• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.240-248
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• 2010

This study used 3 kinds of experimental toothpaste prepared with different contents of SLS, i.e. A (0%), B (1.1%), C (2.2%). These 150 subjects were subdivided again into three groups. After 4 weeks application of the three kinds of toothpaste, it was found that there were differences in dental plaque test (PHP) among the 3 groups; that is; a higher SLS content was associated with a lower PHP index. In addition, it was found that all 3 groups showed a reduction in simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After 4 weeks application of the three groups of toothpaste, it was found that a higher SLS content was associated with a lower salivary flow, but there was no significant variation in salivary mucosity and pH. Further, it was found that SLS was negatively correlated with salivary flow, which supports the theory that SLS may induce xerostomia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.127-133
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of natural tooth whitening using fruits that can be easily accessed in real life by increasing interest in tooth whitening in modern society. Twenty premolar teeth were divided into five groups (n=4). Strawberry (A), lemon (B), banana skin (C), baking soda (D) and whitening toothpaste (E) were treated with a toothbrush on the enamel surface. The tooth surface was treated with a toothbrush at the same time for 3 minutes for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, then washed with sterile distilled water, and stored in saline solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks, and the color change of teeth was observed at intervals of one week. After 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in tooth color change after 3 weeks(p<0.05). Among them, strawberry and lemon showed higer effects to whitening toothpaste. It is believed that strawberries and lemons have a higher whitening effect than whitening toothpaste. Whitening toothpaste may be replaced with a safe natural whitening effect using strawberries and lemons instead of chemical ingredients that may be harmful to human body.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.393-398
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• 2019

This study aimed to suggest the optimum number of rinsing by researching changes in optical density and pH in accordance with the number of rinsing after toothbrushing, and then verifying the amount of residual toothpaste in mouth. Total 14 university students who had healthy body with no difficulties in daily life were selected from the students of K university in Daegu as the research subjects. The research subjects rinsed their mouths with 40ml of water from zero time to 12 times after toothbrushing. After collecting each rinsing water, the optical density and pH were measured. In the results of measuring the optical density value of each rinsing water, the rinsing water of six-seven times or more after toothbrushing showed the constant value of optical density, which was statistically significant(p<0.05). There were no differences in accordance with the amount of toothpaste such as 1g, 1.5g, and 2g. Based on such results of this study, it would be necessary to provide the education of the use of dentifrice, and also to have diverse researches on the effects of residual dentifrice in mouth on the oral cavity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for patients who received periodontal therapy and felt hypersensiptivity. Material and Methods: After application of toothpaste, patients were evaluated for VAS(Visual Analog scale) scores to a cold stimulate on baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks. VAS scores were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: The results of this study were as follows. 1. VAS scores in control group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were $5.39{\pm}2.05$, $4.75{\pm}2.00$, $4.21{\pm}1.75$. 2. VAS scores in experimental group on baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were $5.61{\pm}2.37$, $4.81{\pm}2.46$, $4.08{\pm}2.54$. 3. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 1week was $0.64{\pm}0.49$(p<.0001) in control group, $0.80{\pm}1.65$ (p<.0001) in experimental group. 4. Decrease of VAS scores on hypersensitivity after 4weeks was $1.18{\pm}1.60$(p<.0001) in control group, $1.53{\pm}1.88$ (p<.0001) in experimental group. 5. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 1 week between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.2622). 6. When compared, decrease of VAS scores after 4 weeks between 2 groups were not statistically different(p=0.1219). Conclusion: It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the similar effect with pre-existing proven dentifrice for relieving teeth hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.611-620
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• 2012

Objectives : This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness of denture base resin according to the types of denture cleansers. Methods : A denture base resin(Vertex RS, Dentimax, Netherland) was used. Two toothpaste(Antiplaque, Bukwang, Korea; 2080, Aekyung, Korea) and a kitchen detergent(Trio, Aekyung, Korea) were used as a denture cleanser. The specimens were put on the V8 crossbrushing machine(Sabri enterprises, Downers grove, IL, USA) to reproduce toothbrushing and the toothbrushes were flat, round end and soft type. The surfaces of denture base resin specimens were observed by profilometer(SJ-400, MITUTOYO, Japan) and SEM(S-3000N, Hitachi Co., Ibaraki, Japan). Results : 1. According to the result of measuring surface roughness, there was statistically significant difference in Ra, Rq, and Rz(p<0.05). 2. As for Ra, Rq and Rz, Antiplaque toothpaste showed the highest roughness, and there was significant difference from other groups(p<0.01). 2080 toothpaste, Trio, and distilled water were classified as the same group. 3. According to the result of observation with the SEM, the surfaces of the Antiplaque toothpaste group after toothbrushing showed the greatest roughness, and the surfaces of 2080 toothpaste, Trio, and distilled water groups were rough in order. Trio and distilled water had the surfaces similar to those before toothbrushing. Conclusions : Studies to compare the efficacy of denture management methods and examine the effects of denture cleansers on denture materials will be helpful for dental hygienists and dentists providing patients with proper information and education. And it will be also useful for denture users' oral health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth whitening effect of 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide toothpastes and safety on tooth and gingival tissue. Methods : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. In in-vitro test, some additives (sodium metaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and titanium dioxide) were added to the toothpastes. Hydroxyapatite specimens (HAPs) were made and stained using modified Stookey's methods. HAPs were treated for 1 hour at shaking incubator and brushed for 1,000 times as 250 gF with each diluted toothpaste. Before and after color was measured by colorimeter. Using double blind method, 99 Korean with natural maxillary anterior teeth were selected and the initial brightness (baseline) was measured by SHADEEYE-EX. Based on this measurement they were crossly distributed into control group (0% hydrogen peroxide), test 1 (0.74% hydrogen peroxide) and test 2 (2.80% hydrogen peroxide). After 2 weeks, people of each group were provided toothpaste and told to use 3 times a day right after every meal for 3 minutes. The brightness of teeth was measured 3 times for every one month. Results : ${\Delta}L$ was statistically significant among three groups in shaking test. ${\Delta}L$ of two test groups was statistically significant compared with control group but not between each test group in brushing test. After using toothpaste for 3 months, test 1 group and test 2 group were 15.89% and 31.23% more whitened compared with control group respectively (p<0.05). Rate of more whitened person of each test group was 24.2% and 40.5% more than control group respectively (p<0.05). There was no difference in the hypersensitivity during 3 months using toothpastes and no side effect on teeth or gums. Conclusions : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide showed tooth whitening effect and both were safe enough to use for tooth whitening.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the tooth whitening effect of Listerine Healthy White and provide effective management of extrinsic discoloration by comparing the whitening effects of existing whitening products. Methods: The included study four groups: those using whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, and Listerine Healthy White and a control using artificial saliva. Each group received 40 bovine tooth specimens, which were stained with commonly consumed tooth-coloring-inducing foods; black tea, black coffee, and instant noodles for 72 hours. The specimens were treated with tooth whitening materials for 5 weeks, after which the lightness (L^*) was measured weekly using a spectrophotometer. Results: There was a significant difference in lightness among the groups between the 1st and 5th week of treatment for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods (p<0.05). When comparing the changes in lightness values from before whitening to the 5th week of whitening for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods, the order of change was as follows: whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, Listerine Healthy White, and artificial saliva. Listerine Healthy White showed a significant whitening effect for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods (p<0.05). Particularly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by black tea after 5 weeks of whitening were in the following order: whitening gel (21.72), whitening toothpaste (14.89), Listerine Healthy White (12.91), and artificial saliva (3.85). For specimens stained by black coffee, the changes in lightness values were in the following order: whitening gel (12.99), whitening toothpaste (9.66), Listerine Healthy White (7.91), and artificial saliva (3.12). Lastly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by instant noodles were as follows: whitening gel (10.84), whitening toothpaste (9.85), Listerine Healthy White (7.71), and artificial saliva (2.61). Conclusion: Listerine Healthy White exhibits continuous whitening effects over time, and for consumers seeking convenient ways to achieve tooth whitening effects at home, consistent use of Listerine Healthy White is recommended.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2003

Many researches are being done to study the effect of toothpaste containing natural extracts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque control effect and therapeutic effect of toothpaste products containing chitosan extract. 120 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group only used toothpaste containing chitosan and subjects in the control group used toothpaste without chitosan. At first, subjects received scaling and tooth brushing instruction. Gingival index, bleeding index, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level were scored at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months, and plaque index were scored at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months. Gingival index of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months use were 0.71${\pm}$0.66, 0.49${\pm}$0.55, 0.36${\pm}$0.49 and 0.62${\pm}$0.58, 0.51${\pm}$0.52, 0.48${\pm}$0.50 (mean${\pm}$SD), respectively (statistically significant different at p <0.05 ). Plaque index of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months were 0.52${\pm}$0.50, 0.43${\pm}$0.50, 0.39${\pm}$0.49, 0.29${\pm}$0.46 and 0.49${\pm}$0.50, 0.50${\pm}$0.50, 0.51${\pm}$0.50, 0.45${\pm}$0.50, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). Bleeding index of experimental group and control group were 0.40${\pm}$0.49, 0.33${\pm}$0.47, 0.24${\pm}$0.43 and 0.40${\pm}$0.49,0,38${\pm}$0.49,0.30${\pm}$0.46, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05). Probing depth of experimental group and control group were 2.41${\pm}$0.64, 2.31${\pm}$0.60, 2.28${\pm}$0.55 and 2.51${\pm}$0.67, 2.47${\pm}$0.63,2.42${\pm}$0.62, respectively (statistically significant different at p${\pm}$0.66, 2.32${\pm}$0.62 and 2.54${\pm}$0.70, 2.51${\pm}$0.69,2.46${\pm}$0.66, respectively (statistically significant different at p<0.05 ). From these finding, it can be concluded that toothpaste containing chitosan have better plaque control effect and therapeutic effect on gingivitis and early periodontitis compared to conventional toothpastes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1993

Dental abrasive, dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) was prepared and the several important factors affecting on the quality of toothpaste were investigated by means of set test, glycerine absorption, Coulter counter test, color difference, BET adsorption, mercury porosimetery, and rheogram comparing with two foreign DCPDs, MFO4 and Dentphos K. Sample DCPD was prepared by reaction between 85% H$_{3}$PO$_{4}$ and 15% milk of lime at $39^{\circ}C$ (pH6.5), and stabilized with TSPP and TMP. The physicochemical properties of Sample DCPD were obtained as follows: whiteness (98.99), average particle size (15.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$), pH (7.9), remainder particle weight (0.49w/w%), glycerine absorption value (64 ml), and set test (passed). N$_{2}$ adsorption curves (BET) of three kinds of DCPD showed non-porous type III isotherm. BET adsorption parameters of sample DCPD showed that surface area was 24.9 m$^{2}$/g, total pore volume 0.09 cm$^{3}$/g and average pore radius 72.0 $\AA$. The rheogram of the toothpaste containing each DCPD showed bulged plastic flow with yield vlaue and thixotropic behavior. These results meet standard requirements as abrasive standard, and suggested that synthesized sample DCPD could be used a dental abrasive such as a high quality grade in practice as foreign DCPDs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.235-245
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review two recently reported, long-term studies of several chemical methods to control gingivitis and decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients. The first study(gingivitis study) was designed to determine whether conventional toothbrushing and twice daily use of a brush-on 0.4 per cent $SnF_2$ gel containing more than 90 per cent available $Sn^{2+}$ would be more effective for controlling plaque accumulation and gingivitis in the presence of orthodontic appliances than conventional toothbrushing alone. The second study(decalcification study) was designed to compare the effectiveness of controlling decalcification in orthodontic patients with either a II00 ppm F tooth paste used alone, this same toothpaste and a 0.05 percent NaF rinse or this toothpaste and a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel. In the gingivitis study, sixty-five consecutively treated adolescents who were to receive full-mouth fixed orthodontic appliances were assigned to two groups according to age and sex criteria. In the decalcification study an additional 30 subjects(95 total) were similarly assigned to a third group. The first group(control, n=35) used only toothbrushing with a standard fluoride(1100 ppm F) toothpaste. The second group used toothbrushing with a similar dentifrice supplemented with a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel($SnF_2$ gel group, n=30) used twice daily for the entire 18-month study period. The third group(in the decalcification study only) used a similar toothpaste and 0.05 percent NaF rinse(NgF rinse group, n=30). Clinical assessments of plaque accumulation using the Plaque Index, gingival inflammation using the Gingival Index, and coronal staining were completed single-blinded before appliances were placed and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after appliances were placed. Decalcification was assessed single blind on all labial surfaces of all erupted teeth before appliances were placed and 3 months after appliances were removed. The results of the gingivitis study indicated that the $SnF_2$ gel gorup had significantly lower scores for the Plaque Index(p<0.01) and Gingival Index(p<0.001) at all examinations during orthodontic treatment than did the control group. In the $SnF_2$ gel group, one subject developed mild coronal staining and two subjects developed moderate staining. In the decalcification study, when pre-treatment levels of decalcification were subtracted from post-treatment values, significantly lower decalcification scores(p<0.05) were found for both whole mouth and first molars in the NaF rinse and gel groups as compared with the control gorup(toothpaste alone). Although the gel group consistently had less decalcification than the rinse group, this difference only approached statistical significance.