• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.314-326
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• 1996

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Insamyunpye-H wan on viscousity of mucin solution, pulmonary thromboembolism, oxygen consumption in $O_3$-exposed and Lung TBA in rats and mice. The result was obtained as follows : 1. In the effect of viscosity sampled from mucin, Insamyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect of decrease in the rate of viscousity (p<0.01). 2. In the effect of sodium aracdonic acid induced pulmonary thromboembolism, I samyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival, but were not significant 3. In the effect of ADP induced pulmonary thrornboembolism, Insamyunpye-Hw an was revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival, but were not significant 4. In the effect of oxygen cansumption values in rats exposed-$O_3$, Insarnyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05). 5. In the effect of the lung TBA values in rats exposed-$O_3$, Isamyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05). In connection with the results of the studies, Insamyunpye-Hwan is concluded to be effective on the treatment of cough and lung and respiratory organ damages.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.3
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• pp.77-80
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• 2003

An innovative ozonizer has been developed using a high frequency, surface discharge and a high purity Ti-Si-AI ceramic catalyst as a dielectric component. Using a type of thin film, a thin cylindrical compound ceramic catalyst layer was adhered to the outside surface of its inner electrode. An alternating current (AC) exciting voltage with frequencies from 0.6 KHz to 1.0 KHz and peak-to-peak voltages of 4-6 ㎸ was applied between the electrodes to produce a stable high-frequency silent discharge. A substantial reduction of the exciting voltage was also enabled by means of a thin Ti-Si-Al ceramic catalyst tube. As a result, the ozonizer can effortlessly obtain the required ozone concentration (50-60 g/$m^2$ for oxygen) and high ozone efficiency consumption power (180 g/kWh for oxygen) with-out the assistance of any particular methods. For purposes of this experiment, oxygen gas temperature was set at 2$0^{\circ}C$, with an inner reactor pressure of 1.6 atm at 600 Hz and a flow rate of 2 l/min.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.893-900
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• 2003

Numerical simulations of freely propagating flames burning stoichiometric C $H_4$/CHC1$_3$/ $O_2$/$N_2$ mixtures are performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of the $O_2$ enrichment level and the CHC1$_3$/C $H_4$ molar ratio. A chemical kinetic mechanism is developed, which involves 69 gas-phase species and 379 forward and 364 backward reactions. The calculated flame speeds are compared with the experiments for the flames established at several CHC1$_3$/C $H_4$ molar ratio (R<1), the results of which is in excellent agreement. As a results of the increased $O_2$ enrichment level from 0.21 to 1, the flame speed and the temperature in the burned gas are increased. At high CHC1$_3$/C $H_4$ molar ratio two peak values appear on the $O_2$ consumption rate, which are affected by CC1$_2$＋ $O_2$$_{-}$>C1O+CC1O and H＋ $O_2$$_{-}$>O＋OH.＋OH.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2017

Background: Those classified as Tae-Eum (TE)-type people in Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) are prone to obesity. Although extensive clinical observations have confirmed this tendency, the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis using integrative physiology to explain this phenomenon. Methods: Hypoactive lung function in the TE type indicates that respiration is attenuated at the cellular level - specifically, mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Because a functional reduction in cellular energy metabolism is suggestive of intrinsic hypoactivity in the consumption (or production) of metabolic energy, we reasoned that this tendency can readily cause weight gain via an increase in anabolism. Thus, this relationship can be derived from the graph of cellular metabolic power plotted against body weight. We analyzed the clinical data of 548 individuals to test this hypothesis. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the cellular metabolic rate was lower in TEtype individuals and that their percentage of obesity (body mass index >25) was significantly higher compared to other constitutional groups. Conclusion: Lower cellular metabolic power can be an explanation for the obesity trend in TE type people.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.170-178
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• 2005

Multi-hole type oxygen combustion burner was developed for industrial gasification and smelting furnace. We investigated characteristics of flame, radiation transfer, and soot emission in the convectional oxygen burner with respect to the feeding condition of fuel and oxygen. Regarding the results of the conventional burner, we designed new burners which have larger fuel consumption rate and radiation heat transfer. We changed the size and hole number and shape of the exit plane of the burner. In addition, the performance of the burner was tested with respect to the feeding condition of the fuel and air: Normal Diffusion flame(NDF) and Inverse Diffusion Flame(IDF). We investigated the flame configuration, radiation heat transfer, and soot formation by using a CCD camera, heat flux meter, and Laser Induced Incadescence(LII), respectively. The stable operating condition was obtained by the flame configuration and the flame of the burner which has dented exit plane was more stable in whole operating conditions. The characteristics of radiative heat transfer were sensitive to the feeding condition of reactants and the flame of 75% primary oxygen and 25% secondary oxygen of the IDF case shows maximum radiation heat transfer. The soot volume fraction of the flame was measured in the axial direction of the flame and the amount of soot volume fraction is proportion to the radiation heat transfer. As a result, we can get the optimal operating condition of the newly designed burner which enhances the characteristics of flame stabilization and radiation heat transfer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 1979

The effects of temperature and salinity on tile rates of ammonia and amino nitrogen excretion, and oxygen consumption were measured for Crassostrea gigas. There was variability with temperature and salinity changes in both the rates of nitrogen excretion and the proportionality between ,ammonia and amino acids in the excreta, and also in the rates of oxygen consumption. Rates of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption were markedly decreased with increase in salinity, especially at high salinity-high temperature, whereas at low salinity-high temperature condition they were significantly increased. These changes are considered as the responses of physiological tolerances to the high temperature stress and the results of the metabolic temperature compensation at the low salinity-high temperature condition. Most of nitrogenous excretory products was ammonia, and large amounts of amino-nitrogen was excreted, and especially the rate of amino-nitrogen excretion was dominant at $32.5\%_{\circ}-22^{\circ}C$. The amounts of amino-nitrogen excreted by animals were decreased in the medium of high salinity and increased in the medium of low salinity through the experimental temperature. The atomic ratios of oxygen consumed to ammonia-nitrogen excreted (O: N ratio) was low at the low temperature $(15^{\circ}C)$, and was high at $22^{\circ}$ and $29^{\circ}C$ in the medium of 32.5 and $37.5\%_{\circ}$ but low in the low salinity $27.5\%_{\circ}$.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 1999

Ozonization for rearing seawater in land-based culture system has recently been utilized for disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms and improvement of water quality. This study was conducted to examine the effects of total residual oxidants (TRO) in ozone-treated seawater on survival, blood parameters, osmolality and oxygen consumption, and gill tissue of the flounder. Paralichthys olivaceus. Experiments were carried out with the starved flounder of 12~19 cm in total length at $20^{\circ}C$. The 48-hr and 96-hr $LC_{50}$ for the flounder amounts to 26.4 ppb and 22.3 ppb, respectively. With increase of TRO concentration from 24 to 39 ppb, the values of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and osmolality of the flounder with respect to exposure time were significantly elevated, however, the oxygen consumption rates decreased. In the case of the fish exposed to 13 ppb for 96 hrs, blood glucose increased with an elapse of exposure time, while survival rate was 100%. Death apparently resulted by massive destruction of gill lamellar epithelium, severe osmotic imbalance and the lack of oxygen uptake. The results of this experiment indicated that to protect aquaculture organisms, the ozone-treated seawater should not contain any residual oxidants, and that relatively long-term exposure to TRO of low concentration can impact on survival and physiological conditions of the flounder.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.468-478
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermic effects, the macronutrient oxidation rates and the satiety of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Methods: The thermic effects of two meals containing MCT or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) were compared in ten healthy men (mean age $24.4{\pm}2.9years$). Energy content of the meal was 30% of resting metabolic rate of each subject. Metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation rate were measured before the meals and for 6 hours after the meals by indirect calorimetry. Satiety was estimated by using visual analogue scales (VAS) at 8 times (before the meal and for 6 hours after meal). Results: Total thermic effect of MCT meal (42.8 kcal, 8.0% of energy intake) was significantly higher than that (26.8 kcal, 5.1% of energy intake) of the LCT meal. Mean postprandial oxygen consumption was also significantly different between the two types of meals (MCT meal: $0.29{\pm}0.35L/min$, LCT meal: $0.28{\pm}0.27L/min$). There were no significant differences in total postprandial carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates between the two meals. However, from 30 to 120 minutes after consumption of meals, the fat oxidation rate of MCT meal was significantly higher than that of the LCT meal. Comparison of satiety values (hunger, fullness and appetite) between the two meals showed that MCT meal maintained satiety for a longer time than the LCT meal. Conclusions: This study showed the possibility that long-term substitution of MCT for LCT would produce weight loss if energy intake remained constant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.422-432
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• 2004

This study investigated underwear consumption behavior of women, who were 20∼59 years old and resided in Incheon during 2002 summer. 372 women completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed using factor analyses, t-test, ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-analyses. They usually purchased underwear considering comfort and economic factor at a discount store. They wore sleeveless T-shirts, but they didn't wear underpants except panties highly all the year round. Higher rate of them wore pantyhose instead of underpants during autumn, winter and spring. They demanded unstitching of stitches and lengthened sleeves in most of the groups. And older and lowly educated women group wanted widen armhole of upper underwear, and tighten waistband of panties. They generally washed in washing machine using cold water. Besides they added oxygen bleach and softner during wash and final rinse. Older than 20's boil their underwear frequently. The women in a group of boiling commonly answered the looseness of waistband. It is recommended not to boil but to soak with bleach added warm water for improving the whiteness and durability of underwear. For a treatment with higher temperature deprives the elasticity of spandex.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 1970

The effects of Physical exercise, gymnastics and sports on the cardiopulmonary function were studied in the middle and high school toys. The subjects were divided into 4 groups; non-training group and training group in both middle school and high school boys. In the above groups, pulmonary function studies were performed, and blood pressure and the heart rate were also checked to evaluate physical fitness during and immediately after running exercise on the tread-mill, with the speed of 5 MPH and elevation of 9% and 11.25%. The types of sports in the training group were base ball, body building, Taekwondo (Korean style boxing) and hand ball. The results obtained were as followings: 1) In the training group, cardiopulmonary function showed some tendency of the increase comparing to the non-training group. 2) The increase in cardiopulmonary function was observed according to the age became older, but the clear changes on cardiopulmonary function was not observed as the difference of the group between the training and the non-training. 3) The expiratory volume was decreased as the increase of age except 17 years of age for the value of the per kg body weight. 4) In the non-training group, the mean value of oxygen consumption under maximum work load was increased, while those in the training group was decreased. But it may be noted that oxygen consumption for the expiratory volume was increased in the training group, and that the oxygen cost in the training group was .higher than that of the non-training group. 5) The pulse pressure of the high school group during and immediately after running exercise was observed in the higher value comparing with that of the middle school group It was suggested that the changes of the pulse pressure was owing to the method of determination and that to the decrease of diastolic pressure caused by the decrease of peripheral vascular resistance up to critical closing pressure. 6) Any differences of the changes in the heart rate between the training group and non-training group was not observed during and immediately after running exercise. 7) The relative value of the expiratory volume to the heart rate was decreased in the elder age group.