• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Naval ship design and related other activities can be characterized by the complexity of the interactions among products, activities, and disciplines. Such complexities often result in inferior designs, cost overrun, and late-delivery. Hence there exist tremendous interests in both improving the design process itself and optimizing the interactions among design activities. This paper looks at the complexity of designing naval ships thereby leading to the innovation of current ship design practices using design structure matrix. It can be used to induce the optimal ordering of design activities as well as identify sources of complexities. The method presented here identifies coupled design activities useful for reducing the complexity of naval ship design as well as optimally reordering design activities. This paper recommends the use of design structure matrix method suitable for numerically optimizing the concept design process of naval ship, and reducing cost and time required in designing naval ships by modeling and analyzing the design activities and engineering tasks, defined in systems engineering planning documents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.889-902
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• 2022

With increasing consumer demand for "clean label" products, the use of natural ingredients is required in the food industry. Protein/polysaccharide complexes are considered good alternatives to synthetic emulsifiers and stabilizers for formulating stable emulsion-based foods. Milk protein and carrageenan are widely used to improve the physical properties and stability of dairy food products. In a previous study, milk protein isolate (MPI) was conjugated with 𝛋-carrageenan (𝛋-Car) in a wet-heating system through the Maillard reaction, and the Maillard conjugates (MC) derived from MPI and 𝛋-Car effectively improved the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Therefore, MPI/𝛋-Car conjugates were used in whipping cream as natural emulsifiers in this study, and the physical and rheological properties of whipping creams stabilized using MPI/𝛋-Car MC and MPI/𝛋-Car electrostatic complexes (EC) were investigated. The whipping creams stabilized with MPI/𝛋-Car MC have lower rheological parameters (η_a,50, K, G', and G'') than those of whipping creams stabilized with MPI/𝛋-Car EC. Although the overrun value was slightly reduced owing to the addition of MPI/𝛋-Car MC, the stability of the whipped creams with MC was effectively improved due to enhanced water-holding ability by conjugation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.649-657
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedented impacts on different sectors around the globe. The effects observed in developing countries are even more severe. Some projects stopped while many have cost and time overrun issues. This paper conducted a case study on the COVID-19's effects on a hotel construction project in Nepal. The study reviewed the literature on COVID-19 and its impact on construction sectors and conducted a semi-structured interview with the project's personnel. The interview response was analysed and the contributing factors that impacted the project and its performance were identified. The paper found financial, operational, contractual, safety, and risk management issues in the hotel project. Overall, the project cost increased by 32% where the material cost increased by 35% and labor cost increased by 28%. This research discusses causes, measures, and provides a broad perspective of the problems, significant challenges, and opportunities associated with the effects of COVID-19 on the construction industry. The Owner as well as the Contractors incurred added costs because of COVID-19. The paper identified contributing factors and presented the challenges which could be used as opportunities to minimize unforeseen impacts of the pandemics in near future. The lesson learned from this case study was that the labor cost and materials cost could have been minimized if the Owner and the Contractor had established alternative resources such as using locally available labor, materials, and alternative suppliers.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-218
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• 2007

The early eighteenth century witnessed the birth of homosexuality as an identity and the emergence of a homosexual subculture in Britain. The homosexual subculture revealed itself through identified walkways and parks, gestures by which men might signal their interests to each other, and meeting places called "molly houses" where homosexuals could gather in relative safety. As early as 1703 the homosexuals seem to have overrun London. Homosexuals in eighteenth-century Britain provides a figure on which a variety of social anxieties could be displaced. Homosexuality is partly sexual transgression; mostly, it represents a variety of class, national, political transgressions. The association of British homosexuality with the fashion for Italian tastes was commonplace, and the growth of homosexuality was regarded as the greatest threat to the glorious Britain by destroying all its masculine virtues. Homosexuality was widely believed to be particularly common among the aristocracy and to be symptomatic of the increasing depravity of that class. The radicals in eighteenth-century Britain did not hesitate to exploit the surge in homophobia. They identified aristocratic patronage as one of the aristocratic practices that encouraged homosexuality and thus stigmatized the sort of male bonding that helped sustain aristocratic hegemony.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.627-628
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• 2015

Construction defect which can causes economic damage such as schedule delay, cost overrun is a considerably important factor in construction industry. In general, a construction defect features a difficulty to find out causes precisely because it occurs when several interrelated causes combine. Yet, studies have tried to understand the interrelationships between factors are limited. In addition, despite of a tremendous amount of construction data, it's not still enough to analyze them, but tends to depend on experience or know-how of practitioners. Thus, it is necessary to identify underlying causes in influential factors by utilizing related data. This paper analyses Interrelationships between causal factors using Association Rule Mining to discover root causes of construction defects. Confidence and Lift that can be used for presenting the interrelationships of the causes were extracted from 1241 cases in 30 projects in Korea. It is expected that this paper allows the construction managers to discover key factors and make right decisions to reduce occurrence of construction defects. Furthermore, analysis of interrelationships can improve understanding of structural patterns of construction defects.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Risk evaluation approaches for bidding on international construction projects are typically partitioned into three stages: country selection, project classification, and bid-cost evaluation. However, previous studies are frequently under attack in that they have several crucial limitations: 1) a dearth of studies about country selection risk tailored for the overseas construction market at a corporate level; 2) no consideration of uncertainties for input variable per se; 3) less probabilistic approaches in estimating a range of cost variance; and 4) less inclusion of covariance impacts. This study thus suggests a three-staged risk evaluation model to resolve these inherent problems. In the first stage, a country portfolio model that maximizes the expected construction market growth rate and profit rate while decreasing market uncertainty is formulated using multi-objective genetic analysis. Following this, probabilistic approaches for screening bad projects are suggested through applying various data mining methods such as discriminant logistic regression, neural network, C5.0, and support vector machine. For the last stage, the cost overrun prediction model is simulated for determining a reasonable bid cost, while considering non-parametric distribution, effects of systematic risks, and the firm's specific capability accrued in a given country. Through the three consecutive models, this study verifies that international construction risk can be allocated, reduced, and projected to some degree, thereby contributing to sustaining stable profits and revenues in both the short-term and the long-term perspective.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.498-505
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• 2024

In this paper, a cable-driven endoscopic manipulator (CEM) is designed for the Chinese latest compact fusion reactor. The whole CEM arm is more than 3000 mm long and includes end vision tools, an endoscopic manipulator/control system, a feeding system, a drag chain system, support systems, a neutron shield door, etc. It can cover a range of ±45° of the vacuum chamber by working in a wrap-around mode, etc., to meet the need for observation at any position and angle. By placing all drive motors in the end drive box via a cable drive, cooling, and radiation protection of the entire robot can be facilitated. To address the CEM motion control problem, a discrete trajectory tracking method is proposed. By restricting each joint of the CEM to the target curve through segmental fitting, the trajectory tracking control is completed. To avoid the joint rotation angle overrun, a joint limit rotation angle optimization method is proposed based on the equivalent rod length principle. Finally, the CEM simulation system is established. The rationality of the structure design and the effectiveness of the motion control algorithm are verified by the simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2016

In recent years, business environment is faced with multi uncertainty that have not been suffered in the past. As supply chain is getting expanded and longer, the flow of information, material and production is also being complicated. It is well known that development service industry using application software has various uncertainty in random events such as supply and demand fluctuation of developer's capcity, project effective date after winning a contract, manpower cost (or revenue), subcontract cost (or purchase), and overrun due to developer's skill-level. This study intends to social contribution through attempts to optimize enterprise's goal by supply chain management platform to balance demand and supply and stochastic programming which is basically applied in order to solve uncertainty considering economical and operational risk at solution supplier. In Particular, this study emphasizes to determine allocation of internal and external manpower of developers using S&OP (Sales & Operations Planning) as monthly resource input has constraint on resource's capability that shared in industry or task. This study is to verify how Stochastic Programming such as Markowitz's MV (Mean Variance) model or 2-Stage Recourse Model is flexible and efficient than Deterministic Programming in software enterprise field by experiment with process and data from service industry which is manufacturing software and performing projects. In addition, this study is also to analysis how profit and labor input plan according to scope of uncertainty is changed based on Pareto Optimal, then lastly it is to enumerate limitation of the study extracted drawback which can be happened in real business environment and to contribute direction in future research considering another applicable methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.10 s.188
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• pp.185-198
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• 2003

Fashion is a field that responds sensitively to social and cultural atmospheres, brings about constant change due to consumer demand for new items in new fashion trends and in the latest design. The fashion industry tries to predict what kind of clothing the customers desires and produces fashion products according to trend information stated by fashion information services. This research analyses the relativity between the trends stated in the fashion information books and what consumer accept, and with this information find the application of trend information books in the planning of domestic woman's clothing. The used information books were based on Samsung Fashion Institute and Interfashion Planning, Inc. The 02/03 F/W season emphasized restoration-romantic, nostalgic mood themes. Fashion trend information and consumer acceptance condition tend to concentrate on trend themes given tv fashion information companies. In other words, $Sincere\;girl(39.04\%){\to}Frontier\;girl(34.92\%){\to}Dark\;lady(18.43\%){\to}Lady\;belle(7.59\%)$ in this order Also when looking into the consumer's wearing, no one theme appears by itself and the themes are mixed accordingly to one's lifestyle and sensibility. Accordingly fashion information organizations must provide precise fashion trends according to consumer sensibility & consumption and also compare trend information to consumer fashion trends each season. With this precise information the planned design plans will help the domestic fashion markets, which are gradually overrun by foreign brands, develop a unique and original fashion product that meets consumer sensitivity needs, and develop a new stepping stone for fashion companies and the relative fashion industry and furthermore contribute to the advancement of overseas markets.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.110-117
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• 2004

The environmental-related disputes and claims are steeply increasing recently. Among them the number of disputes and claims on noise and vibration incurred in the process of construction is more than $85\%$. Since those disputes and claims cause cost overrun and or penalty and bad impression for the construction company, it is necessary to develop a systematic management method for solving them. This study presents a environmental management structure based on the examining many kinds of environmental-related laws including 'The Act on Regulation of Noise and Vibration' furthermore, through analysing various dispute and claim cases, and surveying literatures we suggest environmental study noise and vibration management method using for the preconstruction phase, the construction phase and the post construction phase, respectively.