• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

케타민은 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 수용체의 비경쟁적인 길항제로 인의와 수의학에서 전신 마취제로 사용하는 약물이다. 본 연구진은 이전에 케타민이 개 말초혈액 백혈구의 순간산소과소비현상(oxidative burst activity)을 손상시킨다고 보고하였다. 현재 연구에서는 개 말초혈액 탐식세포의 탐식능(phagocytic capacity)에 대한 케타민의 효과를 검토하였다. 탐식능은 유세포 분석기로 분석하였다. 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구(peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells; PMN)와 단구(monocytes)의 탐식능은 케타민의 직접 처리에 의해 감소하였으나 단핵구세포(peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBMC) 분획에서의 탐식능은 케타민의 직접 처리에 의해 변화가 없었다. 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구와 단구의 탐식능은 케타민을 처리한 단핵구세포 배양상층액에 의해서도 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 케타민은 호중구와 단구와 같은 개 말초혈액 탐식세포의 탐식능에 있어 직접적인 억제효과를 나타내며, 또한 케타민 처리 단핵구세포로부터 생산되는 가용성인자에 의해서도 탐식세포의 탐식능이 억제되는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2002

배경: 흰쥐의 기도에 과산화수소를 분무함으로서 급성 염증성 반응을 일으켜 phospholipase $A_2$(PLA$_2$)와 endogenous oxidative stress에 산소기가 어떤 영항을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 호중구에 의해 유리된 산소기가 phospholipase $A_2$를 다시 활성화시킨다는 가설을 증명하기위해 phospholipase $A_2$의 활성도와 lysoplatelet activating factor acetyltransferase(lysoPAF AT)를 수산화수소 분무 5시간 후에 측정하였다. 또한, PLA$_2$활성화에 따른 나쁜 영향에 대해 알아보기 위하여 폐 질량/체중의 비, bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)내의 단백 함량을 측정하였다. 폐장 내의 염증반응은 호중구의 폐장내 침윤에 따른 respiratory burst에 의한 oxidative stress가 그 원인일 것으로 추정되므로 BAL 내의 호중구 수와 myeloperoxidase(MPO)수치를 측정하였다. 또한 oxidative stress에 의한 영향을 화인하기 위하여 형태학적, 조직화학적 검사도 시행하였다. 결과: 과산화수소를 투여하고 5시간 뒤에 폐장은 심한 호중구의 침윤 및 폐 질량의 증가를 볼 수 있었다. BAL 내의 단백 함량은 정상폐의 경우에서보다 훨씬 증가된 것을 볼 수 있었다. PLA$_2$의 활성도 또한 증가되어 있었다. 흥미롭게도, 과산화수소를 투여한 폐에서 lysoPAF AT 활성도의 증가를 측정함으로서 platelet activating factor(PAF) 생성의 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 형태학적으로, 광학현미경상 폐장의 무기폐 및 염증세포의 침윤을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이것은 PLA$_2$의 활성화에 따라 생성된 염증성 지질 분자에 의해 초래된 결과라고 생각되어진다. Cerium chloride 세포화학 전자 현미경상 많은 양치 cerrous perhydroxide의 침윤을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면 정상 폐장에서는 전혀 관찰되어지지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 모든 결과들은 호중구에 의한 oxidative stress에 의한 폐장의 손상과 일치하므로 산소기에 의해 생성된 PLA$_2$가 내인성 oxidative stess에 관여한다고 볼 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권6호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2010

Background: Based on the known immunoregulatory functions of moxifloxacin on phagocytes, the therapeutic effect of moxifloxacin on oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was investigated. Methods: Moxifloxacin (10 mg/kg) was given to male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been given oleic acid (OA, $30{\mu}L$) intravenously. Five hours after OA injection, parameters demonstrating ALI were assessed to measure the effects of moxifloxacin on acute lung injury. Results: The pathological findings of OA-induced ALI's was diminished by moxifloxacin. Through ultrastructural and $CeCl_3$ EM histochemistry, moxifloxacin was confirmed to be effective in decreasing oxidative stress in the lung as well. Indices of ALI, such as lung weight/body weight ratio, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung myeloperoxidase were decreased by moxifloxacin. In diaminobenzidine immunohistochemistry, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting of the lung, moxifloxacin had decreased the enhanced expression of secretory phospholipase $A_2$ ($sPLA_2$) by OA. Conclusion: We concluded that moxifloxacin was effective in lessening acute inflammatory pulmonary edema caused by OA, by inhibiting the neutrophilic respiratory burst, which was initiated by the activation of $sPLA_2$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2012

흰쥐에서 대장균(E.coli : E0127;B8)의 내독소(lipopolysaccharide)로 급성 폐손상을 유도하고 이때 폐장 내 호중구성 respiratory burst에 따른 폐장조직의 변화 및 폐포 내로의 단백질 유출을 확인하였다. Pulmonary surfactant를 분리하고 이때 surfactant대사의 변화와 surfactant내의 PAF함량이 증가한 사실도 확인하였다. Surfactant내의 PAF함량의 증가는 폐포 내로의 호중구의 이동 및 그에 따른 산소기 생성의 증가로 폐장 내의 모세혈관 및 제1형 폐포세포의 직접적 손상의 원인으로 생각되었고, 이러한 surfactant내의 PAF의 증가가 실질적으로 급성 폐손상의 치료를 어렵게 하는 원인의 하나로 생각되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1495-1499
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water extract from Artemisiae Argi Folium (WAAF) on hydrogen peroxide production within mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, and acetaminophen. WAAF (0${\sim}$400 ug/mL) was treated with gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, acetaminophen. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. WAAF showed the restoration of the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide which were reduced by gallic acid, EtOH, LPS, and acetaminophen in Raw 264.7 Cells. WAAF could be supposed to have the immunological activity related with macrophage's oxidative burst.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2009

The effect of Sacchromyces cerevisiae-Fermented Sophorae Radix water extract (SFS) on production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) from mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with nicotine (1 mM) was investigated through this study. SFS (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 ug/mL) was simultaneously treated with nicotine (1 mM) during culture of 4, 20, 24, 44, 48, 68, and 72 hr. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. NO production after 24 hr treatement was measured with Griess reagent assay. SFS restored the production of hydrogen peroxide and NO reduced by nicotine (1 mM) in Raw 264.7 Cells. These results suggests that SFS could be supposed to have the immunological activity concerned with macrophage's oxidative burst including hydrogen peroxide and NO.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.438-442
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water extract from Artemisiae Argi Folium Fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus (AFL) on hydrogen peroxide production within mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with gallic acid, EtOH, Nicotine, Acetaminophen, and Acetaldehyde. AFL (0${\sim}$400 ug/mL) was treated with gallic acid, EtOH, Nicotine, Acetaminophen, and Acetaldehyde. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. AFL showed the restoration of the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide which were reduced by gallic acid, EtOH, Nicotine, Acetaminophen in Raw 264.7 Cells. AFL could be supposed to have the immunological activity related with macrophage's oxidative burst.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2009

The effect of Sacchromyces cerevisiae-Fermented Artemisiae Argi Folium Water extract (AFS) on hydrogen peroxide production within mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with EtOH, gallic acid, Nicotine, Acetaminophen, and Acetaldehyde was investigated through this study. AFS (0-400 ug/mL) was simultaneously treated with EtOH, gallic acid, Nicotine, Acetaminophen, and Acetaldehyde. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. AFS restorated the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide reduced by EtOH, gallic acid, Nicotine, Acetaminophen within Raw 264.7 Cells. AFS could be supposed to have the immunological activity concerned with macrophage's oxidative burst.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

An important recent advance in the field of plant-microbe interactions has been the cloning of genes that confer resistance to specific viruses, bacteria, fungi or insects. Disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins with predicted structural motifs consistent with them having roles in signal recognition and transduction. Plant disease resistance is the result of an innate host defense mechanism, which relies on the ability of plant to recognize pathogen invasion and efficiently mount defense responses. In tomato, resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is mediated by the specific recognition between the tomato serine/threonine kinase Pto and bacterial protein AvrPto or AvrPtoB. This recognition event initiates signaling events that lead to defense responses including an oxidative burst, the hypersensitive response (HR), and expression of pathogenesis- related genes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.2294-2298
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• 2009

In present work an attempt was made to synthesize various analogues of levofloxacin by introducing new functionality at carboxylic group position via nucleophilic substitution reaction. For this purpose the carboxylic group at C-6 was esterified and later subjected to nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon by various aromatic amines. Structure of the analogues was confirmed by different techniques i.e. IR, $^1H$ NMR and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was also assessed and compared with the parent against a series of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. A synergistic as well as antagonistic behavior was observed in these derivatives. Additionally unlike levofloxacin, the derivatives were also found to modulate oxidative burst response of phagocytes exhibiting moderate to significant inhibitory activity.