• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of table tennis program on self efficacy, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipids, catalase activity in the physical disabilities. Method: Physical disabilities were allocated to one of two groups: control group (n=7), experiment group (n=8). The experiment group took table tennis program four times a week for 12 weeks. Self efficacy was measured by questionnaire. Serum lipid profiles, catalase and cardiopulmonary function were checked after the exercise program and compared with pre-exercise data. Result: Self efficacy was significantly higher in the table tennis group. Maximum oxygen consumption and forced vital capacity were significantly increased and heart rate at rest was decreased in the table tennis group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in the table tennis group. There was no significant change in catalase activity between two groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that table tennis program has positive effects on the health of the physical disabilities by improving the self efficacy and cardiopulmonary function and serum cholesterol profile.

• 센서학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

This paper describes a real time reliable monitoring method and analysis system using wrist type oximeter for ubiquitous healthcare service based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Photoplethysmograph(PPG) is simple and cost effective technique to measure blood volume change. In order to obtain and monitor physiological body signals continuously, a small size and low power consumption wrist type oximeter is designed for the measurement of oxygen saturation of a patient unobtrusively. The measured data is transferred to a central PC or server computer by using wireless sensor nodes in wireless sensor network for storage and analysis purposes. LabVIEW server program is designed to monitor stress indicator from heart rate variability(HRV) and process the measured PPG to accelerated plethysmograph(APG) by appling second order derivatives in server PC. These experimental results demonstrate that APG can precisely describe the features of an individual's PPG and be used as estimation of vascular elasticity for blood circulation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-151
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• 1970

A new method of plastic film coating has been investigated to extend storage life of apples. The film coating was effected by dipping fresh apples in a plastic emulsion. The effect of plastic film coating on the preservation of freshness, respiratory activities and chemical components during storage, has been investigated on four leading varieties of apples. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The effect of film coating on storage life of apples was apparent, resulting in delay of after-ripening, shriveling, softening or physiological impediment as well as reducing consumption of reserve materials and waste fruits. 2. Change in the partial pressure of gas, i.e., increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen in apple tissue was resulted by the plastic film coating, suggesting that the film deposited on the fruit interfered with the diffusion of gases formed therein. 3. The effects of plastic film coating on the fruit storage varied with the type of plastic emulsions, coating temperature, varieties of apples and degree of fruit ripening. As regard to apple varieties, good results were obtained with PVA 217 for both American Summer Pearmain and Jonathan, and PVC 443 for McIntosh. 4. Reduction in the diminution rates of L-malic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble pectin etc. during storage of apples may account for the improved storage life of the fruits treated with plastic films.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.63-66
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• 2008

Not only mechanical properties, bonding properties, electro chemical properties, etc. but also fire safety is required in patch repair materials such as polymer modified cement mortar (PCM) which are used to deteriorated reinforced concrete structure. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to choice the appropriate repair materials because there are not enough information about fire safety properties of PCM. In this study, The combustion characters of PCM were evaluated through the heat release rate test and non-combustibility test. The pyrogenicity test uses the cone calorimeter based on the oxygen consumption method. The non-combustibility test is from the temperature change inside the furnace during the test. The effect of the types of polymer and polymer content were evaluated from the series of test. The results are like followings. 1) The higher the W/C of PCM, the lower the gross calorific value and heat generation rate in the heat release rate test. The amount of heat generation of PCM is like the order of VVA, EVA, and SBR in this study. 2) Some materials such as E45-100, E50-100, E60-100, S50-50, and S50-100 were estimated as not appropriate building materials in the non combustibility test.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2016

Recently laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging has become a widely used optical method for in vivo assessment of blood flow in the animal brain. LSC imaging is useful for monitoring brain hemodynamics with relatively high spatio-temporal resolution. A speckle contrast imaging system has been implemented with electrical sensory stimulation apparatus. LSC imaging is combined with optical intrinsic signal imaging in order to measure changes in cerebral blood flow as well as neural activity in response to electrical sensory stimulation applied to the hindlimb region of the mouse brain. We found that blood flow and oxygen consumption are correlated and both sides of hindlimb activation regions are symmetrically located. This apparatus could be used to monitor spatial or temporal responses of cerebral blood flow in animal disease models such as ischemic stroke or cortical spreading depression.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

This paper proposes a modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) type membrane bioreactor (MBR) as a method of treatment for wastewater from food waste disposer. Micro-membrane filtration allows for an extremely low concentration of suspended solids in the effluent. The effluent of the reactor in question is characterized by a relatively high level of non-biodegradable organics, containing a substantial amount of soluble microbial products and biomass. Results obtained in this paper by measurement of membrane fouling are consistent with biomass concentration in the reactor, as opposed to chemical oxygen demand (COD). The MLE process is shown to be effective for the treatment of wastewater with a high COD/N ratio of 20, resulting in are markedly high total nitrogen removal efficiency. Denitrification could be improved at a higher internal recycle ratio. Despite the low concentration of influent phosphorus, the phosphorus concentration of the outflow is seen to be relatively high. This is because outflow phosphorous concentration is related to COD consumption, and the process operates at along solids retention time.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.511-516
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• 1992

연구배경 : 장기적 흡연이 폐암이나 만성폐쇄성폐질환등의 폐질환 및 여러 심장질환의 위험인자인 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 흡연이 단기적으로 운동시 호흡기 및 심혈관계 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 흡연시에는 일산화탄소를 흡입하으로, 일산화탄소 흡입후 운동시에 나타나는 호흡수, 심박수, 호흡량 및 심장출량의 증가와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 흡연후 운동시에도 관찰될 것으로 예상된다. 목적 : 흡연의 운동부하시 심폐기능에 대한 단기적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 흡연자 13명을 대상으로 시간당 3개피를 5시간 흡연한 흡연일 및 흡연하지 않고 100% 산소를 15분간 흡입한 금연일을 무작위 순서로 정하여 두 번 단계적 운동부하 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상자 13명의 평균 연령은 $25{\pm}4.9$세, 평균 흡연력은 $6{\pm}5$ pack-years였고, 금연일과 흡연일간 일반 폐기능검사의 결과에는 차이가 없었다. 혈중 일산화 탄소혈색소량의 평균은 금연일 $1.45{\pm}0.83%$, 흡연일에 $5.97{\pm}1.34%$로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 무산소역치는 금연일 $1.53{\pm}0.20$ L/min, 흡연일에 $1.33{\pm}0.24$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05) 최대산소섭취량은 금연일 $2.39{\pm}0.32$ L/min, 흡연일에 $2.09{\pm}0.32$ L/min로서 흡연일에 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 안정시 심박수는 금연일에 분당 $75.46{\pm}5.83$회, 흡연일에 분당 $84.38{\pm}11.06$회로서 흡연일에 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05) 최대심박수는 금연일에 $160.38{\pm}9.09$회, 흡연일에 $161.23{\pm}8.09$회로서 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 일반 폐기능검사는 양일간에 차이가 없었으나 금연일에 비해 흡연일에 무산소역치와 최대산소섭취량의 감소가 관찰되어 흡연은 단기적으로 운동부하시 심혈관계장애를 초래한다고 사료되었다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.155-172
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• 2015

In this study, a complete set of recirculating cooling water system and the required instruments were built in a semi-industrial-scale and a 50 g/h ozone generation plant and a chlorine system were designed for cooling water treatment. Both chlorination and ozonation treatment methods were studied and the results were analyzed during two 45-days periods. The concentrations of ozone and chlorine in recirculating water were constant at 0.1 mg/lit and 0.6 mg/lit, respectively. In ozone treatment, by increasing the concentration cycle to 33%, the total water consumption decreased by 26% while 11.5% higher energy efficiency achieved thanks to a better elimination of bio-films. In case of Carbon Steel, the corrosion rate reached to 0.012 mm/yr and 0.025 mm/yr for the ozonation and chlorination processes, respectively. Furthermore, consumptions of the anti-corrosion and anti-sedimentation materials in the ozone cooling water treatment were reduced about 60% without using any oxidant and non-oxidant biocides. No significant changes in sediment load were seen in ozonation compared to chlorination. The Chemical Oxygen Demand of the blow-down in ozonation method decreased to one-sixth of that in the chlorination method. Moreover, the soluble iron and water turbidity in the ozonation method were reduced by 97.5% and 70%, respectively. Although no anaerobic bacteria were seen in the cooling water at the proper concentration range of ozone and chlorine, the aerobic bacteria in chlorine and ozone treatment methods were 900 and 200 CFU/ml, respectively. The results showed that the payback time for the ozone treatment is about 2.6 years.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

고정화효소와 산소전극 시스템을 이용한 효소센서를 제작하여 식품 중의 당, 유기산, 알코올 성분을 동시 측정 하였다. 효소가 기질과 반응하여 소비한 산소의 변화량이 전압차이로 나타나므로 시간당 전압 감소량이 최대인 값으로부터 각 성분의 농도를 측정하였으며, 이때 1분내에 최대기울기를 구할 수 있어 신속한 측정이 가능하였다. 효소의 고정화 지지체로는 nylon cloth를 사용하였고, asymmetrical coupling 방법에 의하여 기질 작용 순으로 위치하도록 효소를 고정화하였다. 한 개의 양극과 6개의 음극으로 제작된 multiple cathode system으로 포도당, 젖산, 에탄올 성분을 동시 측정할 수 있는 효소 센서를 제작하였다. 위의 센서 제작을 위하여 mutarotase과 glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase/alcohol oxidase와 catalase가 각기 사용되었다. 이들 효소센서의 최적조건은 $pH\;7.0,\;40^{\circ}C$의 0.1 M 인산완충용액이었으며 각 효소 센서의 방해물질을 알아 보기 위하여 여러 가지 당과 각종 유기산, 알콜류에 대한 효소 감응도를 살펴 본 결과 포도당 센서에서 유기산의 영향을 제외하고는 10% 내외였다. 따라서 포도당과 유기산을 동시 측정하기 위하여 포도당/젖산의 영향을 고려한 적절한 보정관계식을 도입하여 순수한 유리당과 유기산의 값을 측정할 수 있었다. 제작된 효소센서의 검증을 위하여 분광광도법. HPLC, GC를 이용한 결과, 분석방법간에 높은 상관관계를 보여 주었다. 아울러 각 효소센서의 안정성을 살펴본 결과 알코올 센서를 제외하고는 30일 이후에도 80%이상 효소감응도가 유지되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.602-610
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• 2008

Purpose Acrylamide is present in significant quantities in a wide range of commonly consumed human foods. Carcinogenic risk of acrylamide through the consumption of food is a great public concern and in controversy, but it is not properly addressed due to the lack of evidence in humans. While a plenty of data is available on the carcinogenicity in animal models, the studies in humans are limited. Thus, the present study attempted to examine the carcinogenic potentials of acrylamide on the human epithelial cell, which is the target cell origin of the most cancers. Material and method & Result 1. Acrylamide was not cytotoxic up to $100{\mu}M$ as measured by MTT and LDH assays, indicating a relatively low toxicity of this substance in human epithelial cells. 2. The parameters of neoplastic cellular transformation such as cell saturation density, soft-agar colony formation and cell aggregation were analyzed to examine the carcinogenic potential of acrylamide. 3. The neoplastic transformation was further increased with the co-treatment of TPA 4. Antioxidants blocked the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) and the GSH depleting agent dramatically increased the ROS production. 5. mRNA levels of fibronectin following acrylamide exposure was increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a possible biomarker of acrylamide-induced cellular transformation. Conclusion The present study will provide a valuable basis to compare the interspecies differences in response to carcinogenic potentials of acrylamide. The data on the interspecies differences are essential element in human risk assessment. Thus, our results obtained from the human epithelial cells will contribute to improving the risk assessment of human neoplasm including oral cancer.