• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Lipids play important roles in biological systems; they store energy, play a structural role in the cell membrane, and are involved in cell growth, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Phospholipids (PLs) in particular have received attention in the medical and lipidomics research fields because of their involvement in human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and many cancers associated with lipid metabolic disorders. Here I review experimental strategies for PL analysis based on nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MSn). In particular, discussed are lipid extraction methods, nanoflow LC separation of PLs, effect of ionization modifiers on the ESI of PLs, influence of chain lengths and unsaturation degree of acyl chains of PLs on MS intensity, structural determination of the molecular structure of PLs and their oxidized products, and quantitative profiling of PLs from biological samples such as tissue, urine, and plasma in relation to cancer and coronary artery disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2002

This experiment was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (CC) fractions on the liposomal phospholipid membranes. The sample CC was extracted and fractionated into five different types, methanol (CCMM), hexane (CCMH), ethylacetate (CCMEA), butanol (CCMB), and aqueous (CCMA) fractions. The antioxidant activities of CC fractions in oxidized dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposomes were examined by spectrophotometry measuring conjugated dienes. The oxidation indices of five CC fractions exhibited weaker antioxidant activities than that of BHT in oxidized DLPC liposomes, however, showing much similar antioxidant activities of $\alpha$-tocopherol in the oxidized DLPC liposomes, which is known as a potent antioxidant. Among CC fractions, CCMM and CCMA in oxidized DLPC liposomes showed rather effective than $\alpha$-tocopherol after 2 h. These results strongly indicate that bioactive substances in CC fractions have a kind of function as potent antioxidants against biomembrane oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.530-539
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• 1994

All lipoproteins are made up of three major classes of lipids : triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Lipoproteins vary in their relative content of these lipids as well as in size and protein content. Human low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a main carrier for cholesterol in the blood stream, and it is well established that cholesterol deposits in the arteries stem primarily from LDL and that increased levels of plasma LDL correlated with in increased risk of atherosclerosis. Various lines of research provide strong evidence that lDL may become oxidized in vivo and that oxidized-LDL is the species involved in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions. the most crucial findings in this context are the following : (1) Oxidized -LDL has chemotactic properties and if present in the intimal space of the arteries would recruit blood monocytes which then can develop into tissue macrophages ; (2) marcrophages take up oxidized-LDL unregulated to from lipid laden foam cells ; (3) Oxdized-LDLis highly cytotoxic and could be responsible for damage of the endothelial layer and for the destruction of smooth muscle cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.326-333
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• 1984

The oxidation rate of krill lipids is very slow and no peroxides are accumulated even after long storage. By means of various chromatographic techniques and mass spectrophotometry, the primary antioxidant has been identified as ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The phospholipid fractions did not show any antioxidative activity but peroxide-decomposing properties of total lipids depended upon the phospholipid contents. The peroxide-decomposing activities of phospholipids were due to the presence of polar materials generated during the storage. The most peroxide-decomposing fractions of oxidized krill lecithin by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was low-molecule fraction (mean molecular weight: 182) and high-molecule fraction (mean molecular weight: 1942) was the next. The separation of peroxide-decomposing properties from low-molecule fraction was achieved by partitioning between chloroform and methanol/water. The methanol/water fraction showed strong peroxide-decomposing activities and main component of this fraction was assumed hydroxyamine compounds derived from choline.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.920-923
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• 2004

We have investgated on the monolayer LB film of BASH-DMPC mixture on an ITO for the photoisomerization by light irradiation. We measured electrochemical properties by using cyclic voltammetry with a three-electrode system, An Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode in $NaClO_4$ solution at a variable concentration and monolayer LB films. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate were 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s. As a results, LB films of 8A5H-DMPC appeared reversible process caused by the reduction-oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2006

We investigated the electrochemical properties for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films mixed with fatty acid (8A5H) and phospholipid (DLPE, DMPC, and DPPA). LB films of 8A5H monolayer and 8A5H-phospholipid mixture were deposited using the Langmuir-Blodgett method on the indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. The electrochemical properties measured using cyclic voltammetry with three-electrode system, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode at various concentrations(0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L) of $NaClO_4$ solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate was 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s, respectively. As a result, LB films of fatty acid and phospholipid (8A5H/DLPE and DPPA) appeared irreversible process were caused by only the reduction current from the cyclic voltammogram and LB film of 8A5H-DMPC mixture was found to be caused by a reversible oxidation-reduction process.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.311-316
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• 2012

We are investigated to an electrochemical characteristic for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films by cyclic voltammetry method. The phospholipid compound was deposited by using the LB method on the Indium tin oxide(ITO) glass. We tried to measure the electrochemical by using cyclic voltammetry with three-electrode system(an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode) in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 N $NaClO_4$ solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV. As a result, LB films of the phospholipid compounds are appeared irreversible process caused by only the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram. The diffusivity(D) effect of LB films decreased with increasing of phospholipid compound amount.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.506-510
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• 2002

The effect of antioxidant activity of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) on the liposomal phospholipid membrane was investigated by spectrophotometry. Membrane oxidation causes damage to the membrane fluidity and permeability. It brings further destruction to the sustenance of biological homeostasis. In addition, it is related to several diseases, aging and carcinogenesis. The sample PG was extracted and fractionated to five different types; butanol (PGMB), ethylacetate (PGMEA), ethylether (PGMEE), hexane (PGMH) and methanol (PGMM). The oxidation indices of PGMEA and PGMEE fractions in oxidized dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposomes had stronger antioxidant activities than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and were similar to antioxidant activities compared with butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a well-known potent antioxidant, in oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation indices of PGMM extract, PGMB and PGMH fractions exhibited weak antioxidant activity compared with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation indiex of PGMEE fractions added with vitamin C showed even strong antioxidant activity in the oxidized DLPC liposomes. The oxidation activity of BHT with vitamin C also proved to be stronger than BHT without vitamin C. Therefore vitamin C evidently helps to improve the effect of antioxidant in DLPC liposomes. These results indicate that potentially bioactive substances in PGMEE fraction has a function as potent antioxidant against phospholipid membrane oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

This experiment is carried out to study influence of vitamin $B_6$ on serum lipids of rat fed with oxidized oil by heat. The experimental animals use 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 ${\pm}$ 2g. They are divided into 5 groups and fed to experimental diets which are added to 10%, 15%, 20% oxidized oil by heat in addition to 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.06% vitamin $B_6$. Oxidized oil by heat is prepared from the soybean oil by heating at $180^{\circ}C$ for 50 hours. After feeding for 4 weeks, lipid concentrations of sera are as follows; 1. Body weights are higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 2. Liver weights are higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group, but spleen weights are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 3. The contents of serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 4. The contents of serum triglyceride are significantly higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 5. The contents of serum phospholipid are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2002

We carried out this experiment to observe electrochemical properties for LB films of phospholipid(Dilauroyl-L-${\alpha}$-Phosphayidylcholine) and 4-octyl-4'-(5-carboxypentamethylene-oxy)azobenzene mixture by the cyclic voltammetry. LB films of 8A5H and 8A5H-DLPC(1:1, 2:1) were deposited by using the Langmuir-Blodgett method on the ITO glass. We determined electrochemical measurement by using cyclic voltammetry with a three-electrode system, An Ag/AgCl reference elect rode, a platinum wire counter electrode and LB film-coated ITO working electrode measured in 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol/L $NaClO_{4}$ solution. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350 mV, continuously oxidized to 1650 mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate were 50, 100, 150 and 200 mV/s. As a result, LB films of 8A5H 8A5H-DLPC appeared irreversible process caused by only the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram.