• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

A chlorine gas is a common irritant and when exposed, it result in mild occular, oropharyngeal, or respiratory symptoms. In severe case, however, it may result in pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, or respiratory failure. We report the case of 29-year-old and 46-year-old men is accidentally exposed to chlorine gas during cleaning water. The patients complained dyspnea, chest tightness, cough and both eye pain. During hospitalization, they were treated with inhalation of humidified oxygen, beta-adrenergic agonist and $2\%$ sodium bicarbonate. After several days, patients were discharged without respiratory symptoms and complication. In treatment of chlorine gas toxicity the inhalation of sodium bicarbonate is a possible initial therapy can improve respiratory symptoms in spite of lack of evidence.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

The effects of scald bum Injury ($40-45\%$ of total body surface area), there were not inhalation and secondary infection, on the histological changes and the levels of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in liver tissue of rat models. It was found that dermal epithelium was left out with edema of dermis layer and hydorpic swelling of hepatocytes, Burn injury increased liver weight (L.W./B.W.) and serum aspartate aminotransferase content (pThe data of this study suggest that liver damage Induced by scald burn injury leads to dysbalance of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 1991

Splanchnic nerve block with neurolytics has been used to control the upper abdominal cancer pain. This gastric cancer case with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complained of upper abdominal pain, severe dyspnea and orthopnea. He maintained a sitting position most of the time with nasal oxygen inhalation because he could not remain in a supine or prone position. We performed the unilateral splanchnic nerve alcohol block under right lateral position at the T12 and L1 vertebral level. For a short time after the block, he required oxygen inhalation therapy. Three months after unilateral alcohol block, he is still alive without severe abdominal pain and severe dyspnea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.359-362
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• 2011

There is a delicate balance between too little and too much supplemental oxygen exposure in premature infants. Since underuse and overuse of supplemental oxygen can harm premature infants, oxygen saturation levels must be monitored and kept at less than 95% to prevent reactive oxygen species-related diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At the same time, desaturation below 80 to 85% must be avoided to prevent adverse consequences, such as cerebral palsy. It is still unclear what range of oxygen saturation is appropriate for premature infants; however, until the results of further studies are available, a reasonable target for pulse oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) is 90 to 93% with an intermittent review of the correlation between $SpO_2$ and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen tension ($PaO_2$). Because optimal oxygenation depends on individuals at the bedside making ongoing adjustments, each unit must define an optimal target range and set alarm limits according to their own equipment or conditions. All staff must be aware of these values and adjust the concentration of supplemental oxygen frequently.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1223-1235
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• 1998

연구배경 : 급성호흡곤란증후군(ARDS) 환자의 폐 산소화를 개선시키기 위한 보조적 치료법인 복와위 자세에서의 인공환기는 대상 환자의 약 61%에서, 흡입 산화질소 투여는 60-80%에서 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 산소화 호전의 주된 기전은 복와위시는 이환이 심한 등쪽 폐의 환기 호전에 의한 단락 감소이며, 산화질소 투여 시는 이환부위로부터 정상 폐포로의 폐 혈류의 재분포에 의한 단락 감소안 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로 복와위와 산화질소의 병용 치료 시 산소화 개선에 상승 효과를 기대할 수 있으나 이에 관한 임상 연구는 없었다. 이에 저자들은 ARDS환자에서 두 치료의 병합이 가스 교환 및 혈류 역학에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방 법 : ARDS 환자 12명(연령 $56{\pm}12$ 세, 남 : 여=9 : 3)을 대상으로 앙와위에서 호흡 및 혈류역학적 지표를 측정한 후 복와위로 전환하였다. 복와위 30분과 2시간에 동일 지표들을 측정한 뒤 산화질소를 투여하고 (5-10 ppm), 이후 30분, 2 시간 및 산화질소 투여 중단 후 10분에 각각 동일 지표들을 재 측정하였다. 결 과 : 가스 교환 지표 : 복와위에서 산화질소 병용 치료시, 앙와위 및 복와위에서보다 $PaO_2/FiO_2$가 증가되었고(각각 p< 0.01) 폐동맥혈 산소분압차($AaDO_2$)는 감소하였다(각각 p<0.005). 호흡 역학적 지표 : 폐 탄성, 호흡기계 탄성, 기도 저항 및 흡기말 기도압은 치료 방법에 따른 차이가 없었다. 혈류 역학적 지표 : 복와위에서 산화질소 병용 치료시, 앙와위 및 복와위에서보다 심 박출량 및 조직산소전달량($DO_2$)이 증가되었으며(각 P< 0.05), 폐혈관 저항, 평균 폐동맥압 및 폐동맥쐐기압은 감소되었다(각 P< 0.05). 결 론 : 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자에서 복와위 및 산화질소 홉업의 병용 치료는 복와위 단독 치료에 비해 폐산소화 호전에 상승 작용이 있으며, 조직으로의 산소 전달량도 증가시키므로 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자의 보조적인 치료법으로써 유용할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1408-1413
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• 1997

저자들은 1997년 2월 조명공장에서 우연히 누출된 이산화질소 흡입 6시간만에 호흡곤란과 함께 폐부종 소견을 보인 환자를 체험하였기에 이에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop standards to ensure nursing process-based care of oxygen therapy and airway suctioning and to develop a performance measurement tool to evaluate the care applied according to the standards, and finally to determine validity of the standards and the tool. Methods: The standards and the tool were reviewed by a panel of experts and refined based on the panel's suggestions. Validity of the standards and the tool were examined through surveying a total of 366 hospital nurses. Results: The mean validity scores of the performance measurement standards and the tool were 3.58 and 3.55, respectively, out of 4.00. So the performance measurement standards and the tool in this study were found to be acceptable in evaluating quality of nursing care provided at patient admission and discharge. Conclusion: This result indicates that the performance measurement standards and the tool developed in this study are valid instruments to monitor and improve quality of nursing care for oxygen therapy and airway suctioning.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 1993

연구배경 : 장기간의 저농도 산소요법은 저산소혈증을 가진 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자들의 생존율을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 삶의 질을 향상시킨다. 저자들은 재택산소요법을 시행하는 환자의 실태를 알아보고 효과적인 개선책을 알아보기 위하여 추적관찰중인 환자 26예에 대한 임상적 관찰을 하였다. 방법 : 대상환자는 경북대학병원 호흡기내과에서 진료를 받고 있는 환자 가운데 가정에서 장기간의 저농도 산소요법을 시행하고 있는 남자 18명 여자 8명 이었으며 재택산소요법을 시행하기전에 신체적 특성과 병력, 폐기능검사, 심전도, 동맥혈가스 및 말초 혈액검사 소견들과 사용중인 산소용기의 종류, 하루에 흡입하는 시간, 투여산소의 농도, 그리고 사용기간 및 문제점 등에 대해서 조사하였다. 결과 : 원인질환은 만성폐쇄성폐질환 14예, 중증폐결핵의 후유증 9예, 기관지확장증 2예 그리고 특발성 폐섬유증 1예였다. 산소치료의 시행동기는 폐성심이 21예, 운동시 호흡곤란 및 심한 환기장애 4예, 그리고 수면중 산소포화도가 90%미만인 경우가 1예였다. 치료시작전의 동맥혈가스소견의 평균치는 $PaO_2$ 57.7 mmHg, $PaCO_2$ 48.2 mmHg 및 $SaO_2$ 87.7% 였으며 폐활량의 평균치는 VC 2.05 L, $FEV_1$ 0.92 L, $FEV_1$/FVC% 51.9%였다. 사용중인 산소용기는 산소탱크를 사용하는 경우가 19예, 산소농축기를 사용하는 경우가 1예, 산소탱크와 액화산소를 함께 사용하는 경우가 2예, 그리고 산소탱크와 휴대용산소를 함께 사용하는 경우 4예였다. 산소사용 기간은 1년 미만이 3예, 1년에서 2년이 15예, 3년에서 5년이 6예 그리고 9년, 10년 동안 산소요법을 시행한 경우도 각각 1예씩 있었다. 산소농도는 전예에서 2.5L/min 이하를 사용하고 있었고 하루 사용시간은 10예 만이 15시간 이상을 사용하였고 대부분이 짧은 시간 동안만 산소를 사용하고 있었다. 결론 : 효과적인 산소투여를 위해서는 환자 및 주위의 사람들에게 장기간의 저농도 산소요법에 대한 교육이 필요하며 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 산소용기의 구입을 위한 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권4호
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• pp.455-458
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• 2015

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is a disease entity of excessive reduction of the central airway diameter during exhalation, without cartilage collapse. An 80-year-old female presented with generalized edema and dyspnea at our hospital. The patient was in a state of acute decompensated heart failure due to pneumonia with respiratory failure. We accordingly managed the patient with renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation and antibiotics. Bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of EDAC. We scheduled extubation after the improvement of pneumonia and heart condition. However, extubation failure occurred due to hypercapnic respiratory failure with poor expectoration. Her EDAC was improved in response to high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT). Subsequently, the patient was stabilized and transferred to the general ward. HFNOT, which generates physiologic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) effects, could be an alternative and effective management of EDAC. Further research and clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of HFNOT on EDAC.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to develop and test a home-based discharge program. Methods: The study design was a pretest-posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. Participants were mothers of premature infants on oxygen therapy at home. The participants, 49 mothers, were assigned to either the experimental group (24) or control group (25). Data collection was conducted from September, 2008 through February, 2009. Maternal confidence and anxiety were measured using a questionnaire. Chi-square test, t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analysis the data. Results: Two hypotheses, "Maternal confidence in the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group" and "Perceived anxiety level in the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group", were set up and both hypotheses were supported as there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It suggests that the discharge program developed in this study is an efficient intervention method to boost maternal confidence of the mothers with premature infants and to decrease their anxiety; therefore, this program is expected to be of use in nursing interventions.