• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

This paper proposes a session control model for the P2P(Peer to Peer) IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) services and presents the IPTV session control procedures based on the proposed model. Since, while public IPTV traffic is usually processed via a separate network, P2P IPTV traffic is processed together with the conventional Internet access traffic, the P2P IPTV control mechanism needs to provide multi-stream processing for the constituent TPS(Triple Play Service) traffic and corresponding QoS(Quality of Service) control functions. Besides, P2P IPTV session control mechanism should provide appropriate multicast control functions in order to support effective transmission of video traffic generated by personal IPTV broadcasters. The P2P IPTV session control model proposed in this paper is designed to be based on the standard SIP(Session Initiation Protocol), IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol), and COPS(Common Open Policy Service) protocol so that it can contribute to the easy and prompt deployment of inter-operable P2P IPTV platform.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.291-304
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to analyze the facial asymmetry of the patients with the craniomandibular disorder. In this study, 50 patients, who have joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, and 40 dental students, Chosun University, who did not posses any restoration and orthodontic treatment, joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, were selected as the control group. Both the control group and the patient group were takened skull P-A, submento-vertex radiogram by standized methods. After that, the deviation and facial asymmetry were measured and analyzed. The results of the this study were as follows: 1. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 3.35㎜, patient group were 4.51㎜ (P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.83㎜, patient group were 3.27㎜(P<0.001). 2. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 131.85㎜, patient group were 188.45㎜(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.58㎜, patient group were 2.68㎜(P<0.00l). 3. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 120.76㎟, patient group were 185.49㎟(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 2.29㎟, patient group were 3.37㎟(p<0.05). 4. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 1.50㎜, patient group were 2.35㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.75㎜, patient group were 3.17㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 1.96㎜, patient group were 3.24㎜(P<0.001), the △Mr-Cp-Co: control group were 1.74㎜, patient group were 2.73㎜(P<0.05). 5. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 1.68㎜, patient group were 2.46㎜P<0.05), the △Mr-CI-Ia: control group were 2.38㎜, patient group were 3.74㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 1.63㎜, patient group were 2.80㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.45㎜, patient group were 3.12㎜(P<0.001). 6. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 73.17㎟, patient group were 110.16㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 105.09㎟, patient group were 180.87㎟(P<0.001), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 103.31㎟, patient group were 148.48㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 97.01㎟, patient group were 167.83㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 104.24㎟, patient group were 205.90㎟(P<0.05).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The main game architectures for multiplayer online games are the traditional client-server architectures, multi-server architectures and P2P(peer-to-peer) architectures. P2P architectures, due to their distributed and collaborative nature, have low infrastructure costs and can achieve high scalability as well as fast response time by creating direct connections between players. However, P2P architectures face many challenges. Distributing a game among peers makes maintaining control over the game more complex. These architectures also tend to be vulnerable to churn and cheating. Providing consistency control in P2P systems is also more difficult since conflicting updates might be executed at different sites resulting in inconsistency. In order to avoid or correct inconsistencies, most multiplayer games use a primary-copy replication approach where any update to the object has to be first performed on the primary copy. This paper presents the primary-copy model with the update dissemination mechanism that provides consistency control over an object in P2P architectures for multiplayer online games. The performance for this model is evaluated through simulation experiments and analysis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2007

This study was designed to observe the effects of the Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract (PLBC) on the improvement of the blood biochemical aspects; serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, Phospholipid, Trigryceride, Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, of Triton WR-1339(TX)-induced hiperlipidemic rats. Experimental groups were designed to normal control group(Normal), hiperlipidemic control group(Control), hiperlipidemic control group treated with Barley corn water extract(1000mg/1kg ; BC), hiperlipidemic control group treated with Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract (500, 1000, 1500mg/1kg; PLBC-1, PLBC-2, and PLBC-3, respectively). Serum AST levels of BC and all PLBC treated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum ALT levels of BC and PLBC-2 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-1 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum LDH levels of BC group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.025) compared to Control group. Serum ALP levels of BC and PLBC-1 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-2 group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Phospholipid levels of BC group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-1 group was decreased (p<0.025), PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Triglyceride levels of BC group was increased but no significant, PLBC-1 group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Total cholesterol levels of BC group was decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-1, PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum HDL levels of BC group was increased (p<0.05), PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were significantly increased (p<0.005), PLBC-3 group was increased (p<0.025) compared to Control group. Serum LDL levels of BC, PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were decreased but no significant, PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. These results suggested that Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract improve Triton WR-1339(TX)-induced hiperlipidemic symptom in rats.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations between stress and health locus of control in nursing college students. Methods: A total of 243 subjects aged between 17 and 27 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self reported questionnaire from March 2 to 25, 2013. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/PC Win 15.0. Results: Differences in stress and health locus of control according to general characteristics were as follows. Stress were significantly different according to gender (t=-2.51, p<.05), grade (F=5.40, p<.01), school record (F=5.72, p<.01), stress solving methods (F=2.62, p<.05). Internal health locus of control was significantly different according to gender (t=2.30, p<.05), grade (F=14.73, p<.001), religion (F=4.63, p<.01), school record (F=5.29, p<.01), economic state (F=5.50, p<.001) and smoking (F=4.17, p<.05). Chance health locus of control was significantly different according to sibling rank (F=2.86, p<.05). Except chance health locus of control, internal heath locus of control and dependence health locus of control have a negative correlation with stress. 15.6% of variance in stress was explained by dependence health locus of control, chance health locus of control, and grade. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the stress expression of nursing college students and developing more specific programs on personality and self-control.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.292-300
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate weight control behavior and obesity stress of college women. The data were collected from September 7 to September 13 of 2013 and the subjects were 213 college women in C city of Gyoung-nam Province. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test. The score of obesity stress was moderate($18.26{\pm}5.66$). The level of obesity stress was affected by various general characteristics and weight control behavior characteristics including economic status(F=3.99, p=0.020), figure recognition(F=14.41, p<.001), satisfaction of body figure(F=15.88, p<.001), interest of weight control(F=4.82, p=.001), control of food amount(F=2.41, p=.050), body figure compulsion(F=24.06, p<.001), experience of dieting (F=6.04, p<.001), sleeping hours(t=2.10, p=.036), desired losing weight (F=10.47, p<.001). Therefore, it is necessary to be considered these variables during development of body weight control programs for college women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-265
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Parent Effectiveness Training (P. E. T.) on (1) parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers and (2) the relationship between parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers. The subjects were 43 mothers whose children were in 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades in one of two elementary schools in the City of Seoul. Mothers who participated in a P. E. T. class were assigned either to an experimental or a control group. Mothers in the experimental group received P. E. T. during the study; those in the control group received it after the study. Instruments were the Parental Awareness Interview (Newberger, 1980) and the revised Verbal Control Patters (Gumperz, 1973) for mothers. The data were analyzed by t-tests and Pearson's correlations. The results showed that (1) P. E. T. influenced parental awareness of mothers, and this change was maintained one month after completion of the P. E. T. class. (2) Mothers' verbal control patterns were changed by P. E. T. Specifically, mother' imperative and positional verbal control patterns decreased while personal verbal control patterns increased after P. E. T. (3) P. E. T. was negativeiy related to mother's imperative and positional verbal control patterns but positively related to personal verbal control patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 1999

This study was designed to identify the relation between health beliefs and compliance with weight control behavior in obese high school students living in Chonnam province. The data were collected from May 24 to 29, 1999. The instruments used in this study were modified by the authors on the basis of the results of the study's related references. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation using the SAS PC+ program. The results were as follows : 1. The correlation between health concern and compliance with weight control behavior was revealed as statistically significant (r= .34, p= .005). From the correlation of variables, it is concluded that there were statistically significant relations between health concern and benefit (r= .25, p= .043), between health concern and barrier (r= .33, p= .008), between susceptibility and severity (r= .64, p= .000), between susceptibility and benefit (r= .42, p= .000), between susceptibility and barrier (r= .44, p= .003), between severity and benefit (r= .37, p= .002), between severity and barrier (r= .56, p= .000), and between benefit and barrier (r= .38, p= .002). Thus, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier had an indirect influence on compliance with weight control behavior. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between general characteristics and compliance with weight control behavior and health belief variables: Sex (t=2.56, p= .010) was revealed as the influencing variable of health concern. The number of those subjects living together (F=2.88, p= .044) was revealed as the influencing variable of susceptibility. Sex (t=3.47, p= .047), income (F=1.67, p= .051) was revealed as the influencing variable of barrier. 3. In the analysis of the relationship between obese characteristics and compliance with weight control behavior and health belief variables: Perception of weight (F=9.21, p= .000), family history of obesity (t=4.89, p= 030), environment of obesity (t=14.30, p= .000) were revealed as the influencing variables of susceptibility. Perception of weight (F=4.86, p= .001), symptoms of obesity (t=4.46, p= .006), family history of obesity (t=6.59, p= .012), environment of obesity (11.30, p= .001), and reasons of weight control (F=3.07, p= .010) were revealed as the influencing variables of severity. Symptoms of obesity (F=4.15, p= .009), reasons of weight control (F=2.41, p= .046) were revealed as the influencing variables of benefit. Environments of obesity (t=4.23, p= .044) were revealed as influencing variables of barrier. These results suggest that for improvement in compliance with weight control behavior, school nurses should stimulate the students' concerns about health.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

In this study, a pH control method by carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) was applied to coagulation process in water treatment plant (WTP) to investigate the coagulation efficiency and residual dissolved aluminum when high pH raw water is flowing into the plant during algal blooming. Existing coagulant dose (1 mg/L in raw water) resulted in the pH reduction of 0.0384 by LAS, 0.0254 by PAC, 0.0201 by A-PAC, and 0.0135 by PACS2, respectively. And then the concentration of dissolved aluminum was 0.02 mg/L at pH 7.44, 0.07 mg/L at pH 7.96, 0.12 mg/L at pH 8.16, 0.39 mg/L at pH 8.38 showing the concentration increase with pH in the coagulation process. It was noteworthy that rapid increase was observed at pH above 8.0 next the rapid mixing. Therefore it is necessarily required to control pH below 7.8 in the coagulation process in order to meet drinking water quality standard of aluminum for high pH raw water into WTP, $CO_2$ injection could control pH successfully at about 7.3 even for the raw water of high pH above 8.0. In addition it was found that the pH control by $CO_2$ injection was significantly effective for coagulation in terms of turbidity removal, coagulant dosage, and residual dissolved aluminum concentration.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.226-230
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• 2004

The pharmacokinetics of orally administered paclitlxel (50 mg/kg) was studied in six rabbits after 1hr pretreatment (2.0 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of tetramethoxyflavone or coadministration of (2.0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) tetramethoxyflavone. The area under the plasma concentration-tine curve (AUC) and plasma concentration of paclitaxe1 coadministered with tetramethoxyflavone (10 mglkg) were increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with control. However, coadministration of tetramethoxyflavone (2 and 20 mg/kg) showed no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel. Pretreatment with tetramethoxyflavone significantly (p<0.05) increased the plasma concentration of paclitaxel. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration (C$_{max}$) of paclitaxel pretreated with tetramethoxyflavone were increased significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05) compared with control. The terminal half. life of paclitaxel pretreated with tetramethoxyflavone (2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was significantly (p<0.05) prolonged compared with control. Pretreatment with tetramethoxyflavone (2.0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05) increased the absolute bioavailability of paclitaxel compared with the control (154∼179%). On the basis of the results, it might be considered that tetramethoxyflavone may inhibit cytochrome P450 or P-glycoprotein efflux pump which are engaged in paclitaxel metabolism, result in increased AUC and t$_{1}$2/ of paclitaxel. However, further study should be conducted to clarify the roles of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein on paclitaxel bioavailability with/or without tetramethoxyflavone. P-glycoprotein on paclitaxel bioavailability with/or without tetramethoxyflavone.