• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.328-347
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• 1999

The substitution of Electronic Commerce(EC) for the traditional transactions triggers the changes of the industry structures and promotes the cost reductions of the firms in the areas of distributions and other administrative operations associated with purchase via EC. Our study clarifies the changes of the environments attributable to EC which are faced inter-and-externally by firms and try to exhibit the trend of EC market growth through such descriptions. Regardless of the rapid spread of EC, recent studies do not show appropriately its impact on the relevant industries and our domestic economy. Therefore, our study focuses on the forecasting of the impacts of EC on the domestic productions and imports. To this end, we develop an analytic framework using the existing data in Input/Output Analysis and the estimations of the EC market growth in the future. We, finally, identify the industrial sectors whose productions and imports are estimated to be accelerated by the extension of EC and forecast the whole effects of EC on domestic productions and imports.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.341-347
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• 2000

To estimate crack growth rate and cycle ratio uniquely, many investigators have developed various kinds of mechanical parameters and theories. But, these have produced local solution space through single parameter. Neural Networks can perform pattern classification using several input and output parameters. Fatigue damage model by neural networks was used to recognize the relation between da/dN N/Nf, and half-value breadth ratio B/BO0, fractal dimension Df and fracture mechanical parameters in 2024-T3 ability to predict both crack growth rate da/dN and cycle ratio N/Nf within engineering estimated mean error (5%).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.375-378
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• 2008

This paper aims at identifying the factors that have influenced changes in the level of industrial $CO_2$ emissions. By means of complete decomposition method the observed changes are analyzed into five different factors: output level, energy intensity, energy mix and structural change and utility use. The application study refers to the manufacturing sectors in Korea. Moreover, this paper discusses the relationship between Korea's manufacturing $CO_2$ emission and economic growth (as measured by GDP), investigating whether economic growth is decoupling from $CO_2$ emission.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-97
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• 2021

China has experienced many structural changes in the process of economic development over the past three decades. Using a time-varying parameter VAR model with stochastic volatility and mixture innovations, this study investigates whether such structural changes in, especially tools and operational aims of monetary policy, affect the monetary transmission mechanism. We find that impulse responses of output growth and inflation to monetary shocks have substantially increased and then reversed to decrease around 2005-2006. This time variation is mainly caused by changes in the monetary transmission mechanism, i.e., the manner in which main macroeconomic variables respond to policy shocks, rather than by changes in volatilities of exogenous shocks. The result implies that aggressive monetary policy to facilitate economic growth in the developing economies may be legitimized, unless it causes inflation seriously.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.135-157
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• 2019

The linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes are long-standing issue to both economists and monetary authorities. This paper explores the impact of asset prices on output and price in China. It focuses on the impacts of asset prices on the low quantiles of GDP gap and high quantiles of price gaprespectively. The main findings are the following: the influence of stock price gap, stock returns, and money growth on the different quantile of GDP gap and price gap are noticeable different, and there are significant impacts on the left tail of GDP gap distribution and on the right tail of price gap distribution. This implies that the results coming from simple regression will underestimate the economic risk imposed by asset price volatility. Moreover, these results also provide the caveat that one should cautiously distinguish the meaning of asset price gap and asset price growth rate and use them, through their contents are similar in some sense. One implication for monetarypolicy is that authority should interpret the relationship between asset prices and macro-economy in wider perspectives, and make the policy decision taking the impacts of asset prices on the tails of economy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to estimate total factor productivity(TFP) growth by stochastic frontier function and to grasp contributing factors of its growth rate by decomposing the total factor productivity into efficiency change, technical progress, scale change, and allocation change. Annual growth rate of total factor productivity for 1990-2003 is 0.019 (1.9%), higher than that of overall industry (0.010). The main component of TFP growth is not efficiency change but technical progress. Contributing factors of total factor productivity growth are change of allocation efficiency in port industry, technical progress in sea-transportation industry, and change of scale efficiency in transportation-equipment industry. The change of total factor productivity shows a decreasing trend since late in the 1990s. The annual technical efficiency of port-logistics industry is less than that of overall industry. Capital elasticity for output (0.391) is higher than labor elasticity (0.227), but scale economy of port-logistics industry is 0.618, which is far from optimal scale economy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.856-864
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• 2023

There are a variety of microorganisms in the animal intestine, and it has been known that they play important roles in the host such as suppression of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, modulation of the gut immunity. In addition, the gut microbiota and the livestock growth performance have long been known to be related. Therefore, we evaluated the interrelation between the growth performance and the gut microbiome of the pigs from 3 different farms, with pigs of varied ages ready to be supplied to the market. When pigs reached average market weight of 118 kg, the average age of pigs in three different farms were < 180 days, about 190 days, and > 200 days, respectively. Fecal samples were collected from pigs of age of 70 days, 100 days, 130 days, and 160 days. The output data of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing by the Illumina Miseq platform was filtered and analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)2, and the statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP). The results of this study showed that the gut microbial communities shifted as pigs aged along with significant difference in the relative abundance of different phyla and genera in different age groups of pigs from each farm. Even though, there was no statistical differences among groups in terms of Chao1, the number of observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the Shannon index, our results showed higher abundances of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Lactobacillus in the feces of pigs with rapid growth rate. These results will help us to elucidate important gut microbiota that can affect the growth performance of pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.592-600
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• 2003

Male rats were fed a purified diet containing one of 3 experimental diets, gelatinized rice starch that was not modified physically (RC), gelatinized physically modified rice starch using ultrasonic homogenizer(RU), gelatinized physically modified rice starch using hydroshear homogenizer(RH) during 28 days. RC was used as the rice starch control. Feeding a physically modified rice starch (RU) caused an increase in liver weight and RH increased RNA and protein contents in kidney significantly although there were no differences in food intakes compared to feeding a RC diet. The wet weight of liver, kidney and heart were higher in RU. The wet weights of fecal output of the rats fed RH was greater than in rice control group. The gut transit time was longer in the rats fed RH than in the rice control group significantly. Serum GOT, GPT, total bilirubin concentration were tended to be lower and blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower in RH group. The maturation index of kidney was higher in RU than in RC. These results suggest that physically modified rice starch improved growth performance and physiological functions in organs of growing rats.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.29-43
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• 2019

This study aims to estimate the economic effect of Korea's transition to a developed country in WTO negotiations. If Korea develops into an advanced country, it must give up many advantages in the agricultural sector. In particular, limiting the scope of sensitive items, giving up the selection of special items, and drastic tariff reductions are expected to have greater negative effects on the agricultural sector. According to research results, Korea's GDP rose slightly from 0.2 to 0.8 percent following the DDA settlement. Especially when China is classified as an advanced country along with Korea, Korea's GDP appears to be growing even more. On the other hand, damage is expected in most areas of agriculture. The trade deficit in the agriculture sector is expected to widen as output in the agricultural sector decreases, and import growth exceeds export growth. In the non-agricultural sector, there are no significant differences in the change in WTO status. However, if China is grouped together as an advanced country, the export growth rate of the Korean manufacturing industry appears greater.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.756-764
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• 2009

Provision of an optimal environment for the calf is critical to establishing the patterns of growth and development essential to allow the heifer to express its genetic potential for milk output and reproductive capacity during its productive life. Maternal nutrition during gestation is now recognised as a key to genetic programming in utero and this influence is extended through the complexity of hormones, growth factors and immunostimulants incorporated into colostrum and milk consumed by the neonatal calf. This natural process is most often disrupted as calves are weaned abruptly to maximise milk output for commercial exploitation. The key then is to accelerate the rate of maturation of the ruminal epithelium through the provision of concentrate starter rations and high quality forage, which promote VFA production. Management systems to promote these processes in Holstein Friesian cattle are well developed, however, little is known of these processes with buffalo and Bos indicus dairy cattle such as the Sahiwal. The development of methods to program the neonate to grow faster to puberty in these species will be important to improving their productivity for the dairy industries in tropical and sub-tropical environments in the future.