• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 1996

It is required to consider pricing and non-pricing factors and external economy in order to achieve the objects of physical distribution system in a port. Recently, among the three factors, much attention has been paid to non-pricing factor in the system. Although physical distribution service in a port(PDSP)has been frequently mentioned in documents and literature related to port and shipping studies, few study on it has not been systematically and scientifically made due to the following problems; $\circ$ there are not proper criteria to evaluate level and quality of PDSP and as a result it is difficult to set up a unified standard for doing so. $\circ$ algorithms to evaluate problems with complex and ambiguous attributes and multiple levels in PDSP are not available. This thesis aims to establish a paradigm to evaluate PDSP and to abvance existing decision making methods to deal with complex and ambiguous problems in PDSP. To tackle the first purpose, extensive and thorough literature survey was carried out on general physical distribution service, which is a corner stone to handle PDSp. In addition, through interviews and questionnaire to the expert, it have extracted 82 factors of physical distribution service in a port. They have been classified into 6 groups by KJ method and each group defined by the expert's advice as follows; a. Potentiality b. Exactness c. safety d. Speediness e. Convenience f. Linkage Prior to the service evaluation, many kinds of its attributes must be identified on the basis of rational decision owing to complexity and ambiguity inherent in PDSP. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a method to evaluate them but it is not applicable to PDSP that have property of non-additivity and overlapped attributes. Therefore, probablility measure can not be used to evaluate PDSP but fuzzy measure is required. Hierarchical fuzzy integral method, which is merged AHP with fuzzy measure, is also not effective method to evaluate attributes because it has vary complicated way to calculate fuzzy measure identification coefficient of attributes. A new evaluation algorithm has been introduced to solve problems with multi-attribute and multi-level hierarchy, which is called hierarchy fuzzy process(HFP).Analysis on ambiguous aspects of PDSP under study which is not easy to be defined is prerequisite to evaluate it. HFP is different from algorithm existed in that it clarified the relationship between fuzzy measure and probability measure adopted in AHP and that it directly calculates the family of fuzzy measure from overlapping coefficient and probability measure to treat and evaluate ambiguous and complex aspects of PDSP. A new evaluation algorithm HFP was applied to evaluate level of physical distribution service in the biggest twenty container port in the world. The ranks of the ports are as follows; 1. Rotterdam Port, 2. Hamburg Port, 3. Singapore Port, 4. Seattle Port, 5. Yokohama Port, 6. Long beach Port, 7. Oakland Port, 8. Tokyo Port, 9. Hongkong Port, 10. Kobe Port, 11. Los Angeles Port, 12. New york Port, 13. Antwerp Port, 14. Felixstowe Port, 15. Bremerhaven Port, 16. Le'Havre Port, 17. Kaoshung Port, 18. Killung Port, 19. Bangkok Port, 20. Pusan Port

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3220-3226
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• 2011

In order to monitor internal risk factors such as fire, terror, etc. on the subway station, the surveillance systems using CCTV and various kinds of sensors have been implemented and recently, introduction of surveillance systems using an advanced IT technology, sensor network technology is tried on several areas. Since 2007, Korean government has made an effort to develop the intelligent surveillance and monitoring system, which can monitor fire, intrusion, passenger congestion, health-state of structure, etc., by using wireless sensor network technology and intelligent video analytic technique. For that purpose, this study carried out field wireless communication environment test on Chungmuro Station of Seoul Metro on the basis of ZigBee that is considered as a representative wireless sensor network before field application of the intelligent integrated surveillance system being developed, arranged and analyzed and ZigBee based wireless communication environment test results on the platform and waiting room of Chungmuro Station on this paper. Results of wireless spectrum analysis on the platform and waiting room showed that there is no radio frequency overlapped with that of ZigBee based sensor network and no frequency interference with adjacent frequencies separated 10MHz or more. As results of wireless data transmission test using ZigBee showed that data transmission is influenced by multi-path fading effect from the number and flow rate of passengers on the platform or the waiting room rather than effects from entrance and exit of the train to/from the platform, it should be considered when implementing the intelligent integrated surveillance system on the station.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.699-702
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• 2011

Purpose: Venous stasis ulcer is the most severe form of chronic venous insufficiency and this commonly appears in the lower limb. Pharmacological therapy, reconstruction of the venous system, surgical management, cellular therapy and compression therapy are known as the treatments of venous stasis ulcer, but relapses are common, which make it a typical chronic wound. We report here on a case of recurrent venous stasis ulcer that healed with compression therapy without any other treatment. Methods: A 35-year-old man with a 13 years history of venous stasis had developed an ulcer on the distal third portion of the lower left limb which was developed 12-year before enrollment in this study. He had been treated with vacuum assist closure, 2 times of cell therapy and 3 times of skin graft for 8 years, but the lesion recurred. From November, 2008 compression therapy was done with the 3M $Coban^{TM}$ 2 Layer Compression System (3M, St. Paul, USA). The ulcer at that time was oval shaped and $3{\times}4$ cm in size. A comfort layer bandage was applied from the proximal phalanx of the great toe to the knee. A compression layer bandage was applied on the previous layer with it being overlapped one half the width of the comfort layer bandage. The dressing was changed every 4 days and the change was recorded with photography. Results: A total of 12 $Coban^{TM}$ 2 Layer Compression Systems were used. The size of the ulcer decreased to $2.5{\times}2.5$ cm in one month, to $2{\times}2$ cm in 2 months, it was $1{\times}1.8$ cm in size at 3 months and it completely healed in 4 months. Conclusion: The venous stasis ulcer was completely healed using the 3M $Coban^{TM}$ 2 Layer Compression System. This method was easy to apply, made the patient comfortable and it provided an excellent compression effect. As in the previous studies, this compression therapy has been proven to play an important role for the treatment and prevention of venous stasis ulcer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

Assessing for flora distribution is necessary for land management and environmental research in reclaimed lands. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between vegetation distribution and soil salinity on three reclaimed tidal flats of Kyonggi-bay in the mid-west coast of Korea. We investigated the soil salinity and identified the vegetation at the continuum distribution spots, and describe the characteristics of continuum distribution. On the reclaimed tidal flats, spatial variation of vegetation formed partially, however as the result for connection of each spatial variation along with the soil salinity, continuum distribution formed and it was overlapped edaphic gradient with vegetation distribution, it means that the continuum distribution correspond with soil salinity gradient, as the evidence high salt tolerance species occurred at high saline spots, non salt tolerance species occurred at low saline spots. On the aged reclaimed tidal flats, continuum type was various and also clearly distinguished but it was not clear on the early stage of reclamation. The continuum distribution distinguished sequential and non-sequential type. Sequential type started from high saline zone and connected to low saline zone gradually, on this type, vegetation changed from pioneer halophyte to facultative halophyte and glycophyte along with the salinity gradient. Non-sequential type formed by non-sequential change of soil salinity, on this type, vegetation distribution was non-regular form because it has not changed gradually. In the aged reclaimed land, vegetation wilted zone existed with high salinity, and continuum distribution started from this zone with bare patch.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.54 no.1_2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

Rearing environment direct effects on oviposition preference of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens). In this study, the number of egg-filled flutes was surveyed according to the size of adult rearing cages and oviposition media of black soldier fly (BSF). The height of the adult rearing cages were fixed at 2 m and provided different sizes of width and length and released 20,000 BSF adults in the rearing cages. The mean number of BSF egg-filled flutes was 895.4 at $4{\times}4m$ cage, 876.3 at $2{\times}1m$ cage and 62.3 at $1{\times}1m$ cage. Comparison of egg-filled flutes was according to cages material of adult BSF. The mean number of egg-filled flutes were 820.7 and 604.3 at different cage materials such as mosquito net and green house film. The mean numbers of egg-filled flutes were 326.6 in green floral form, 135.2 in green corrugated cardboard and 41.0 in brown corrugated cardboard. And the mean number of egg-filled flutes were similar floral form with the corrugated cardboard was overlapped by floral form such as 57.7 and 64.7. The mean number of egg-filled flutes was 29.0 and 48.2 in 6 mm and 4 mm diameter of oviposition hole.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2004

Recently, a large reduction in domestic aviation demand had roughly shown in the range between 34% and 75% in east central and western corridor of Korea. The reasons for the drop in air traffic demand were the provisioning of several new highway serveces and the national economic difficulties. Since April 2004, moreover, the Korea Train Express(KTX) was operated between Seoul and Daegu in the first phrase of 293Km in KTX operational distance and 258Km in air route distance. The operation of KTX significantly impacted air traffic volume, particularly on the overlapped air routes with KTX routes. This study analyzed the effects on air traffic demand in accordance with the opening of KTX by applying the Stated Preference (SP) survey method, the survey conducted prior to 8 months of the KTX initiative. Also, the comparison of the decreased demand forecast by SP analysis and actual revealed traffic volume during two months service after inauguration of KTX was conducted. The Seoul-Daegu route was analysed using the 3 variables considered access and egress time, fare rate, operational frequency. The result obtained from the analysis showed that air users would be preferred only 14%. Comparatively, however, the actual revealed air passengers after the opening KTX were remained 28%, The less "decreased demand" was caused by the instability of the KTX's operation in the initial stage. Therefore, small numbers of passenger were preferable to airservices rather than high speed railroad service.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

The genes, trpB, trpA and 3’ trpC(F) of Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530 were cloned and sequenced. The trpB and trpA genes had open reading frames of 1,173 bp and 804 bp encoding 391 and 268 amino acids, respectively. The trpB and trpA genes had conventional ribosome-binding sequences and overlapped with each other by one nucleotide, suggesting that these two genes are translationally coupled. 115 nucleotide upstream the trpB start codon, tjere was an incomplete open reading frame of the 3’-end of the trpC(F). The amino acid sequences of trpB, trpA and trpC(F) of V. metschnikovii RH530 had identities of 64.2%, 82.4% and 73.7% respectively, for those of V. parahaemolyticus; 58.7%, 72.3% and 54.9%, respectively, for Salmonella typhimurium; and 42.6%. 54.1% and 12.5%, respectively, for brevibacterium lactofermentum. The genetic organization of these genes, especially in the noncoding region between trpC(F) and trpB, was distinct from that of Enterobacteriaceae.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

The result of Image segmentation, an indispensable process in image processing, significantly affects the analysis of an image. Despite the significance of image segmentation, it produces some problems when the variation of pixel values is large, or the boundary between background and an object is not clear. Also, these problems occur frequently when many objects in an image are placed very close by. In this paper, when the shape of objects in an image is circular, we proposed an algorithm which segment an each object in an image using the geometric characteristic of circular shape. The proposed algorithm is composed of 4 steps. First is the boundary edge extraction of whole object. Second step is to find the candidate points for further segmentation using the boundary edge in the first step. Calculating the representative circles using the candidate points is the third step. Final step is to draw the line connecting the overlapped points produced by the several erosions and dilations of the representative circles. To verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, the algorithm is compared with the three well-known cell segmentation algorithms. Comparison is conducted by the number of segmented region and the correctness of the inner segment line. As the result, the proposed algorithm is better than the well-known algorithms in both the number of segmented region and the correctness of the inner segment line by 16.7% and 21.8%, respectively.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2014

In this paper, a parallel backoff delay procedure on multiple IEEE 802.15.4 channels and a channel searching method considering the frequency spectrum of WiFi traffic are studied for IEEE 802.15.4 nodes to avoid the interference from WiFi traffic. In order to search the channels being occupied by WiFi traffic, we analyzed the methods measuring the powers of adjacent channels simultaneously, checking the duration of measured power levels greater than a threshold, and finding the same periodicity of sampled RSSI data as the beacon frame by signal processing. In an wireless channel overlapped with IEEE 802.11 network, the operation of CSMA-CA algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 nodes is explained. A method to execute a parallel backoff procedure on multiples IEEE 802.15.4 channels by an IEEE 802.15.4 device is proposed with the description of its algorithm. When we analyze the data measured by the experimental system implemented with the proposed method, it is observed that medium access delay times increase at the same time in the associated IEEE 802.15.4 channels that are adjacent each other during the generation of WiFi traffic. A channel evaluation function to decide the interference from other traffic on an IEEE 802.15.4 channel is defined. A channel searching method considering the channel evaluations on the adjacent channels together is proposed in order to search the IEEE 802.15.4 channels interfered by WiFi, and the experimental results show that it correctly finds the channels interfered by WiFi traffic.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.5 s.95
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• pp.666-680
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• 2006

To obtain basic data for the utilization of saltwort (Salicornia herbacea L.) as a functional ingredient in steamed foam cake, the optimum component ratios for major raw ingredients (saltwort, salt, and wheat flour) as independent variables that affect the product quality were scientifically determined using RSM (response surface methodology) technique. A three-factor and five-level rotational central composite design was used for treatment arrangement. The complete design consisted of 16 experimental points. The three independent variables selected for the RSM experiment were amounts of saltwort (X$_1$, 5${\sim}$25 g), salt (X$_2$, 0${\sim}$10 g), and wheat flour (X$_3$, 470${\sim}$530 g). The optimum responses in specific gravity of the batter and volume, color, texture, and sensory evaluation result of the cake were obtained. The specific gravity and viscosity of the batter at p<0.01 was verified from the regression curve. The characteristic of the batter was influenced by all independent variables, but was extremely dependent on the amount of saltwort ordinary points of the surface responses from the batter formed the minimum points for specific gravities of the batter while viscosities of the batter appeared with the saddle points. Analysis of the response indicated that the amount of saltwort was the most influential factor over the physical properties of the cake, among the dependent variables. Ordinary points of the surface responses from the cake formed the maximum points for loaf volume, hardness gumminess, and chewiness, while Hunter colorimetric parameters appeared with the saddle points. The result indicated that level of the saltwort deviating more or less from the optimal amount decreased the volume and increased the specific gravity with less tender product. Ordinary points of the surface responses of the sensory evaluation scores from the cake formed the maximum points for appearance, flavor, softness, and overall acceptability, while color values appeared with the saddle points. The result also indicated that the level of the saltwort deviating more or less from the optimal amount reduced the preference for the product. Integration of the optimum responses common to all dependent variables that overlapped all the contour maps finally indicated that the combination of 8.3${\sim}$13.8 g saltwort, 2.5${\sim}$6.6 g salt, and 486.5${\sim}$511.5 g wheat flour under the selected preparation recipe optimized the physical and sensory properties in the teamed foam cakes. Practical preparation of the product with median amounts of the ingredients, i.e., 11.0 g saltwort, 4.6 g salt, and 499.0 g wheat flour resulted in similar qualities to the predicted responses. In conclusion, these study results indicated that preparation of steamed foam cake with added saltwort ingredient could potentially produce a more nutritious product with less salt. Further research is required to acquire the optimum levels for sub-ingredients to improve the product quality.