• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.685-693
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• 1994

Sublimation vapour pressures and sublimation enthalpy of anhydrous bismuth trifluoride have been measured by the continuous gravimetric Cnudsen-effusion method from 639-7 to 782.8 K. Additional effusion measurements have also been made from 750.6 to 863.1 K by the torsion-effusion method. Based on a correlation of subHo298.15 and subSo298.15, a recommended P(T) equation has been obtained for BiF3(s); logP= -C/T+5.2375logT-3.205$\times$10-3+4.661$\times$104/T2+1.348 where P is in Pa, T in Kelvin, subHo298.15 in kJ mol-1 and C=( subHo298.15-13.5149)/1.9146$\times$10-2. Condensation coefficients and their temperature dependence have been derived from the effusion measurements.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors affecting the functional status in disabled persons in the Jeiu Province. Method: Data were collected from 318 disabled persons in the Jeiu province during the period from the 6th of July to the 11th of October in 2006. The functional status was assessed by the disability assessment schedule II (Whodas II) of the World Health Organization and collected data were analyzed using the SAS 8.0 program. Result: The mean score of WHODAS II was 29.9. According to the results of multiple regression, factors affecting the functional status were perceived health condition(t=3.44, p<.001), brain disorder disability(t=2.55, p<.001), treatment status(t=-1.95, p=.05), drinking(t=2.09, p=.04), stress(t=-2.72, p=.01), depression(t=-2.70, p=.01). heart disease(t=2.62. p=.01) and anemia(t=2.20, p=.03). Conclusion: The functional status was affected by health behaviors, diseases, and the type of disability. Thus, future efforts to promote the functional status of disabled persons may need to take into account all these factors.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.15 no.1_2
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• pp.415-423
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• 2004

In allelic model X = ($x_1,\;x_2,...x_{d}$), $M_f(t)$= f(p(t)) - ${{\int}^{t}}_0$Lf(p(t))ds is a P-martingale for diffusion operator L under the certain conditions. In this note, we can show uniqueness of martingale problem associated with mean vector and obtain a complete description of ergodic property by using of the semigroup method.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.321-330
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• 2023

This study was designed to determine the effects of the Havruta teaching method using flipped learning on the communication competency, academic achievement, and academic self-efficacy of nursing students. The subjects of the study were nursing students, with a total of 134 participants: 68 in the experimental group and 66 in the control group. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 program. As a result of the study, the experimental group had better communication competency(t=2.160, p=..048) and academic self-efficacy(t=1.578, p=.042) than the control group. There was no significant difference in academic achievement (t=1.240, p=.515). In conclusion, teaching-learning methods should be developed and applied to develop the capabilities of nursing students.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1989

Let V={(x,y,z):f=z$^{n}$ -npz+(n-1)q=0 for n .geq. 3} be a compled analytic subvariety of a polydisc in $C^{3}$ where p=p(x,y) and q=q(x,y) are holomorphic near (x,y)=(0,0) and f is an irreducible Weierstrass polynomial in z of multiplicity n. Suppose that V has an isolated singular point at the origin. Recall that the z-discriminant of f is D(f)=c(p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$) for some number c. Suppose that D(f) is square-free. then we prove that by Theorem 2.1 .mu.(p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$)=.mu.(f)-(n-1)+n(n-2)I(p,q)+1 where .mu.(f), .mu. p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$are the corresponding Milnor numbers of f, p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$, respectively and I(p,q) is the intersection number of p and q at the origin. By one of applications suppose that W$_{t}$ ={(x,y,z):g$_{t}$ =z$^{n}$ -np$_{t}$ $^{n-1}$z+(n-1)q$_{t}$ $^{n-1}$=0} is a smooth family of complex analytic varieties near t=0 each of which has an isolated singularity at the origin, satisfying that the z-discriminant of g$_{t}$ , that is, D(g$_{t}$ ) is square-free. If .mu.(g$_{t}$ ) are constant near t=0, then we prove that the family of plane curves, D(g$_{t}$ ) are equisingular and also D(f$_{t}$ ) are equisingular near t=0 where f$_{t}$ =z$^{n}$ -np$_{t}$ z+(n-1)q$_{t}$ =0.}$ =0.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors (pain stress, perceived stress, pain disability, fatigue, depression) strategies used by elders to cope with pain based on their type of pain belief. Method: Data were collected from 314 elders in community settings in Seoul from September to December of 2007. Cluster analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Result: The types of pain belief were classified as the following groups: Self-blame, Enduring & Mysterious, and Short-term & Understandable. Perceived stress (t=2.36, p=.02), social support (t=2.24, p=.03), extent of pain relief (t=2.39, p=.02), and duration of pain relief (t=2.09, p=.04) were important factors for active and passive coping in the Self-blame group. Pain stress (t=2.39, p=.01) and depression (t=-3.99, p=.00) were significantly related to the active coping in the Enduring & Mysterious group. Perceived stress (t=2.55, p=.01) was an important factor in the passive coping in the Short-term & Understandable group. Conclusion: Considering different types of pain belief in elders and factors that are significantly related to different coping strategies, future nursing interventions should be population specific to encourage active coping strategies and to decrease passive coping strategies.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a nurse-led community comprehensive exercise program on the body composition, physical function, and health-related quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Method: The study was conducted with one group pretest-posttest design. A total of 57 elderly patients participated in 8 weeks of intervention. Data was analyzed with the SPSS ver. 23.0 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: At the end of the intervention, body mass index was significantly increased (t=2.93, p=.005), but right leg balance (t=2.40, p=.02) was significantly improved. In addition, the total Korean-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (K-WOMAC) (t=3.48, p=.001), knee pain (t=2.61, p=.012), stiffness (t=2.53, p=.014), and physical function (t=3.51, p=.001) were significantly decreased. EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) scores (t=4.25, p<.001) were significantly improved. Conclusion: The nurse-led eight-week community comprehensive exercise program did not show desirable change in the body composition but was effective on the physical function and health-related quality of life for older people with osteoartritis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-63
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• 2021

This study is for the quality improvement of water-sealing & reinforcement grouting in tunnel of the construction of the underground transportation network underneath the city. Existing tunnel grouting process did not technically utilize P~q~t charts fully. It is due to the absence of technical methods to decide how P~q~t charts change in the presence of trouble and what the change represents in grouting. There were no standards to decide which chart pattern represents which ground characteristics, how to categorize ground types, and how to take measures according to the standards. This paper studies on the grouting type, ground characteristics, ground type categorizing method, and countermeasures for both general and algorithm-processed grouting in soil and rock layer to address the aforementioned problems. Newly improved P~q~t charts from grouting in soil was categorized into six different types. Different characteristics and categorization method was developed for each type. Countermeasures for each type of grouting process were developed so that on-site application can be readily available. Improved P~q~t charts for rock layer also have six different types of grouting. Each type was given the countermeasures for rock layer grouting process for easier applications. Therefore, it is expected to be used through out the entire process of grouting from preparation to the last report of the water-sealing & reinforcement grouting in tunnel of the construction of the underground transportation network underneath the city.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

This study was carried out to estimate the performance of modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process by the application of SBR process for small advanced wastewater treatment plant. Organic, nitrogen and phosphorus were able to remove in the unit reactor by SBR process and it would be able to select the suitable operation method. The plant was operated to achieve high performance with influent control, optimum anoxic/oxic condition using intermediate aeration method, and solid (sludge) /liquid (effluent) separation by modified decanter. The optimum operating mode was 3Cycles a day and intermediate input and aeration. Under these conditions, the treatment efficiencies were good with 60% of designed flow rate and low influent quality. When the influent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 120.4 mg/L and 95.7 mg/L, respectively. The effluent concentrations of BOD and CODMn were 6.8 mg/L and 11.0 mg/L, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of BOD and CODMn were 94.4% and 88.5%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were 69.6% and 73.6%, respectively when the average T-N and T-P concentrations were 32.2mg/L and 4.65mg/L, respectively. The T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were slightly decreased to 58.8% and 68.5%, respectively in the winter season but its were also stable efficiencies. BOD, T-N and T-P were removed by 90%. 67% and 46% respectively in the first anoxic/oxic condition, in addition to T-P was removed by 70% in the second anoxic/oxic condition. From the results, modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process is suitable for small advanced wastewater treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1991

Steady-state sublimation vapour pressures of anhydrous bismuth triiodide have been measured by the torsion-effusion method from 488.8 to 570.5 K and equilibrium sublimation pressures were obtained from the steady-state data. The standard sublimation enthalpy changes derived by both second(modified sigma function) and third(average enthalpy method) law methods were 159.316${\pm}$0.055, 137.67${\pm}$1.43 kJ$.$mol-1 respectively. The standard sublmation entropy change derived by modified sigma function was 232.88${\pm}$0.10 J$.$K-1$.$mol-1. The reliable standard sublimation enthalpy change based on a correlation of {{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} H{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K) and {{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} S{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K), a recommended p(T) equation has been obtained for BiI3(cr) ; lg(p/Pa)=-(C$.$K/T)+5.071lg(T/K)-2.838${\times}$10-3(T/K)-7.758${\times}$103(K/T)2+1.4519 where C={{{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} H{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K)/0.019146 kJ$.$mol-1}-456.27.