• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.805-822
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• 2012

Offshore pipelines have to withstand combined actions of tension and bending during deepwater installation, which can possibly lead to elliptical buckle and even catastrophic failure of whole pipeline. A 2D theoretical model initially proposed by Kyriakides and his co-workers which carried out buckling response analysis of elastic-plastic tubes under various load combinations, is further applied to investigate buckling behavior of offshore pipelines under combined tension and bending. In association with practical pipe-laying circumstances, two different types of loadings, i.e., bent over a rigid surface in the presence of tension, and bent freely in the presence of tension, are taken into account in present study. In order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, numerical simulations are implemented using a 3D finite element model within the framework of ABAQUS. Excellent agreement between the results validates the effectiveness of this theoretical method. Then, this theoretical model is used to study the effects of some important factors such as load type, loading path, geometric parameters and material properties etc. on buckling behavior of the pipes. Based upon parametric studies, a few significant conclusions are drawn, which offer a theoretical reference for design and installation monitoring of deepwater pipelines.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this work was to ascertain the effects of cervical traction on the pain, the range of motion and the quality of sleep of the older women with the tension headache. Method : 25 subjects between ages 66 and 82 who agreed on this experiment and diagnosed with tension headache participated in this study. All subjects were treated with air-pressure cervical traction while 20 minutes a day, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. The effects of air-pressure cervical traction were evaluated by PSQI(Pittsburgh sleep quality index), a pain last a day, VAS, and four ROMs. In order to investigate the effect of age on the treatment, subjects were divided into two groups, of less and of over than age 75. The measured data were analyzed by using one-way repeated ANOVA and two-way repeated ANOVA. Result : 1) The group of less than age 75 showed the significant improvements in all measurement variables, PSQI, a pain last a day, VAS and four ROMs. 2) The group of over than age 75 showed the significant improvements in all measurement variables excluding the flexion ROM of cervical. 3) No significant differences between two groups were showed in all measurement variables, but the interaction effect between group and period was significant in only VAS. Conclusion : From the results of this study, a cervical traction intervention using an air-pressure cervical traction proved to be effective on the reduction of tension headache and the improvement of the quality of sleep.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.860-867
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• 2001

Absorption of water vapor into LiBr-$H_2O$ O solution flowing over a finned inclined surface is numerically investigated. The momentum, energy, and diffusion equation are numerically solved using a finite difference method. The four different shapes of the wall surfaces are considered to find the best surface for absorption assuming that the wall temperature and the surface tension are constant. The effects of the fin interval and Reynolds number are investigated. Based on the numerical results, it is known that the parabolic surface shows better absorption performance than the other surfaces, and that water vapor absorption increases gradually with decreasing the fin interval.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2A호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2006

강구조물의 대표적인 현장이음방식인 고장력볼트 마찰이음은 볼트 축력의 관리가 엄격하기 때문에 많은 노동력과 시간을 필요로 하며, 미끄러짐 하중을 기준으로 설계가 이루어져 볼트의 높은 전단강도를 유효하게 이용하지 못하고, 그 결과 소요 볼트수가 많아지는 단점이 있다. 따라서 고장력볼트 마찰이음의 단점을 보완하고, 지압이음의 장점을 살린 전단링을 사용한 새로운 이음방식을 개발하여 기존의 고장력볼트 마찰이음과 비교실험을 실시하고 해석적 연구를 실시하였다. 그 결과 전단링을 이용한 새로운 이음방식은 전단링의 높은 전단강도로 저항하기 때문에 기존의 마찰이음보다 이음부의 내력이 크게 향상되는 것을 실험적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 전단이음의 응력집중을 최소화하면서 최대의 연결강도를 유도하기 위해서는 전단링의 깊이 등의 설계 변수에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.65-66
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• 2006

Dancer systems are most widely used mechanism for attenuation of tension disturbances. Lately, demands fur high speed converting machines over 500mpm(m/min) are raising but domestic converting industries can not come up with the machines because capacities for a designing of the converting machine are restricted lower than 300mpm. Moreover roll-to-roll is attracted flexible display manufacturer's attention as a effective method for productivity. A constant tension level in the span before the first printing cylinder is the key of high speed quality printing. This paper presents a modeling and simulations of dancer systems on converting machines.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

포스트텐션 보강공법은 이미 변형된 구조물을 원상태로 회복시키면서 구조적인 성능을 향상시키는 능동적인 보강방법으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 압축력 흡수장치를 사용하지 않은 프리스트레스 보강공법은 긴장재의 압축력이 보강부재에 인장응력을 유발할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완한 Bow 공법을 개발하고, 개발된 공법에 대한 평가로써 실험 및 해석연구를 통하여 압축력 흡수장치를 사용하지 않은 프리스트레스 보강공법과 Bow 공법을 비교하였다. 연구결과, 압축력 흡수장치를 사용하지 않은 프리스트레스 보강공법에서는 프리스트레스에 의하여 보강부재에 인장응력이 발생할 수 있음과 압축력 흡수장치를 사용한 Bow 공법에서는 보강부재에 인장응력이 발생하지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.80-82
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• 2005

There is a method for stringing conductors which is connected to a wire over transmission towers by helicopter or human power and the wire and conductors are pulled by an engine puller. The length of one string section is usually 4-6 km and 2-4 conductors are strung at the same time with a single wire. A tensioner is used to maintain the sag and a running board is installed between the wire and conductors to prevent the rotation of conductors but the variance in topology, the line angle and unequal wiring tension between conductors causes conductor rotation damage or the conductor connection point to breakaway when the pulley is passed. This paper presents a method to prevent conductor rotation during stringing by inserting a pulley in the running board and equally maintaining conductor tension by sling wire after developing and testing.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 토성에 따른 물의 이용효율을 높이면서 재배 작물의 생산성을 최대화하기 위한 효율적인 자동관개 로직을 개발하고자, 수분장력값을 관수 개시점으로 하여 물 공급 유지와 멈춤을 간헐적으로 수행하는 펄스형 관개방식과 측정한 수분장력값을 이용하여 토양수분량을 예측해 재배작물에 적합한 물량을 추가 투입하는 필요물량계산 관수방식을 적용하여 토성이 다른 실험베드에서 2년간 토마토 작물을 재배하면서 토양수분 함량과 장력의 변화를 측정비교하였다. 물공급 30초와 멈춤 30분 및 15분 조건을 이용한 펄스형 관수방식과 필요물량계산 방식에서 얻어진 수분장력값은 목표한 -20kPa 조건에 비해 각각 -42~-8kPa, -20~-10kPa로 나타나 필요물량 계산방식이 균일한 수분장력을 유지하는 측면에서는 유리하였으나 토양수분상태는 상대적으로 습하였다. 공시 토성 모두에서 수분함량은 수분장력에 비해 시간반응이 빠르면서 물공급에 따라 비례적으로 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 수분변화 값은 펄스형 관수와 필요물량계산 관수방식의 경우 사양토 기준으로 각각 17~24%, 19~31%로서 펄스형 관수방식이 수분변화 값이 작으면서 시간에 따라 안정적인 값을 유지한 것으로 나타났는데 이는 물공급에 따른 수분함량의 시간변화가 수분장력에 비해 뚜렷하게 빠름과 관계가 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 펄스형 관수방식은 수분함량값을 이용하여 수분을 조절하는 것이 유리함을 의미한다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.704-709
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• 2001

Experimental methods to determine non-linear properties of rubber materials for finite element analysis is discussed. In simple tension tests, dumbbell specimens are generally used to obtain states of pure tension strain. It is shown that the strip specimens of which length is over 10 times of the width can be also used. In simple compression tests, the effect of the friction between the test specimen and the platens is investigated. the new test method with the tapered platen is proposed in order to overcome the effect of friction and it is verified by experimental and finite element analysis results. In pure shear tests, it is shown that the width of the specimen must be at least 10 times of the height. The mechanical conditioning is suggested to stabilize the properties of the rubber materials. Also, engine mount for automotive is analyzed and experimented for each cases.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2010

In according with concrete structural design standard, it is common designing flexure reinforcement concrete to induce tension failure. So reinforcing ratio is limited to inducing tension failure. And maximum reinforcing ratio is regulated to protecting concrete compression strength caused by over reinforced building. Minimum reinforcing ratio is also limited in designing standard to protecting brittle failure as extremely using less reinforcing bar. But in minimum reinforcing ratio it is extremely conservative or it is sometimes impossible to induce stable tension-failure because they are depending on yield failure and experienced method and concrete designing standard strength. Therefore the purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the flexural behavior of minimum steel ratio of reinforced concrete of beams and to propose the guide-line of equation of minimum steel ratio by performing static flexural test of 16 beams according to size effect, number of steel, yielding stress of steel, and concrete compressive strength which are presumed effective variables. From experimental results, the equation of minimum steel ratio was newly proposed considered size effect.