• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of naringenin, one of flavonoids, on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of diltiazem (15 mg/kg) after oral administration of diltiazem with or without naringenin (2.0, 10 and 20 mg/kg) in rabbits. Coadministration of naringenin increased the absorption rate constant $(K_a)$, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration $(C_{max})$ of diltiazem compared to the control group, but only significantly (p<0.05) by 10mg/kg of naringenin coadministration. The absolute bioavailability (AB%) of diltiazem by coadministration ranges from 7.8% to 10.3%, increased more than control (7.2%), and relative bioavailability (RB%) of diltiazem is increased from 1.08- to 1.43-fold. Coadministration caused on significant changes in the terminal half-lives $(t_{1/2})$ and the time to reach the peak concentration $(T_{max})$ of diltiazem. On the other hand, coadministration of naringenin increased the AUC desacetyldiltiazem, significantly at the dose of 10mg/kg. But the metabolite ratio (MR) was decreased, significantly at 10mg/kg of naringenin. Based on these results, we can make a conclusion that the increased bioavailability and the significant changes of these pharmacokinetic parameters might be due to naringenin, which possess the potency to inhibit the metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) in the liver and intestinal mucosa, and also inhibit the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the intestinal mucosa.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.347-366
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• 2023

본 연구는 단기소득임산물 중 산림임업통계자료에 의한 생산량과 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세인 약용수 (꾸지뽕나무, 마가목, 헛개나무) 자생지를 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 군락을 구분하여 식생 구조를 파악하고 Ordination CCA에 의한 군락구조와 환경요인의 상관관계를 분석하여 산채류 재배지 환경조성에 필요한 생태학적 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 2021~2022년에 수행되었다. 우리나라 꾸지뽕나무 자생지는 주로 남부지역에 분포하고 5개 지역, 11개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였고, 마가목 자생지는 주로 고산지역에 분포하고 3개 지역, 8개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였으며, 헛개나무 자생지는 중부 계곡부에 분포하고 5개 지역, 17개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였다. 각 분류군의 중요치를 살펴보면, 꾸지뽕나무군락에서 나타난 중요치는 꾸지뽕나무가 61.10으로 가장 높았고 다음으로 팽나무, 곰솔, 새덕이, 때죽나무, 소사나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무 등의 순으로 나타났고, 마가목군락에서는 신갈나무가 57.21로 가장 높았고 다음으로 마가목 42.58, 사스래나무, 피나무, 당단풍나무, 시닥나무, 층층나무, 함박꽃나무, 주목 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 헛개나무군락에서는 헛개나무가 64.58로 가장 높았고 다음으로 느티나무, 층층나무, 고로쇠나무, 졸참나무, 까치박달, 가래나무 등의 순으로 나타났다. 중요치가 높은 주요 분류군에 대한 흉고직경급을 분석한 결과 꾸지뽕나무군락에서는 꾸지뽕나무, 팽나무, 새덕이 및 소사나무는 어린 개체의 밀도를 높게 나타내고 있어 당분간은 이들 수종의 우점 상태가 계속 증가 될 것으로 보인다. 마가목군락에서 마가목은 역 J자형을 하고 있어 우점 상태가 계속 증가할 것으로 보이며, 신갈나무, 사스래나무 및 피나무는 정규분포형의 밀도를 나타내고 있어 당분간은 이들 수종의 우점 상태가 계속될 것으로 판단된다. 헛개나무군락에서는 까치박달과 가래나무는 역 J자형을 하고 있어 우점 상태가 계속 증가할 것으로 보이며, 헛개나무, 느티나무, 층층나무 및 고로쇠나무는 각 층에서 전체적으로 개체의 밀도가 높아 계속적으로 높은 우점도를 유지할 것으로 예상된다. TWINSPAN에 의해 분류된 3분류군의 30개 군락과 11개의 환경 요인으로 CCA ordination 결과, 해발고가 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였고, 꾸지뽕나무군락은 pH, C.E.C, Ca²⁺ 및 Mg²⁺ 는 가장 높고, 해발고는 낮고 남동사면과 남서사면의 경사는 완만하였으며, P₂O₅는 높은 지역과 낮은 지역에 골고루 분포하였다. 마가목군락은 해발고는 높고, 북사면의 경사는 다소 급하고, O.M과 T-N은 가장 많으나, 그 외 양료들은 적으며, pH는 낮게 나타났다. 헛개나무군락은 북동사면과 북서사면에서 해발고와 경사는 중간 지역이고, P₂O₅는 높게 나타났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.250-252
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• 1988

A sensitive and simplified HPLC assay of fluconazol is described. The calibration curve of fluconazol in plasma ranging $0-10\;{\mu}g/ml$ was linear with the correlation coefficients of 0.9900. The limit of detection was $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$. The average recovery of the drug was $89.1\;{\pm}\;9.05%$. After oral administration of single dose(150mg) of fluconazol in man, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max$ were $3\;{mu}g/ml$ and 4hr., respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.259-264
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• 1995

Recently, in order to achieve high flexibilty, monitoring and control strategies of a new type have been developed. This paper investigates the fesability of using scoustic emission signal analysis for the detection of built-up edge during machining. Results for maching SM45C steel show that the presence of a built-up edge can significantil affect the generation of acoustic emission in metal cutting. When the cutting speed comes to the conditions conducive to development of built-up edge, it is shown that the slope of curve-fitted AErms signal undergoes a change. The fesability of utilizing AErms in built-up edge sensing is sugested.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 강원도 춘천지역에서 발생하는 환경 오폐수를 시료로 하여 미생물을 혼합하여 제조한 수질정화제를 실제 하천과 호수의 오염환경과 유사한 배양기내에서 생물학적반응을 시켜오염물질의정화정도를측정하고평가하였다. 사용된 미생물은 식물성 유산균(vegetable Lactobacillus fermentum), 효모(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)와 고초균(Bacillus subtilis)이다. 두가지의미생물혼합제를투입하여정화정도를 실험하였다. 실제 하천에 투입하여 정화되는 과정과 유사하게 반응을 시키고자 반응 온도는 $21({\pm}3)^{\circ}C$로 하였으며 완전교반을 진행하였다. 사용한 시료의 오폐수의 오염도와 미생물에 의한 정화정도를 평가하기 위하여 총질소 함량과 총인 함량을 측정하였다. V.L.F.와 S.C.의 혼합물로 구성된 혼합제의 경우 총질소함량을 감소시키는데 매우 효과적임을 보여주었으며, V.L.F., S.C.,와 B.S.로 구성된 혼합제의 경우 그 총인의 함량을 저감화하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 실험 데이터를 통하여 V.L.F.와 S.C.의 혼합제가 오폐수의 정화반응에서 나타나는 반응상수값을 도출하였으며 그 값은 0.178 $day^{-1}$이었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 저감화하고자 하는 성분에 따라 미생물의 종류와 그 혼합비를 조절하는 최적화과정이 필수적임을 알 수 있었으며 또한 곡선적합으로 도출한 반응상수값은 미생물을 이용하여 호수와 하천의 정화정도를 simulation함에 필요한 실험인자로서 응용이 가능하게 되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7315-7319
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• 2013

Background: The metastasis gene osteopontin (OPN) is subject to alternative splicing, which yields three messages, osteopontin-a, osteopontin-b and osteopontin-c. Osteopontin-c is selectively expressed in invasive, but not in noninvasive tumors. In the present study, we examined the expression of OPN-c in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and assessed its value as a diagnostic biomarker. Methods: OPN-c expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 63 ESCC samples and correlated with clinicopathologic factors. Expression was also examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 120 ESCC patients and 30 healthy subjects. The role of OPN-c mRNA as a tumor marker was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Immunohistochemistry showed that OPN-c was expressed in 30 of 63 cancer lesions (48%)and significantly associated with pathological T stage (P=0.038) and overall stage (P=0.023). Real time PCR showed that OPN-c mRNA was expressed at higher levels in the PBMCs of ESCC patients than in those of healthy subjects (P<0.0001) with a sensitivity as an ESCC biomarker of 86.7%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that expression of OPN-c is significantly elevated in ESCCs and this upregulation could be a potential diagnostic marker.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 1998

The bioequivalence of two cyclosporin A products was evaluated in 26 normal male volunteers (age 25 ~33 yr, body weight 56~84 kg) following single oral administration. Test product was a hard capsule containing the granule of cyclosporin A (Chong Kun Dang Corp., Korea) and reference product, Sandimmun", was a soft capsule containing surfactant, oil, alcohol and cyclosporin A (Sandoz, Swiss). Both products contain 100 mg of cyclosporin A. Four capsules of the test and the reference product were administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study (2$\times$2 Latin square method). Average drug concentrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between two products (p>0.05); the area under the concentration-time curve to last sampling time (24 hr) (AU $Co_{24}$) (5034.8$\pm$ 1760.6 vs 4635.4$\pm$ 1158.9 ng . h/ml), maximum plasma concentration ( $C_{max}$) (1002.7$\pm$353.1 vs 980. 4$\pm$ 171.7 ng/71), and mean residence time (MRT) (6.16$\pm$0.81 vs 5.64$\pm$0.50 h). The differences of mean AUC 7-,4,7~, T_ and MRT between the two products (7.93,2.22,16 and 8.39%, respectively) were less than 20% given as a guideline. The power (1-$\beta$) and treatment difference ($\Delta$) for AU $Co_{24}$, $C_{max}$ and MRT were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectively. Although $T_{max}$ of the two products was significantly different each other (p<0.05), $T_{max}$ might be an insignificant parameter because cyclosporin A generally requires long-term administration. From these results, the two products are bioequivalent.alent.t.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic changes of cyclosporine after oral administration of cyclosporine, 10 mg/kg, in rabbits coadministered or pretreated twice per day for 3 days with nimodipine, dose of 5 mg/kg. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclosporine was significantly higher in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine than that in control rabbits (p＜0.01), showing about 149％ increased relative bioavailability. The peak plasma concentration (C$_{max}$), elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2/) and MRT of cyclosporine were increased significantly (p＜0.05) in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. This findings could be due to significant reduction of elimination rate constant and total body clearance by pretreated with nimodipine. The effects of nimodipine on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine were more considerable in rabbits pretreated with nimodipine compared with those in control rabbits. The results suggest that the dosage of cyclosporine should be adjusted when the drug would be coadministered chronically with nimodipine in a clinical situation.n.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2024

Objective: To investigate the prognostic utility of radiomics features extracted from ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT combined with clinical factors and metabolic parameters in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in individuals diagnosed with extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adults with ENKTCL who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination before treatment were retrospectively included and randomly divided into training (n = 88) and validation cohorts (n = 38) at a ratio of 7:3. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operation Cox regression analysis was used to select the best radiomics features and calculate each patient's radiomics scores (RadPFS and RadOS). Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to compare survival between patient groups risk-stratified by the radiomics scores. Various models to predict PFS and OS were constructed, including clinical, metabolic, clinical + metabolic, and clinical + metabolic + radiomics models. The discriminative ability of each model was evaluated using Harrell's C index. The performance of each model in predicting PFS and OS for 1-, 3-, and 5-years was evaluated using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics scores effectively identified high- and low-risk patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that the Ann Arbor stage, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and RadPFS were independent risk factors associated with PFS. Further, β2-microglobulin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, SUVmax, and RadOS were independent risk factors for OS. The clinical + metabolic + radiomics model exhibited the greatest discriminative ability for both PFS (Harrell's C-index: 0.805 in the validation cohort) and OS (Harrell's C-index: 0.833 in the validation cohort). The time-dependent ROC analysis indicated that the clinical + metabolic + radiomics model had the best predictive performance. Conclusion: The PET/CT-based clinical + metabolic + radiomics model can enhance prognostication among patients with ENKTCL and may be a non-invasive and efficient risk stratification tool for clinical practice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of Gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cows. The Hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 Hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between 2000 and 2007. A total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. Wither height (HW), rump height (HR), the horizontal distance between the top of the hips (WH), and girth of chest (GC) were also measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate variables affecting LMA and BFT. The effect of farm nested in location was included in the statistical model, as well as the effects of HW, HR, WH, and GC as covariates. All of the effects were significant in the analysis of variance for LMA and BFT (p<0.01), except for the HR effect for LMA. The two ultrasound measures and the four body conformation traits were fitted to a Gompertz growth curve function to estimate parameters. Upper asymptotic weights were estimated as $54.0cm^2$, 7.67 mm, 125.6 cm, 126.4 cm, 29.3 cm, and 184.1 cm, for LMA, BFT, HW, HR, WH, and GC, respectively. Results of ultrasound measurements showed that Hanwoo cows had smaller LMA and greater BFT than other western cattle breeds, suggesting that care must be taken to select for thick BFT rather than an increase of only beef yield. More ultrasound records per cow are needed to get accurate estimates of growth curve, which, thus, helps producers select animals with high accuracy.