• FOCUS: LIFE SCIENCE
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• no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2024

This article provides detailed instructions for the correct installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of capillary gas chromatography (GC) columns. It emphasizes the importance of proper installation to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the column. The document covers various aspects such as column trimming, installation, conditioning, testing, storage, and ferrule selection. The installation process involves ensuring that the heated zones of the GC are cool before placing the column cage in the column oven. It is essential to avoid sharp bends or stress on the capillary column during installation and to connect the front end of the column into the GC inlet at the recommended insertion distance. The document also provides guidance on trimming the column, including the use of a ceramic wafer or capillary column cutter to achieve a clean, burr-free cut. For previously used columns, it recommends removing any capillary caps, positioning the nut and ferrule, and trimming 1-2 cm from the column. After installation, the column should be purged with carrier gas to remove any oxygen and avoid oxidizing the column. Conditioning the column involves ramping to the upper isothermal temperature limit and maintaining this temperature for a specified duration. It is crucial to maintain carrier gas flow during conditioning and not exceed the upper temperature limit of the column to avoid phase damage. The document also discusses testing column performance using a suitable method and performing a test injection to assess performance. It provides recommendations for column storage, including flame-sealing the capillary ends or using retention gaps for long-term storage. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of routine maintenance and replacement of GC consumables to extend the column's lifetime. Ferrule selection is another important aspect covered in the article, with a variety of ferrule materials available for different applications. The characteristics of common ferrule options are presented in a table, including temperature limits, reusability, and suitability for specific detector types.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1989

Synthesis of spinel pigment on ZnO-Fe2O3 system. The object of this research is the synthesis of new spinel pigments on the basic of ZnO-Fe2O3 system which was substituted by ZnO-Fe2O3 by MgO-Al2O3. This research was progressed by measuring the X-ray diffraction and the reflectances of the substitued ZnO-Fe2O3 group. Which was obtained by sintering at the temperature of 1,00$0^{\circ}C$, 1,10$0^{\circ}C$, 1,20$0^{\circ}C$ and 1,25$0^{\circ}C$ and them by regrinding. In order to coloring test, here basic compositions of Barium glaze, Zinc glaze, Lime glaze, Lead glaze and Talc glaze used in this experiment are obtained from the ceramic work. Adding synthetic stains in these basic glazes with 3%, mixing and glazing on the specimen. The specimens was fired at 1,28$0^{\circ}C$ in reducing and oxidizing atmosphere in the gas kiln. The results of the research as follow. 1. Many kinds of spinel pigment was produced on ZnO-Fe2O3 system that is to say, not always only spinel. 2. Spinel peak was observed strongly on the ZnO-Fe2O3 system withsubstituting by MgO-Fe2O3 and MgO-Al2O3 group(the ratio of MgO, Al2O3 being increased, observed more strongly). 3. The most effective temperature ranges was 1,20$0^{\circ}C$~1,25$0^{\circ}C$. 4. The color of spinel pigments on this system was observed by "stable YR". 5. It was yellow red in oxidizing and green in reducing atmosphere on the coloring test.ring test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.12-18
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• 2014

A study of gas generator Fuel-Rich propellant for air-breathing propulsion system was performed in this paper. General solid propellant comprises a mean of 60% or more oxidizing agents. but, to develop the fuel-rich solid propellant increased the content of the metal fuel and reduced the content of the oxidizing agents by approximately 30%. Very high amount of heat per volume of fuel into the metal having the Boron was used. Amorphous Boron Powder was applied to propellant as beads type and it allowed to design more amount of metal fuel in the fuel-rich propellant. And the Combustion characteristics and properties of fuel-rich solid propellant according to the Boron-bead sizes were confirmed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2015

Microorganisms specifically groups of bacteria exhibiting physiological activities of production of acids are a major cause of concern because of their ability to induce corrosion in oil field pipelines and metal systems involved in water handling. Water Injection Stations as a means of secondary recovery from existing oil producing reservoirs, are often employed in most upstream oil and gas industries to ensure replenishment of voidage, maintenance of reservoir pressure and optimization of crude emulsion throughput. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy of macroscopic orange coloured slime formations sampled from leaking valves on the flow-lines of a Water Injection Stations of Oil India Limited revealed the presence of filamentous bacterial mats in association with diatoms. The species composition of the acidic slime formations from the sampled locations reveal the possible role of acid producing iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB) like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in association with Gomphonema sp. in creating conditions for bio-corrosion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05d
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• pp.25-28
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• 2003

Ozone is a strong and useful oxidizing gas for the fabrication of oxide thin films. In order to obtain high quality oxide thin films, higher ozone concentration is necessary. In this paper an ozone condensation system was evaluated from the viewpoint of an ozone supplier for oxide thin film growth. Ozone was condensed by an adsorption method and the ozone concentration reached 8.5 mol% in 2.5 h after the beginning of the ozone condensation process, indicating high effectiveness of the condensation process. Ozone was continuously desorbed from the silica gel by the negative pressure. We found the decomposition in the ozone concentration negligible if the condensed ozone is transferred from the ozone condensation system to the film growth chamber within a few minutes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.162-166
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• 2005

A thermal resistance estimation of carbon/carbon composites used as the nozzle throat insert of solid rocket motor was performed using TPEM motor. Three types of TPEM motor and two types of propellant were employed. The ablation rate is higher for the higher chamber pressure and also higher for the higher concentration of oxidizing species in combustion gas, but it is lower for the higher material density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 1994

Smoke evolved from burning cellulose insulation treated with boric acid-borax-alum as combustion retardants has been studied using a light absorption method. It has been shown that the quantity of smoke are decreased with the increase of oxygen concentration. Applied fire retardants did not increase smoke generation from investigated cellulose insulation in range of themal degradation without flaming. These same fire retardants increased from in the range of flaming combustion. The results of this work have been analysed using imperical equation, which correlated the smoke density at oxygen content of combustion transition. This equation may be. $\sigma$=$\sigma$$_{T}$ exp｛-7.24$\times$10$^{-7}$ ( $O_2$ $O_{2.T}$)｝Where $O_2$is the concentration of oxygen in the oxidizing gas, and $O_{2.T}$ refers to oxygen concentration of combustion transition.n.n.n.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1986

The results from a study on the combustion of the ferrosilicon-miniun delay powder which was examined under the various conditions are as follows. 1. It has been found that in case of these delay powders, decomposition of oxidiging agents occurs first and then reducing agents are oxidized by the gases evolved from the oxidizing agents and by the oxygen in air. Therefore, the main reactions are heterogenous reaction and especially He gas phase plays an important role in combustion reactions of delay Powders. 2. In case the loading pressure is below 100kg per a detonator, the dispresion of burning time is large. 3. Little or no increase in humidity was observed on daily measurement during six month preservation tests. 4. The amperage of electric current for igniting the fuse head has no effect on the burning time of delay conposition itself changed in the detonator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2006

A thermal resistance estimation of carbon/carbon composites used as the nozzle throat insert of solid rocket motor was performed using TPEM motor. Three types of TPEM motor and two types of propellant were employed. The ablation rate is higher for the higher chamber pressure and also higher for the higher concentration of oxidizing species in combustion gas, but it is lower for the higher material density.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Ozone is strong and useful oxidizing gas for the fabrication of oxidation thin films. In order to obtain high quality thin film, the ozone concentration must be increased. An ozone condensation system is evaluated in the viewpoint of an ozone supplier for oxidation thin film growth. Ozone is condensed by the adsorption method and ozone concentration reaches 8.5 mol% by 2.5 h after the beginning of the ozone condensation is negligible if the condensed ozone is transferred between the ozone condensation system and the film growth chamber within a few minutes. CuO peak which is the result of the obtained Cu-films using condensed ozone appears by XRD patterns.