• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.679-686
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• 2010

To investigate the contribution of macroalgae to biogeochemical nutrients and carbon cycles, we measured the uptake rates of nutrients and $CO_2$ by Undaria pinnatifida using an incubation method in an acrylic chamber. From January to March 2010, U. pinnatifida was sampled at Ilkwang, a well-known area of macroalgae culture in Korea. The initial and final concentrations of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and pH of the chamber water were measured, and production/uptake rates were calculated using concentration changes, chamber volume, and incubation time. The production rate of dissolved oxygen by U. pinnatifida (n = 32) was about $5.4{\pm}4.0\;{\mu}mol\;g_{fw}^{-1\;}h^{-1}$. The uptake rate of total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC), calculated by total alkalinity and pH, was $7.9{\pm}6.5\;{\mu}mol\;g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. Nutrients uptake averaged $141.7{\pm}119.2$ nmol N $g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ and $15.0{\pm}9.1$ nmol P $g_{fw}^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. A positive linear correlation ($r^2$ = 9.6) existed between the production rate of dissolved oxygen and the uptake rate of total dissolved inorganic carbon, suggesting that these two factors serve as good indicators of U. pinnatifida photosynthesis. The relationships between fresh weight and uptake rates of nutrients and $CO_2$ suggested that younger specimens (<~50 g fresh weight) are much more efficient at nutrients and $CO_2$ uptake than are specimens >50 g. The amount of carbon uptake by the total biomass of U. pinnatifida in Korea during the year of 2008 was about 0.001-0.002% of global ocean carbon uptake. Thus, more research should be focused on macroalgae-based biogeochemical cycles to evaluate the roles and contributions of macroalgae to the global carbon cycle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen uptake was measured in twenty-eight middle-aged men aged 45.0 (range: 40.3-50.7) years and fourteen middle-aged women aged 40.5 (range: 34.3-47.5) years by means of a treadmill test. The physique of subjects were:mean skinfold thickness at 4 sites, namely, back, arm, waist and abdomen was 7.59 mm in men and 14.5 mm in women; total body fat estimated from the mean skinfold thickness, 11.9% fat in men and 25.5% fat in women. The detailed observations are as follows: 1. Maximal oxygen uptake expressed on any reference unit in men was greater than that of women. The values of men to women were: 2.61 to 1.92l/min., 45.1 to 37.0 ml/min./kg, 51.8 to 46.5 ml/min./kg lean body mass (LBM), 15.7 to 12.6 ml/min./cm body height. 2. Maximal pulmonary ventilation in men was 80.2 l/min. and 63.5 l/min. in women. 3. There was a correlation of fairly high degree between maximal oxygen uptake and body weight, namely, r=0.56 in men and r=0.79 in women. The correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and lean body mass also was fairly high, namely, r=0.58 in men and r=0.69 in women. 4. The correlation between maximal pulmonary ventilation and body weight or lean body mass was r=0.51 and r=0.25 in middle-aged men and r=0.41 and r=0.19 in middle-aged women, respectively. 5. Maximal heart rate in men was 176.4 beat/min. and it was 183.9 beat/min. in women. 6. Maximal oxygen pulse in men was 14.6 ml/beat and 9.5 ml/beat in women. 7. Aerobic work capacity of korean middle-aged men and women maintained the same level as that of young men and women, respectively, as shown by maximal oxygen uptake expressed ml/min./kg or ml/min./kg lean body mass.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2014

하수처리장을 운영함에 있어 안정적인 방류수질 확보와 이에 따른 처리 비용을 최소화하는 것이 주요 목적이다. 하지만 유입수 유량 및 성분 농도의 변화와 미생물의 비선형적인 동특성, 기타 환경 요인에 의해서 최적의 운전 제어를 하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에, 기존의 하수처리장에서는 필요한 양 이상의 폭기 및 화학물질을 과량 주입하는 방법 등을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 포기조에서 미생물에 필요한 용존산소농도는 유지하면서 과폭기로 인한 전력 비용을 감소하는 최적 제어 방법을 제안하였다. 하수조성와 포기조 미생물의 호흡률은 실시간 미생물 호흡률 측정기(Oxygen uptake rate, OUR)를 이용하여 측정하였고, 실시간 호흡률 측정값을 바탕으로 현재 미생물에 필요한 최적 DO 농도를 제안하였다. 유입수 부하변동에 따라 변화하는 미생물 호흡에 필요한 산소량 만큼만 폭기하도록 구성함으로써, 방류수 수질기준을 만족함과 동시에 전력 비용을 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.134-137
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• 1977

The most efficient method for reducing the organic content of dilute liquid waste is by aerobic-biological treatment. Basically, the organisms responsible for treatment possess the ability to decompose complex organic compounds and to use the energy so liberated for their bodily functions: reproduction, growth, locomotion and so on. That part of organic matter used to produce energy is converted to the essentially stable end products of carbon dioxide, water and ammonia, while the remainder is converted to new cells which can be settled and thus removed from the liquid before the waste is discharged to the receiving body water. Oxygen must be supplied continuously during the aerobic process. In the field of sewage treatment the Warburg respirometer is used mainly for the measurement of the oxygen uptake of samples. In this experiment the Warburg constant volume respirometer was used to determine the oxygen uptake by bacteria in the presence of various glucose concentrations. The rate of oxygen uptake by the bacteria was expressed as the respiratory quotient. The result indicated that the oxygen uptake was proportional to the glucose concentration. The expecting equation of the regression line was Y=7.7+0.12X where Y: respiratory quotient, ${\mu}l.\;O_2$ taken up/mg. dry wt. bacterium/hr. X: concentration of glucose, mg/l

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1972

On 6 healthy adult males aged 20-30 years, oxygen pulse was observed during carrying sand bags weighing 10, 20 and 30 kg on a level treadmill running with speeds of 3, 4 and 5 km/hr. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Oxygen pulse during load carrying on a level treadmill was proportionately increased with an increase of work load, average oxygen uptake per minute. Regression equation of oxygen pulse (y: $m\iota$/beat) on the average oxygen uptake (x:$\iota$/min) required for each grade of work was expressed as y=3.34x+5.99, $s_{y.x}=0.858$). 2. Oxygen pulse reached the highest value 2-5 minutes after the start of load carrying, and thereafter it decreased gradually to some extend as the load carrying was continued. Rate of decrease in the oxygen pulse was greater in lighter works. 3. In lighter works requiring less than $2.0\iota/min$ of oxygen uptake, no difference in oxygen pulse could be seen between methods of carrying even when the same amount of load was carried. In heavier works requiring more than $2.0\iota/min$ of oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse was larger in case of carrying a load by embrace, in both hands and on head than on back or on shoulder.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to give PP(polypropylene) fabric a good affinity for water. Oxygen plasma was treated to PP fabrics in a commercial glow discharge reactor with different RF power, discharge pressure, and reaction time. The PP fiber surfaces were characterized by the measurement of contact angle and ESCA. A JEOL scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of fibers. The spontaneous water uptake amount of PP fabrics was determined by the demand wettability test. To determine the effect of aging on the surface properties of $O_2$ plasma treated PP, all the above measurements of the samples were carried out after 1, 7, 30, 60, and 150 days. The results are as follows. The PP fiber surfaces treated by $O_2$ plasma treatment have a chemical composition that consisted of various oxygen containing polar groups. Consequently, the contact angles of the treated PP fibers decreased, which improved the water uptake rate of PP fabrics. Surface roughness of the treated PP affected the fabric wettabiity as well. Wettability of the treated PP decreased and leveled off with aging. The $O_2$ plasma treatment is a simple and effective method to increase the water uptake rate of PP fabrics.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.58.1-58.1
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• 2007

See Full Text

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Qigong training after physical training stress in untrained college students For this study, 6 voluntary subjects(male 4, female 2) were chosen in untrained students of K University. they were trained by teachers during 6 weeks and tested just before Qingong training and after 6 weeks. Each subject was performed a treadmill exercise(model Q65, Quinton Co, U.S.A.) to the all-out state. During exercise stress test, electrocardiogram, heart rate were checked by stress test monitor(model Q4500, Quinton Co, U.S.A) and also oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen uptake analyzed continuously by automatic gas analysis(model QMC, Quinton Co, U.S.A). During physical training the serum were collected 3 times, pre-experimental rest time, and serum catecholamine were measured by HPLC.T-test of statistical analysis system was used in every experiment for statistical assessment. The results of T-test on these data were summarized as follow:1.Heart rate change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was shown more decreasing tendency than before training. Especially, heart rate change after Qigong training during resting periods was decreased significantly than before training.2. Oxygen uptake change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was shown more increasing tendency than before training, And also maximal oxygen uptake after Qigong training was shown more increasing tendency than before 6 weeks.3. Epinephrine level of after Qigong training was more decreased significantly than before training in all-out state. And norepinephrine level of after Qigong training was shown more decreasing tendency than before training in all-out state and after 30 minutes rest time. Above results indicate that Qigong training for 6 weeks could be effective to elevate the cardiopulmonary functions and diminish the stress responses of the physical stress.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2007

산소를 많이 소비하는 발효공정일수록 배양액중의 용존산소의 농도가 목적생산물의 생산성에 많은 영향을 주는 경우가 많다. 때문에 고농도 발효에 앞서, 발효조의 sparging hole로부터 임펠러 높이에 따른 산소전달 능력을 알아본 결과 공기공급이 1 vvm, 교반속도가 600 rpm에서 산소전달계수($K_La$)는 2.67($min^{-1}$)으로 가장 높았다. 배양 시 용존산소 농도를 20% 이상 유지시켰을 때 온도에 따른 k6ub/IFN-${\alpha}1$ 생성은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 세포증식을 하고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 IPTG로 Induction 하였을 때 발현율이 6.43mg/ml로 total protein의 37%로 가장 많은 양이 발현되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 용존산소 농도에 따른 k6ub/IFN-${\alpha}1$의 발현양은 용존산소 농도가 35%일 때 가장 높은 수율을 나타냈다. 용존산소량은 산소소비 속도를 측정함으로써 정확한 임계점을 찾을 수 있었는데 용존산소량이 35% 유지될 때 산소 전달 속도와 비교하여 가장 적당한 산소공급량임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1989

Quadrupole mass spectrometer를 이용한 발효 배기가스의 분석을 통해 세포의 증식을 on-line monitoring하고자 model 균주로 Candida utilis에 대해 연구하였다. Quadrupole mass spectrometer와 interface된 16-bit 개인용 컴퓨터 (IBM PC-AT)에서 산소 소비속도(OUR)와 이산화탄소 발생속도(CER)를 on-line 계산할 수 있었고 계속해서 이들 계산치로부터 세포농도와 증식속도 및 비증식속도를 계산하였다. 계산된 값들은 실험적으로 측정한 세포농도 및 비증식속도와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.