• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1977

The maximum relative growth rate of algae treated with Zinc was shown as follows: 15, 8, 6, 3 and -5% per day for the rather sensitive Chlorella sp. populations, or 14, 7, 5 and 4% per day for the Pleurococcus sp. populations, and 22, 20, 13, 9 and 7% per day for the more resistant Scenedesmus spinosus populations, respectively for the culture medium with 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of Zinc treatment. With mixed cultures of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus spinosus populations, the growth of the Chlorella sp. population overcame that of the S. spinomsus population from the cultures treated with relatively low concentration of Zinc. On the contrary, the population growth of the latter resistant species overcame that of the former sensitive species when the concentration of Zinc was above 5 ppm Zn of the medium. This paper describes the results of further investigations of the effects evaluated by direct cell counts method, optical density comparisons, oxygen production and consumption determinations and the measurements of the fate of Zinc treated in the solutions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 1998

HSP104 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to provide thermotolerance when induced by various kinds of stresses, such as a mild heat shock, ethanol, and hypoxia. It helps cells survive at an otherwise lethal temperature. Mechanisms by which HSP104 protein works are yet to be elucidated. In order to understand a molecular basis of thermotolerance due to HSP104 protein induced by a mild heat shock, studies on respiratory pathways were carried out in the wild type as well as in the hsp104 deleted mutant. Especially the degree of 13C-acetate incorporation into glutamate-C4 was examined for both strains using 13C-13C homonuclear spin coupling measurements, since glutamate is in a rapid equilibrium with α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle. In addition, the temperature effects on the rate of 13C incorporation are compared with or without HSP104 protein expressed. Finally, the inhibitory effect of HSP104 on the respiration pathway was confirmed by the measurements of oxygen consumption rates for both strains.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1976

이질퇴적 백합 폐사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 백합을 각 체장별로 구분한 후, 3종의 저질(사, 사이 및 이)과 5종의 구분으로 된 15개의 사육수조에 넣어 폐사율을 조사하였다. 1. 사이질처리군은 사질대조군과 마찬가지로 거의 폐사가 일어나지 않은 반면, 이질처리군은 폐사현상이 현저하였다. 2. 이질처리군의 경우, 폐사는 각장 2.5cm의 치패에서 가장 먼저 일어나고(34일), 폐사율도 가장 높은 (41일에 $85\%$) 반면, 성패에 이를수록 늦게 일어나고 폐사율도 낮았다. 3. 이질처리군의 폐사는 염분에 따라서도 차이가 있었다. 일반적으로 저염분에 이를수록 생존율은 높고, 고염분에 이를수록 낮았다. 4. 아가미 조직 산소소비율은 40일간의 이질처리군과 대조군간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 논리적으로, 백합이 이질퇴적시에 받는 영향은 해수의 수온, 용존산소, 지반의 안정도, 해수중의 부이양 및 조개의 크기등에 따라서 차이가 있으나 상당한 시일이 경과하면 폐사현상이 초래되는 점은 분명하다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 1996

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang on viscousity of mucin solution, pulmonary thromboembolism, oxygen consumption in $O_3$ - exposed and Lung TBA in rats and mice. The result was obtained as follows: 1. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and I nsamyounpaesangami-bang on the rate of viscousity sampled from mucin, Insam-younpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect of decreasinf the rate of viscousity (p<0.05). 2. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on sodium arachidonic acid induced pulmonary thrombo-embolism, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangarnibang were revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival(p<0,05), but were not significant. 3. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on ADP induced pulmonary thromboembolism, Insam-younpaesangamibang were revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival(p<0.05), but were not significant. 4. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on oxygen cansumption values in rats exposed, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect on the care of lung damages (p<0.05), but were not significant by Duncan's multiple comparision test. 5. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on the lung TBA values in rats exposed $-O_3$, Insam-younpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05) on the care of lung damages. In connection with the results of the studies, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang are concluded to be effective on the treatment of cough and lung and respiratory organ damages.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.178-189
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• 2024

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) of pistachio processing industrial wastewater (PPIW) using the continuous EC process. The tubular reactor made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 60 mm was used as a cathode electrode. The effect of some parameters was examined on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiency. The influences of the initial pH of wastewater (from 4 to 8), flow rate (from 25 to 125 mL/min), current density (from 7 to 21 mA/cm²), and supporting electrolyte type (NaCl, NaNO₃, and Na₂SO₄), supporting electrolyte concentration (from 10 to 100 mg/L NaCl) on removal efficiency were investigated to determine the best experimental conditions. The examination of the physico-chemical parameters during the EC treatment showed that the best removal efficiency was obtained under conditions where the flow rate was 25 mL/min (20 min reaction time), the pH value was 5.2, and the current density was 21 mA/cm² has set. Under these experimental conditions, COD and TP removal efficiency were found to be 75% and 97%, respectively, while energy consumption was 18.5 kW h/m³. The study results show that the EC can be applied to PPIW pre-treatment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of low purity methanol (LPM) on performance and smoke emission characteristics by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine with EGR system. The experiments are performed by the change of engine load in the engine load ranges of 25 to 100% with an interval of 25% under the constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. The LPM in the fuel blends contained 24.88% water by volume. The blended fuel ratios of diesel oil to LPM are maintained at 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15% on the volume basis. In this paper, EGR rates are varied in three conditions of 0, 12.8 and 16.5%. The result shows that the brake power of a blended fuel with 15% LPM is reduced more 11.1% than that of the neat diesel oil at the full load with the EGR rate of 16.5%. At this condition, also, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is increased by 3.2%, the exhaust gas temperature is decreased by 10.7%, the smoke opacity is decreased by 18.7% and the brake thermal efficiency is increased by 7.3%. The sharp reduction of smoke opacity for a blended fuel with the LPM content of 15% at the full load without EGR system is observed by 68.4% compared with that of the neat diesel oil due to the high oxygen content of LPM.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

The present study has been conducted to investigate the fire combustion properties and fire behavior of an IEEE-383 qualified flame retardant cable. The reference reaction rate and reference temperature which are commonly used in pyrolysis model of fire propagation process was obtained by the thermo-gravimetric analysis of the cable component materials. The mass fraction of FR-PVC sheath abruptly decreased near temperature range of $250{\sim}260^{\circ}C$ and its maximum reaction rate was about $2.58{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. For the XLPE insulation of the cable, the temperature causing maximum mass fraction change was ranged about $380{\sim}390^{\circ}C$ and it has reached to the maximum reaction rate of $5.10{\times}10^{-3}$[1/s]. The flame retardant cable was burned by a pilot flame meker buner and the burning behavior of the cable was observed during the fire test. Heat release rate of the flame retardant cable was measured by a laboratory scale oxygen consumption calorimeter and the mass loss rate of the cable was calculated by the measured cable mass during the burning test. The representative value of the effective heat of combustion was evaluated by the total released energy integrated by the measured heat release rate and burned mass. This study can contribute to study the electric cable fire and provide the pyrolysis properties for the computational modeling.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1973

Studies of cardiopulmonary function and acid-base balance were performed on 29 dogs during control period, during oligemic hypotension and following return of blood to the animals. Intravenous morphine and local anesthesia were used. Fifteen of the 29 animals survived the complete experiment. The 14 animals that failed to survive the experimental period died between 15 to 90 minutes after the onset of bleeding. The results were as follows. 1. The heart rate increased after the onset of bleeding and failed to return to control level following reinfusion. Stroke volume decreased markedly after bleeding and failed to recover after return of blood from the reservoir. Cardiac output also decreased during oligemic hypotension and was maintained at this level after re-infusion. Total peripheral resistance decreased significantly immediately after bleeding, however it increased soon over the pre-bleeding level. Central venous pressure decreased after the onset of bleeding and remained at lower level for the rest of the experimental period. Arterial blood pressure, clown to 40-45 mmHg by acute hemorrhage, was elevated near to control level. Left ventricular work decreased tremendously during oligemic hypotension and failed to return to control level with the re-infusion of blood. Hematocrit value showed no significant decrease after bleeding and increased after re-infusion. Hemoglobin decreased after the onset of bleeding and recovered to control value after re-infusion. 2. The respiratory rate fell rapidly after bleeding from 124 to 29 and remained at this lower level for the remainder of the experiment. The tidal volume increased after bleeding and was maintained at this level for the remainder of the experiment. The respiratory minute volume showed no significant changes throughout the experimental period. Oxygen consumption fell lightly in all animals during oligemic hypotension and returned to normal levels following re-infusion. Arterial oxygen content and arterial oxygen saturation decreased following bleeding and the values returned to normal levels after the return of blood from the reservoir The arterio-venous oxygen difference increased after the onset of bleeding. It failed to return to normal values following re-infusion. Arterial $Pco_2$ decreased in all animals after the beginning of the bleeding. Partial pressure of $Co_2$ continued to fall until re-infusion, after which the values returned toward normal. Animals became acidotic. The pH fell to lower level following bleeding. Lactic acid and lactate: pyruvate ratio also increased during same period. Arterial pH and lactic acid failed to return to control value and lactate: pyruvate ratio increased more after re-infusion. Sodium bicarbonate decreased after bleeding and returned to control value following re-infusion.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2007

Hydrogen-blending effects in flame structure and NO emission behavior are numerically studied with detailed chemistry in methane-air counterflow diffusion flames. The composition of fuel is systematically changed from pure methane to the blending fuel of methane-hydrogen through $H_2$ molar addition up to 30%. Flame structure, which can be described representatively as a fuel consumption layer and a $H_2$-CO consumption layer, is shown to be changed considerably in hydrogen-blending methane flames, compared to pure methane flames. The differences are displayed through maximum flame temperature, the overlap of fuel and oxygen, and the behaviors of the production rates of major species. Hydrogen-blending into hydrocarbon fuel can be a promising technology to reduce both the CO and $CO_2$ emissions supposing that NOx emission should be reduced through some technologies in industrial burners. These drastic changes of flame structure affect NO emission behavior considerably. The changes of thermal NO and prompt NO are also provided according to hydrogen-blending. Importantly contributing reaction steps to prompt NO are addressed in pure methane and hydrogen-blending methane flames.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.198.1-198.1
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• 2016

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays have promising potential to replace liquid crystal displays (LCDs) due to their advantages of low power consumption, fast response time, broad viewing angle and flexibility. Organic light emitting materials are vulnerable to moisture and oxygen, so inorganic thin films are required for barrier substrates and encapsulations.[1-2]. In this work, the silicon-based inorganic thin films are deposited on plastic substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperature. It is necessary to deposit thin film at low temperature. Because the heat gives damage to flexible plastic substrates. As one of the transparent diffusion barrier materials, silicon oxides have been investigated. $SiO_x$ have less toxic, so it is one of the more widely examined materials as a diffusion barrier in addition to the dielectric materials in solid-state electronics [3-4]. The $SiO_x$ thin films are deposited by a PECVD process in low temperature below $100^{\circ}C$. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was determined by a calcium resistance test, and the rate less than $10.^{-2}g/m^2{\cdot}day$ was achieved. And then, flexibility of the film was also evaluated.