• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2013

It is commonplace to refer to the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland as a distinctive and homogenous welfare regime. As far as social housing is concerned, however, the institutional heritage of the respective countries significantly frames the ways in which social housing is understood, regulated and subsidized, and, in turn, how housing regimes respond to the general challenges to the national welfare states. The paper presents a historical institutionalist approach to understanding the diversity of regime responses in the modern era characterized by increasing marketization, welfare criticism and internationalization. The aim is to provide outside readers a theoretically guided empirical insight into Scandinavian social housing policy. The paper first lines up the core of the inbuilt argument of historical institutionalism in housing policy. Secondly, it briefly introduces the distinctive ideal typical features of the five housing regimes, which reveals the first internal distinction between the universal policies of Sweden and Denmark selective policies of Iceland and Finland. The Norwegian case constitutes a transitional model from general to selective during the past quarter of a decade. The third section then concentrates on the differences between Denmark, Sweden and Norway in which social housing is, our was originally, embedded in a universal welfare policy targeting the general level of housing quality for the entire population. Differences stand out, however, between finance, ownership, regulation and governance. The historical institutional argument is, that these differences frame the way in which actors operating on the respective policy arenas can and do respond to challenges. Here, in this section we lose Norway, which de facto has come to operate in a residual manner, due to contemporary effects of the long historical heritage of home ownership. The fourth section then discusses the recent challenges of welfare criticism, internationalization and marketization to the universal models in Denmark and Sweden. Here, it is argued that the institutional differences between the Swedish model of municipal ownership and the Danish model of independent cooperative social housing associations provides different sources of resistance to the prospective dismantlement of social housing as we know it. The fifth section presents the recent Danish reform of the governance model of social housing policy in which the housing associations are conceived of as 'dialogue partners' in the local housing policy, expected to create solutions to, rather than produce problems in social housing areas. The reform testifies to the strategic ability of the Danish social housing associations to employ their historically grounded institutional relative independence of the public system.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제12권34호
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• pp.679-697
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• 1974

I. Preface A. Establishment. There are many psycological and physiological difficulties that students have made practical application to a building site of 600 pyung and a structure of 65 pyung each sixteen students in the Home Management House, but there exists problem in students apprentice and management of professors. B. Purpose of study This research aim to seek a high degree of efficiency approach in investigating, studying and analyzing factors of the problem in Home Management which have been faced in women colleges in seoul. C. Content of study. This study is aim at finding out the problems including facilites, system, guiding principle, working bottleneck and administrative problem in making practical application of Home Management. II. A plan and method of study A. This subject of statiscal research is 616 women students in senior year from september 27 1970 to October 31 1974. The rate of collection of questionnaire is 100 percent. B. The Method of study is devised through refering documents, interview with students, questionnaire and observation. III. Result of study Of the total of 29 university in seoul, 24 Universities have its Course of Home Economic among which only 12 have Home Management for making practical application. Home Management House for making practical application is located mainly in campus but some of them exceptimally are in outside university. Students practice mainly at civilzed resident, apartment, bangalow so forth, and demention of which occupies approxiamtely 50-600 pyung (land) and 20-70 pyung (Building). A member with 4 or 20 students make practical application from 10 days to 3 months. A member consists of students and assistant teacher, and practice site classifies into living school for Professors living, and another school for Professors and assistant teachers. Answer to a questionnaire. 616 students answer to a questionnaire. 49 Perfect of 616 students like to have a member with 12 students like to have a member with 12 students, 38 percent student a member with 16 students. About the period of making practical About the period of making practical application, 76 percent students like to have two or three week period. 19 percent students think it a short period and 4 percent students think it a long period. There is none who thinks 25 day period day period to be short. About making practical application, 66 percent of 616 students feel uneasy, 40 percent students feel lack of sleep and tired. Students take a pleasure in having a conversation with their friends, inviting their mother, having dinner-party and birthday party. 77 percent students want to invite their father and 67 percent students want to invite their boy-friends. It is hard to have a good personal relation about the great the result of practice, students acknowledge themselves that they have learned about Cautiousness and they are sure of good Home Manager. There are 9 difficult problems during the period. IV. Summary discussion a. Many problems come from having a number of students. b. Students feel tired with their practice if over three weeks. No Matter how good a plan is, it useless if students can't adapt themselves to it. Suggestions 1) it is good to have a member with 5 or 6 students, and it is suitable to have two or three week period, and to have an area of 20 or 30 pyung. 2) it's proposed a profess or to live together in making practical application of Home Management 3) it is proposed a professor to have a sure T.O. and to be treated better.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.387-410
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to approach to the internal meanings included in the Happening and the culture of hippies, by analysing the basic mental conditions in the process of the Happening. And this study was composed of the concept and the development of Happening, the characteristics of the hippies that related in the midst of the happening's background, and the formativeness between these factors and hippies'fashion. Since the happening a genre of fine arts expression attended the New School for social research in New York in 1954, Allan Kaprow direct-influenced by John Cage used the word 'Hapening'first, practicing '18 Happenings in 6 parts'at the Rueben gallery in 1959. Kaprow's 18 Happenings was one of the earliest opportunities for a wider public to attend the live events that several artists had performed more privately for various friends. Despite the very different sensibilities and structures of artist's works, artists were all thrown together by the press under the general heading of 'Happening', following Kaprow's 18 Happenings. Being considered as the root of the Happening 'Expression of Sound'of John Cage was the discovery of the exisiting thing- the Happening. Most artists were to be deeply influenced by Cage's theories and attitudes-that is, his sympathy for Zen Buddihism and oriental philosophy-and by reports of the Black Mountain events. These events would directly reflect contemporary painting and stemmed from the Futurists, Dadaists and Surrealists. And Happening's development background was based on the culture of hippies. Swinging London had been under the sway of psychedelic drugs and utopian visions of 'hippie'wave sweeping in from Califonia. This wave, which affected solid middle-class youth first and formost, began in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. Without dwelling on the hippie movement here, it is worth nothing that it resulted from the convergence of several undercurrents : consciousness-expending drugs, the anti-Vietnam war developments, the impact of English pop groups on American music and the rise of protest songs, and finally the beatnik tradition of non-conformism. Hippie culture and its pursuit of love, peace and psychedelia was the antitheses of 1960s main street fashion. The media gave everyone with long hair the label of 'hippie', but it was always a very loose collage of attitudes and styles. The rejection of sexual taboos was conveyed by the hippie's refusal to wear. Although the bold exposure of body raised controversies because it went against the existing moral values, it has a significant implications. Psychedelics brought mind-expansion and the possibillity that modern technology (light show, synthesized electronic sounds), new fabrics or colors, and LSD could be utilized to provide an escape route from the dreariness of modern life. During the 1960s, traditional costumes, many of which had never been seen outside their native regions, became sought after and adopted in the West, initially by the young, who wanted to demonstrate their solidarity with cultures uncontaminated by mass industry. The most ardent proponents of such folk costumes were the hippies. Hippies dress was sometimes decribed as 'anti-fashion', produced by a patchwork of ragged cast-offs and flamboyant accessories, of outmoded Western dress and time-honored ethnic garments all combined, modified and permutated into variety of personal statements. 'Flower Power'became a reality. From the results of this study, we can see the expanding trend of the influence and the concept of the sew art genre 'Happening'in the formativeness as well as the fine arts field.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

This study is aimed at using the grasped problems of protected areas in Korea as the basic data for management planning and system improvement of protected areas by grasping realistic problems through the interview with the persons in charge on the basis of general problems of domestic protected areas. To this end, this study deducted major problems in urgent need of improvement, and improvement direction through the survey of the persons in charge of protected areas. This study result is as follows: The major problems, which should be preferentially improved, were found to be shortages of management infrastructure, cooperation between interested parties, and threat factors in protected areas, etc. Such problems are interconnected with each other, thus coming up complexly; therefore, it's necessary to make a comprehensive approach to the problems after confirming the causal relationship of the identified problems. In addition, for the purpose of effective management of a protected area, it's necessary to implement priority management of major problems through different management intensity from the planning phase. Also, it's important to enhance the effectiveness of planning by considering a possible potential threat factor in the outside of protected areas, and referring to the contents of the development plan for the relevant area in time of management planning. Lastly, there is the need for systematic improvement of an institution through thorough status review of the actual state of management planning fulfillment in order to increase the effectiveness of planning in a follow-up study hereafter.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2005

It examined the doubt point which AED motive relates until now, the AED should have bought a life how, present address of our country site pre-hospital care, comparison it tried to observe the advanced nation instance back. Gist of this research the AED important cold region once compared to informed to how many cardiac arrest patient, against him the what kind of preparation wanted informing the necessary cold region. It soaks simultaneously but the AED motive is widely supplied distant in future and it is generality and it is feeble but it wanted doing one morning. The habit difference of an American who does of course meat diet mainly and a Korean is many and it compares in the United States and the cardiac arrest patient comparison occurs holds a point few. To become Western anger but and be caused by with thin dietary life, stanching bleeding cung, with the fact that the heart attack is increasing rapidly with the hyperextension. It is a talk which anyone it knows all. The major league most Choi huy Sub in condition will catch the ball which floats and the multi co-player and to collide when falling down, the medical device which is committed with emergency aid is AED motive. From the United States subway station and the shopping which are a public place on the baseball field outside the jar which it will drive, the museum and the school, easily there is it will be able to discover the AED from the court of justice back. The Pittsburg university the students per the individual $30 the core phyey were receiving the smallness lifestyle alcoholic beverage and a AED motive actual training with mercy of degree. From the United States distant in future the AED motive is sold even from the retail store and. From our country like this plan government offices temporary disposal education from from 119 fire fighters emergency structure company in fire fighting government employee and nursing must magnify a former enterprise rainy spell in summer multi temporary disposal education with the head which it will burn with the head. This plan in early rising will be able to become fixed in Korea it forecasts with the fact that. The research which it sees it leads and like the United States to some day become fixed even from our country to believe and suspicion it is not and in the people in approach ease one AED supply plan fire fighting government employees stand in the first and feed with the fact that must be positive at this enterprise they become.

• 한국연극학
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• 제52호
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• pp.359-397
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• 2014

This paper describes dramatherapy with a bulmina nervosa patient. She was in her early 20s and has been under the various psychotherapies for cure of deep depression since 2005. We had 24 sessions and 3 persons - the patient, the therapist, and the assist-therapist- participated in dramatherapy. I found there's a big collision between her important roles in the course of initial interview and diagnosis. Those roles are 'a good daughter of mom' and 'an independent adult'. Therefore I defined her bulmina nervosa as 'an symbolic behavior repeats compulsively the failure of separation from her mother.' And I set the general goals, the separation from her mother, the awareness and expression of negative emotions, and the diminuation of overeating and vomiting. To attain these object, we had many different dramatic experiences in dramatherapy. We made a self-portrait, the mask of bulmina nervosa, family sculpture, figure work, the past I and the present I, psychodramatic scene and several stories. In order to objective assessment, I used behavioral observation and 6PSM(6 Pieces Story Making) analysis. First of all the most noticeable change was a rapid decrease in over-eating and vomiting. Before the dramatherapy she had overeaten 30 times per week. At the closure it has fallen off to 1 time per week. Another behavioral changes were shift of outward appearance, not going church, working for living, and having a date with only one. She made 3 stories on 1th session, 13th session, and 23th session. And I comparatively analysed those stories with both qualitative and quantitative method. For qualitative analysis, I classified 5 structures according to the substantial similrarity. On protagonist structure, there's no difference. Three protagonists are dead things. The type of task structure is changed from an escape, a traveling, to metamorphosis. The type of obstruction structure is changed from the protagonist to an outside object. The type of closure structure is changed from an exaggerated happy ending, sad ending to probable happy ending. To quantitify the aspects of transformation, I developed an assesment tool using likert scale. It is composed of 4 sub-categories-reality testing, imagination, ego-strength, optimism problem-solving. In reality testing category, a shift of score was 9-11-15, imagination 2-5-5, ego strength 3-2-2, optimism 6-3-7, and total score 20-21-29. This change of score reflects the growth of problem solving capacity. Viewed in this light, dramatherapy with this girl was successful on the whole. The thing had significant effect on it was psycho-dynamic approach focused on separation from her mother and defence mechanism to avoid negative emotion. And assessment method used in this case will be full of suggestions to researches to come.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2014

최근 픽셀기반분류보다 더 많은 정보를 이용할 수 있는 객체기반에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 인제군 Demilitarized Zone(DMZ)지역 일원을 대상으로 객체기반 분류기법을 이용한 토지피복분류를 실시하였다. 분류항목은 환경부 기준의 대분류 항목 7개, 중분류 항목 13개로 선정하였고, 사용된 인자는 분광 값의 평균과 표준편차, Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)의 Homogeneity를 사용하여 감독분류방법 중 최근린기법을 이용하여 계층적 토지피복도를 구축하였다. 구축된 토지피복도를 이용하여 남방한계선으로부터의 거리와 Digital elevation model(DEM)을 통해 지형특성에 따른 분류항목 별 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 객체기반 분류를 위한 최적 가중치는 Scale 72, Shape 0.2. Color 0.8, Compactness 0.5, Smoothness 0.5로 선정하였고, 가중치 선정과정에서 Scale, Shape, Color가 가장 많은 영향을 주었다. 대분류 토지피복분류는 산림, 초지, 시가지의 순으로 각각 약 92%, 약 5%, 약 2%였으며, 중분류 토지피복분류는 활엽수림, 혼효림, 침엽수림의 순으로 각각 약 44%, 약 42%, 약 6% 순으로 분포하였다. 토지피복형태에 따른 분포특성을 보면, 남방한계선으로부터 2km이내의 지역에서 공공시설 지역과 도로의 이용이 높았으며, 남방한계선 6km이상의 지역에서는 논과 밭, 나지의 형태가 많았다. 산림은 표고 600m, 경사 $30^{\circ}$이상의 지역에서는 면적분포가 높았고, 농업지역과 나지, 초지는 표고 600m, 경사 $30^{\circ}$이하의 지역에서 면적분포가 높았다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2020

국내 원전은 심층화재방어 개념에 따라 화재 발생 시 원전 외부로 방사능의 누출을 억제하고 발전소의 안전정지기능이 유지되어야 한다. 또한 화재방호 설비가 노형별 화재방호 설계 요건에 맞게 설치되어 운전 중 요구하는 설계기능이 유지되고 있는지 관련 규정에 따라 정기적인 시험으로 건전성을 확인한다. 현재 국내 원전은 원자력안전법과 국내외 소방관계법을 동시에 적용하고 있으며 특히 이러한 법규 환경과 더불어 2017년 국내 최초 영구 정지된 고리1호기에도 유사한 규정이 적용될 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 향후 단계적인 해체원전의 증가를 고려하여 해체특성을 고려한 화재방호 세부 규제규정이 마련되어 체계적으로 해체원전의 화재방호프로그램이 정착되는 기반을 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서 원전을 다수 운영 중인 미국, 일본, 캐나다 및 유럽 국가들의 원자력 법령체계를 검토하였고, 해외 해체 원전에 활용되고 있는 미국 영구정지 및 해체원전의 화재방호 규제지침인 Reg Guide 1.191의 규제 요건을 고려한 해체원전의 화재방호프로그램 법령체계 마련을 위한 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 해체원전의 화재방호프로그램 최적화 및 화재분야의 원전 해체 기반기술 확보를 위해 화재방호 규정 마련을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

건설 산업은 혼합 폐기물 발생이 많고, 잦은 설계변경으로 인해 전략적인 폐기물 관리가 어려운 것이 현실이다. 이러한 현실 때문에 현장에서는 단순히 발생된 폐기물을 분류하여 보관 및 처리하는 수동적인 사후대처식 폐기물 관리방식을 고수하고 있다. 그러나 사후대처식 폐기물 관리방식은 체계적인 건설폐기물 관리가 어려워 현장의 폐기물 절감 노력을 저해할 뿐만 아니라 폐기물 중간 처리 업체에 의존하는 원인이다. 본 연구에서는 사후대처식 건설폐기물 관리 방식의 한계를 극복하고 보다 체계적으로 건설폐기물 관리를 수행하기 위해 폐기물의 성상, 발생량, 발생 시점을 예측하는 건설폐기물 관리시스템과 건설폐기물의 현장재활용을 유도하는 폐기물 공유 체계를 제안하고, 대상건축물에 적용하여 시스템의 유효성을 검증하고자 한다.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.47-88
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• 2017

창조 경제 내 문화산업과 창의성이 선진국가의 정책적, 학문적 관심사가 된지 이미 오래다. 이에 관한 핵심적 주제 중 하나인 창의인력 측정법 연구는 2000년대부터 시작되었으며, 보다 정확한 산출을 목표로 많은 연구자들에 의해 지금까지 발전을 거듭하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 '창조경제'란 국가적 모토 아래 창조산업과 창조인력에 대한 관심이 학문적 연구로 표출되기 시작했으나, 창의인력 측정에 대한 방법론 연구는 아직 부재하다. 이와 더불어 창의인력 지도화 연구의 기초적 토대가 되는 창조산업이나 창조직업에 대한 명확한 개념적 논의 또한 부족하며, 이를 구분하는 구체적인 분류기준 역시 부재하다. 따라서 본 연구는 고용노동부의 고용, 노동 자료에 산업적 접근과 직업적 접근이 모두 가능한 창의 트라이던트(Creative Trident) 기법을 도입해 창의인력의 크기를 계산하였다. 이를 통해 전 산업과 직업에서 활동하는 국내 창의 인력의 크기와 모습을 측정할 수 있었고, 내재 인력의 크기도 확인할 수 있었다.