• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2023

Background: Messaging surrounding skin cancer prevention has previously focused on the general public and emphasized how or when activities should be undertaken to reduce solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Generic messages may not be applicable to all settings, and should be tailored to protect unique and/or highly susceptible subpopulations, such as outdoor workers. The primary objective of this study was to develop a set of tailored, practical, harm-reducing sun safety messages that will better support outdoor workers and their employers in reducing the risk of solar UVR exposure and UVR-related occupational illnesses. Methods: We adapted a core set of sun safety messages previously developed for the general population to be more applicable and actionable by outdoor workers and their employers. This study used an integrated knowledge translation approach and a modified Delphi method (which uses a survey-based consensus process) to tailor the established set of sun safety messages for use for outdoor worker populations. Results: The tailored messages were created with a consideration for what is feasible for outdoor workers, and provide users with key facts, recommendations, and tips related to preventing skin cancer, eye damage, and heat stress, specifically when working outdoors. Conclusion: The resulting tailored messages are a set of evidence-based, expert- approved, and stakeholder-workshopped messages that can be used in a variety of work settings as part of an exposure control plan for employers with outdoor workers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.10
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2007

This study examined the actual conditions of outdoor facilities and evaluated safety evaluations levels in playgrounds based on types of kindergartens. The samples for the survey were 100 kindergartens in Seongnam city Gyeonggi-Do province. Most outdoor facilities consisted of playgrounds with sand area and complex playing equipments, while wood-working area, sensory playing area, and mud playing area were less equipped than other facilities. In the case of outdoor playing facilities there were meaningful environmental differences within kindergartens. The public has less diversity in play areas and equipments and providing safety guidelines in playgrounds than privates. The score for the safety evaluations in the outdoor play environment was higher than average. As the range outdoor playing facilities increased, safety was dually considered, while kindergartens with a higher ratio of child-teacher numbers exhibited less consideration to playground safety.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to develop a scale of outdoor school safety behavior in Korean elementary students. Methods : A list of 40 items were selected by priori experiences of school health teachers and a literature review. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 32 items, questionnaires were reviewed by an expert group which was consisted of 10 professionals. Validity of the 31 items was screened in this process with 4 point Likert scale. Using the preliminary tool. data were collected from 684 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. A total of 26 items were remained, and items with the lower than 0.2 item-total correlation coefficient were removed. Factor analysis was done with these 26 items, and 26 items with factor loadings higher or equal to 0.4 were remained. Relsult : 1. Cronbach's alpha for the 26 items was 0.70 2. Five factors were identified with eigen value 1.0 These contributed $51.617\%$ of the variance in the total score. 3. Each factor was labled 'vonobserbance of safety rule', 'good habit for safety', 'careless action', 'lack of safety knowledge', 'injurious action to friend' It is suggested that this scale could be used to measure outdoor school safety behaviors among elementary students in Korea.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

This research aims to orientation for new ways to improve school safety environment composition : The first study was the survey of various literature and status on primary school safety has been established in residential developments in urban areas were investigated and analyzed. This study was constructed as follows : The first chapter of the study is composed with the purpose, contents and configuration of study, definitions of terms, and consists of a limitation of such studies. And in chapter 2, we define such concepts, the range of school safety incidents. In Chapter 3, the nation's school safety situation was investigated, And in the fourth chapter introduced the practice of foreign school safety plan, Chapter 5 was to provide direction for future school safety and accident prevention plan. Including 12 new elementary school in Dongbaek district and Dongtan New-Town 20 new elementary schools in the metropolitan area of New-City were examined for safety issues, such as the environment of school, school zones, school premises form compositions and its outdoor and indoor facilities. This study was aimed at some of the nation's metropolitan New Town Elementary School. Therefore, there is a limit to this generalization. Also planned construction safety plan elements for the indoor facilities are further studies are needed for this hayeoteumeuro excluded. In addition, the architectural planning elements of the school safety needs additional studies is excluded.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2015

The physical environment can dramatically affect students' feeling and their behavior, educational attainment, and the way in which we do school activities. Unlimited access to campus areas without appropriate securities have reported an increase of crime in school area and safety issues has encouraged school facility planners to install securities devices at every corner of buildings. However, it is still questionable whether this approach is enough to protect students and staffs from the victimization of crime, including thefts, burglaries and sexual offences. There has been continued doubt about the safety of educational facilities where individual college students are studying and enjoying extra-curricular activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is intended to investigate the effects of perception of safety by students on the level of academic performance at public outdoor environment of university campus. An extensive literature noted that the central element of modern school design principle mainly holds the theory of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and the concept of defensible space. The second generation of CPTED also focused on social soft issues as well as situational factors, which extends beyond mere physical design to include social factors. The correlation analysis found that the effect of sense of safety does appear to be statistically significant on the facilitation of academic achievement. However, the analysis of Chi-square concluded that the perception of safety was not related to demographic and socio-economic profiles of the group except for gender. Further, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most prime predictor for academic achievement were 'safe public outdoor space/paths' at university campus environment, implying careful design of public open space and sidewalks based on the guideline of CPTED. The study also demonstrated that as the level of positive perception of safety rose, the overall academic achievement also responded to the specified rate (${\beta}=.99$). Finally, the findings reinforce an evidence that high-quality school environments are a positive factor in student academic performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.4 s.72
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 2005

The housing is a human's basic space and the comfort and the safety are the most basic conditions. According to the flow of age for Well-Being since the 21th, the suppliers and the users of apartment are making best effort now for the embossment of green environmental quality of apartment, and outstretch their hands for marketing strategic purposes in a side of indoor and outdoor environment with distinctive elements. But these supply and use are on progress competitively with the simple distinction, it is thought that indoor and outdoor environment are must be promoted according to the survey of residents' consciousness. So this study aims to provide basic materials with residents for the promotion of comfortable dwelling environment by solving the basic safety problem and also aims to survey and analyze the residents' safety consciousness in object of physical and non-physical environmental quality of indoor and outdoor of apartment by analyzing indoor air quality pollution, the feeling of being victimize caused by air pollution and safety consciousness according to physical environment elements.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2006

This study aims at providing suitable outdoor spaces for physical, social, and psychological condition of Korea elderly, examining design characteristics and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed existing outdoor space for elderly. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out four silver towns. As a result, first, the study showd that characteristics of outdoor space are related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly related facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, four silver town cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly. These spaces should be designed for both neighborhood and elderly people.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.208-212
• /
• 2016

Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.1383-1392
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide suitable outdoor spaces for Korean elderly, examining characteristics and types of existing outdoor spaces and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed twelve cases of elderly housing complex. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out on twelve cases. As a result, first, the study showed that outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types; entrance area of housing complex, building entrance area, outdoor living area, in & outdoor neutral area, and parking lots. Outdoor living area is subdivided into residents' public space, green space, health & sports space and landscape space. Characteristics of outdoor space are deeply related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, twelve cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose the environmental planning guidelines of elementary school settings for a crime safety. The research methodologies To achieve the goal, the literature review analysis and the survey were used as main research methodologies. The survey is organized as follows. First, elementary education facilities were divided into 20 spaces based on the major space. Second, after analyzing the domestic and foreign CPTED Guidelines, elements of environmental planning were classified to fit in the space. Based on this, the expert survey was conducted. The results of this study are as follows; First, it is necessary to consider specific places such as 'toilets', 'parking lot', 'in-between space', 'main access road', 'sub-access road' and 'harmful facilities around school' for safer school environment. Second, it is significant to plan 'equipment facilities' and 'outdoor space in the school setting' with priority for elementary education environment. Third, environmental planning elements for safer elementary schools can be classified into 9 factors(types) including 'natural surveillance planning', 'territoriality reinforcement planning', 'mechanical surveillance planning', 'access control planning' and 'neighborhood reinforcement planning'. Forth, regarding 'indoor space', crime-free elementary school environment can be build through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'territoriality reinforcement planning'. Finally, regarding 'outdoor space', the crime can be prevented through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'access control planning'.