• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3891-3895
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of expression of ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in cervical cancer. Levels of ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin in normal cervical mucosa and cervical cancer tissue were detected with immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to assess prognostic significance. ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin expression was detected in 84.6% (143/169) cervical cancer samples, significantly different from that in normal cervical mucosa (P < 0.05). Positive expression rates of ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin in patients with poor histologic differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence were elevated. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expression of ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin revealed a highly significant difference in human cervical cancer cases (P < 0.05), suggesting that overexpression of ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin is associated with a worse prognosis.The ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin promotes angiogenesis and associates with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. The current study indicated that ${\alpha}5{\beta}1$-integrin may be an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

This study investigated the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of lead-free 0.74(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃-0.26SrTiO₃ (BNST26) piezoelectric ceramics sintered using a microwave furnace. For comparison, specimens were also prepared using a conventional furnace sintering (CFS). Average grain sizes of 2.4 ㎛ and 3.2 ㎛ were obtained in the sample sintered at 1,100℃ for 5 min using microwave sintering (MWS) and at 1,175℃ for 2 h using CFS, respectively. To quantify the changes in the microstructures and electrical properties according to the sintering conditions, the polarization hysteresis, bipolar and unipolar strain curves, and temperature dependence of permittivity were evaluated. As a result, it was determined that the P_max (maximum polarization), P_r (remanent polarization) and S_max (maximum strain) values tend to increase with the average grain size. Based on these results, it is concluded that the MWS method can produce lead-free ceramics with superior performance in a relatively short time compared to the conventional CFS method.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.102-108
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• 2018

Objective: To investigate whether the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) clinically defines improvement of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores in people with acute stroke in response to rehabilitation. Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Seventy-three participants with acute stroke participated in the study. Balance evaluation was performed using the BBS. All patients received rehabilitation with physical therapy for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, for 2 hours and 20 minutes a day. An anchor-based approach using the clinical global impression was used to determine the MCID of the BBS. The MCID was used to define the minimum change in the BBS total score (postintervention-preintervention) that was needed to perceive at least a 3-point improvement on the global rating of change. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to define the cut-off values of the optimal MCID of the BBS in order to discriminate between improvement and no improvement groups. Results: The optimal MCID cut-off point for the BBS change scores was 12.5 points for males with a sensitivity (Sn) of 0.62 and a specificity (Sp) of 0.89, and 12.5 points for females with a Sn of 0.69 and Sp of 0.85. The area under the curve of the ROC curve for all participants were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72; 0.95, p<0.001), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.77; 1.00, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The MCID for improvement in balance as measured by the BBS was 13.5 points, indicating that the MCID does clinically detect changes in balance abilities in persons with stroke.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.800-806
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of a pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on microbial inactivation and the physical properties of low-fat milk. Milk inoculated with Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Lactobacillus brevis was supplied to a pilot-scale PEF treatment system at a flow rate of 30 L/h. Pulses with an electric field strength of 10 kV/cm and a pulse width of 30 µs were applied to the milk with total pulse energies of 50-250 kJ/L achieved by varying the pulse frequency. The inactivation curves of the test microorganisms were biphasic with an initial lag phase (or shoulder) followed by a phase of rapid inactivation. PEF treatments with a total pulse energy of 200 kJ/L resulted in a 4.5-log reduction in E. coli, a 4.4-log reduction in L. brevis, and a 6.0-log reduction in S. cerevisiae. Total pulse energies of 200 and 250 kJ/L resulted in greater than 5-log reductions in microbial counts in stored PEF-treated milk, and the growth of surviving microorganisms was slow during storage for 15 d at 4℃. PEF treatment did not change milk physical properties such as pH, color, or particle-size distribution (p<0.05). These results indicate that a relatively low electric-field strength of 10 kV/cm can be used to pasteurize low-fat milk.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2000

Electrodes of the polycationic film with electropolymerized $[Ru(v-bpy)_3]^{2+}$ having about 1:1 ratio of $PF6^-/ClO_4^-$as the doped counter ions, were modified with xylenol orange and diethylditbiocarbamate by ion exchange which had stability constant as 38.6 and 17.5 respectively. These electrodes were employed in the quantitative multiple determination of U(W) in solution. The working electrode of electrochemical cell for the analytical signal was Pt/p-$[Ru(v-bpy)_3]^{2+}$, ligand, U(VI) with Ag/AgCl reference elecrode. In the stripping voltammetry. electrode process was electron transfer controlled one and calibration curves at the ranges of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-7}$ M had excellent relationship as 0.99 and relative standard deviation as 5${\sim}$8%.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 1994

In the present study we investigated the peripheral function of capsaicin and KR-25018, a newly synthesized capsaicin derivative, which was demonstrated to have a potent analgesic activity through different mechanism from morphine and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Capsaicin (10-8~10-5 M) and KR-25018 (10-8~10-5 M) produced concentration-dependent contractions of the isolated guinea pig bronchi. There were no significant differences in the maximum response and the EC50 values (EC50: 0.137$\pm$0.025 $\mu$M and 0.097$\pm$0.031 $\mu$M for capsaicin and KR-25018, respectively, P>0.05). Phosphoramidon (10 $\mu$M) and indomethacin (10 $\mu$M) had no significant effect on contractile response to the submaximal concentration range of capsaicin and KR-25018 (3$\times$10-9~3$\times$10-7 M). The response to KR-25018, like that to capsaicin, was significantly inhibited by ruthenium red with reduction in the maximum response, which is indicative of non-competitive antagonism. A further common feature of the responses to capsaicin and KR-25018 in the guinea pig bronchi was their sensitivity to capsazepine. Capsazepine caused a rightward parallel shift in concentration-response curves obtained by capsaicin and KR-25018. the pA2 values of capsazepine were 5.90 and 5.99 against capsaicin and KR-25018 response, respectively. In conclusion, KR-25018 and capsaicin exert their contractile effects in the isolated guinea pig bronchial muscle by common mechanisms, probably via the activation of a specific receptor.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 1996

Spectrophotometric properties of lanthanide complexes with methylthymol blue(MTB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were studied and also lanthanide(III) ions were determined by flow injection analysis on the base of the above results. The absorption maxima of lanthanide(III)-MTB complexes in the presence of CTAB are 635nm with molar absorptivity of $4.51{\sim}6.11{\times}10^4Lmol^{-1}cm^{-l}$ at pH 5.8. The mole ratio of lanthanide(III) complexes with MTB is 1:2 in the presence of CTAB. The calibration curves of lanthanide(III) ions obey the Beer's law in the range of 0.1 to 0.4ppm under the optimum condition. The samples throughput was ca. $60hr^{-1}$. The interfering effect of some cations and anions was investigated. The ligand anions such as tartrate and citrate, many transition and rare earth elements interfered severely and must be removed before the determination of lanthanide(III) ions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

In this study, we characterized the bacterial strain KJ2C12 in relation with its biocontrol activity against Phytophthora capsici on pepper, and identified this strain using morphological, physiological, biochemical, fatty acid methyl ester, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Strain KJ2C12 significantly (P=0.05) reduced both final disease severity and areas under the disease progress curves of 5-week-old pepper plants inoculated with P. capsici compared to buffer-treated controls. As for the production of antibiotics, biofilms, biosurfactant, extracellular enzyme, HCN, and swarming activity, strain KJ2C12 produced an extracellular enzyme with protease activity, but no other productions or swarming activity. However, Escherichia coli produced weak biofilm only. Strain KJ2C12 could colonize pepper roots more effectively in a gnotobiotic system using sterile quartz sand compared to E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. However, no bacterial populations were detected in 10 mM $MgSO_4$ buffer-treated controls. Strain KJ2C12 produced significantly higher microbial activity than the $MgSO_4$-treated control or E. coli over 4 weeks after treatments. Bacterial strain KJ2C12 was identified as Bacillus luciferensis based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as FAME and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. In addition, these results suggested that B. luciferensis strain KJ2C12 could reduce Phytophthora blight of pepper by protecting infection courts through enhanced effective root colonization with protease production and an increase of soil microbial activity.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3089-3095
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• 1973

The power transmission to the traction devices may be very important for the tractor performance and therefore this system has been studied very much in the past. On the other hand, the PTO(Power-take-off) has been considered as an accessary on the tractor with a few work for its power transmission. Because of increased use of PTO operation in various kind of farming operations in recent years, the function of PTO may become such important as the traction facilities. In this study, the power transmission characteristics of PTO drive was analyzed theoretically and some experimental work was done to study on it. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The most stable condition of PTO work was obtained when the intersection angle of the two curves for driving and driven torques was about ${\pi}/2$. 2) To obtain the most stable operation it is better to use both the speed control and the full control together. 3) Six steps differential gear may not be enough to use the PTO power smoothly. It is thought that the three steps differential gear on the shaft of PTO may be necessary additionally for a smooth operation. 4) When the traction facilities and the PTO are used at the same time, the torque of crank shaft becomes Tt + Tp, and the high efficiency and good stability of word will be obtained with the small variation of driving speed. 5) When the tractor was operated with 75% of the rated horse power and 70% of maximum speed, the best thermal efficiency could be obtained. 6) The most dangerous sound for human occured at the rated speed of PTO and tus it may be necessary to control the dangerous noise.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2004

High resolution spectroscopic observations of BX And using the BOBS (Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph) of Bohyunsan Optical Astronomical Observatory (BOAO) were performod during 26-27, Feb. 2003. From the observations, we obtained 38 line spectra of BX And which cover all phases except the phase interval between $0.^p1$ and $0.^p3$. Both methods of the CCF (Cross-Correlation Function) and BF (Broadening Function) were used to get the radial velocities of primary and secondary components. Both velocities of the primary and secondary stars were calculated with the BF method while only primary velocities were determined with the CCF. Using new radial velocity curves, the maximum radial velocities of the primary and secondary stars were obtained as $K_1=90.1km/s\;and\;K_2=196.6km/s$, respectively. New absolute dimension of BX And was deduced with the combination of our spectroscopic solution with the photometric one of Bell et al. (1990).