• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2006

Ash amendment to manure holds potential as a method to neutralize manure for reducing odor and reduce phosphorus (P) solubility in runoff from fields where manure has been applied. This review focuses on the literature published about ash characteristics and their environmental uses. There is no uniform physico-chemical definition of the selected ashes (coal fly ash-CFA, wood ash-WA, and rice hull ash-RHA) used in various studies. These ashes vary greatly in their acidity (pH<6.0) or alkalinity (pH>12.5) based on the conditions at which they were farmed and the composition of the ash source. CFA amendment to manure reduced manure-P solubility and application of CFA amended manure to agricultural soils is a method to improve water quality WA may prove to be a valuable manure odor control amendment since WA contains a high level of carbon. A major biomass source is rice hull (husk) which provides an ash source (RHA). The .ice hull and RHA are sources of silica, compromising about 20% and 60%, respectively. So far research has been directed at the use of CFA, WA and RHA as soil amendments, but there is potential use of these materials as manure additives to sequester P and reduce odors.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 2007

Several physicochemical properties including water solubility, vapor pressure, and hydrolysis of bistrifluron benzoylphenylurea insecticide developed in Korea, were measured based on OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals and Toxic Substances Control Act Test guidelines. Water solubility was low showing 30 ${\mu}g/l$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and in hydrolysis study, half-life at $20^{\circ}C$ was 10.9 days (pH 9.0) and was stable in pH 7.0 solution. At $40^{\circ}C$ hydrolysis rate was 20.6 days (pH 7.0) and 1.5 days (pH 9.0). The vapor pressure of bistrifluron was not obtained from vapor pressure experiments at $25^{\circ}C$ because the bistrifluron was not detected. Therefore, the vapor pressure was determined to be ${\leq}\;2.05{\times}10^{-8}$ torr which was calculated to apply the detection limit (50 ng) of bistrifluron. And this value is suggests it would not give environmental contamination by volatilization.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1990

Uranium solubilities have been calculated for a range of conditions expected in a nuclear waste disposal repository. Variables taken into consideration include the pH and Eh range expected for deep groundeaters, the effect of the composition of groundwater. The model used in these calculations is based on the assumption of chemical equilibrium. Calculations show that the major variables influencing uranium solubility under the repository conditions are pH and Eh. The results of this study can be applied to an assessment of the nuclear waste disposal.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.215.3-216
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• 2003

Eupatilin is a major active component of Stillen\ulcorner(Artemisia Herba Extract) having a potent antigastritic effect. We investigated the physical properties of eupatilin using high performance liquid chromatography. Solubility, stability & partition coefficient of eupatilin were investigated. pH-stability of eupatilin was examined over the broad range through pH1-9 at 37$^{\circ}C$ & it has good stability above the broad range pH. The solubility of eupatilin was extremely low but the value of logP was more than 2. Also, a high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of eupatilin in rat plasma. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.619-624
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• 1995

Sesame protein concentrate(SPC) was prepared from defatted sesame flour(DSF) at several different pH(2.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0) for protein extraction. Some of their functional properties were determined in order to compare the effects of pH during preparation of concentrates. Compared with DSF, nitrogen solubility was markedly improved in all SPC, and SPC extracted at pH 11.0 showed the highest solubility at all pH leaves examined. Fatabsorption was increased in all SPC prepared, but water absorption was decreased as the extraction pH of protein increased. The emulsifying properteis and foaming properties of SPC were remarkably higher than DSF. As the extraction pH of protein was increased, the emulsion activity was also increased, but emulsion stability was decreased. SPC extracted at pH 7.0 showed the highest foaming capacity on the other hand, the highest foaming stability was shown in SPC extracted at pH 2.0. As the protein extraction pH increased, the viscosity of the protein solution was increased. SPC extracted at pH 11.0 showed highest viscosity at all protein concentrations tested.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.925-929
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• 1996

Uranyl hydrolysis precipitates were obtained by increasing pH value of aqueous uranyl solution in the range of neutral to alkaline pH value and their phase transformation during the solubility experiment under various conditions has been examined. The precipitates formed in the hydrolysis reaction of uranyl ion had a layered structure such as a meta-schoepite phase, a schoepite structure, or a mixed phase of meta-schoepite and schoepite. Phase transformation between them was strongly dependent on the pH value at which the precipitate was formed. The distance between the layers in meta-schoepite or schoepite phase was ∼7.35 Å, and it was increased with the pH value at which the precipitate was synthesized as well as the pH values of the aqueous solution. The phase transformation from a meta-schoepite to schoepite was fast for the precipitates formed at low pH values, however, it was not the case for the precipitates formed at high pH values. A small difference of pH value in aqueous solution gave a great change on its solubilities near pH 9.7, because a layered structure of the precipitates became amorphous above that pH value. Greater solubility for the precipitate formed at higher pH value can be explained from the fact that the precipitates formed at low pH value had a better crystallinity and also that the precipitates formed at higher pH value has a slower rate of crystallization.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1993

To extract insoluble proteins of sesame meal residue by using microorganism, the sesame meal residue was treated with crude enzyme solution from Bacillus sp. CW-1121. It was found that the solubility reached to maximum at pH 7.5, $45^{\circ}C$. Under optimum condition, the nitrogen solubility with the enzyme solution from Bacillus sp. CW-1121 reached to 60% in 2 hours. Nitrogen solubility of protein from sesame meal showed minimum value at pH 4.5 and significantly increased above pH 6.0. When the protein from sesame meal extracted with Bacillus sp. CW-1121 was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, water soluble protein was showed 4 bands and salt soluble protein was showed 2 bands. The amino acid composition of water soluble protein, salt soluble protein and free amino acid indicated relatively high contents of serine (17.24 mg/g), glutamic acid (10.77 mg/g) and glutamic acid (6.55 mg/g). Specially, the contents of essential amino acids were high.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2022

To improve the solubility of β-carotene, three types of β-carotene-loaded nanocapsules were prepared using chitosan (CS) and two cross-linkers, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and hyaluronic acid (HA), alone or in combination (CS-TPP, CS-TPP-HA, and CS-HA). The entrapment efficiency of all nanocapsules significantly increased with an increase in TPP and HA, with the efficiency ranging from 95% to 99%. The solubility of β-carotene was significantly improved by CS nanoencapsulation before and after lyophilization and during storage. CS/HA nanoencapsulation significantly improved (by 11-fold) the water solubility of β-carotene. In particular, CS/HA nanoencapsulation was the most effective in terms of not only the solubility of β-carotene, but also the redispersibility ratio. Therefore, CS/HA encapsulation could be useful for improving the solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients, such as β-carotene.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify the effect of chilling temperature (-3 and $6^{\circ}C$) and aging (1- and 7-day) on objective meat quality, collagen solubility, and free amino acids in pork (longissimus muscle of Yorkshire). Warner-Bratzler (WB)-shear force indicated that variation in chilling temperature had no detectable effect on meat tenderness and tenderization during the 7-day aging period. Among the 13 detected free amino acids, only 3 amino acids (histidine, valine, leucine) were significantly affected by the temperature treatment (p<0.05). Collagen solubility was significantly increased at $6^{\circ}C$ treatment (p<0.05). There was a significant linear relationship (r=0.67, p<0.05) between changes in free amino acids and WB-shear force during the 7-day aging period. These results confirmed that chilling conditions had significantly affected collagen solubility, and meat tenderization occurred in direct proportion to an increase in free amino acids.