• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 2022

Objective: In order to promote the rights of childcare teachers, there is a need to identify problems and demands about the rights of childcare teachers. Therefore, this study sought to examine the perception of childcare teachers' rights in order to identify the concepts of teacher rights. Methods: This study used the concept mapping method to identify the concepts of childcare teachers' teacher rights and interpreted these concepts utilizing the multi-dimension analysis method. Results: As a result of interviews from eight childcare teachers, 37 statements were derived. The result of similarities evaluated by 28 childcare teachers showed that 37 statements about teachers' rights consisted of two dimensions and four clusters (direct-indirect and indoor-outdoor of day-care center). Conclusion/Implications: This study suggested that direct and indirect efforts are needed to enhance the rights of childcare teachers and that change is necessary not only within daycare centers such as the principal but that change is also necessary outside daycare centers such as at government agencies in relation to daycare teachers's rights.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

This study investigates the exercise-physiological changes in stages through the movement of the automatic stepper and to analyze the usefulness of the automatic stepper. For 18 male university students, out of 10 levels, 5 level and 10 level of automatic stepper exercise were performed. At each 10, 20, 30 minutes during exercise, 5 and 10 minutes after exercise stop the subjects were examined to analyze the changes in energy consumption after minutes, respiratory exchange rate, heart rate, oxygen consumption per body weight, METs, cumulative energy consumption, and lactic acid to verify the usefulness of the automatic stepper. The mean and standard deviation were calculated using the SPSS, and one-way ANOVA with repeated measure was performed to verify the difference in the mean between time periods. The LSD method was used for the post-hoc test, and the significance level was set to α = .05. There were no significant changes in both 5 and 10 level, but the cumulative energy consumption over time increased significantly. In addition, as a low-intensity exercise intensity is shown, a low increase in lactic acid indicated a safe exercise level. In future studies, in-depth studies of various variables through regular exercise programs are needed for those who need safe exercise.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to review previous literature to determine the effects of nature-based program for workers. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency's guidance for undertaking systematic reviews for intervention. Literature search was performed using National Assembly Digital Library, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Korea Education & Research Information Service for literature published until March 2019. The participants were full-time workers, and intervention of nature-based programs was conducted in the outdoor, indoor, and indirect nature contact exposures, with comparators in the control group who did not receive the treatment. The results showed that the programs were effective in physical, psychological, and social health. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias(RoB) tool, while non-randomized controlled trials (N-RCT) were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studuies (RoBANS). A total of 16 studies were selected for assessment: two RCTs, 10 N-RCTs, and four one-group pretest-posttest designs. Most interventions were provided at the workplace and in the community. There were many kinds of nature-based interventions, and forest therapy and horticultural therapy programs were most common. Various interventions for workers effectively improved job stress, depression, serum cortisol and stress-response. However, the included studies lacked methodological rigor. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of nature-based programs for workers using rigorous research designs.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Purpose: Children's swimming pools are picking up faster than the other types of swimming pool. Yet, safety law-related studies are still lack. This study is to review legal status of children's swimming pool in Korea and to discuss the related legal issues for safety management of children's swimming pool. Research design, data, and methodology: The study reviewed law and clauses for sport facility management and related legal clauses with chilren's swimming pool management, and sport facility-related articles. Results: Safety management of children's swimming pool should currently follow law for sport and physical education facility management because of no its own legal norm for children's swimming pool. Given this, specific law and clauses for children's pool management need to be legislated to prevent risks for children and to satisfy specific safety factors considering careless behavior of children. Conclusions: Regarding this, the study points out five suggestions. First, law should be established to make notification of safety rules mandatory and this notification should be placed in the pool. This notification would be better effective if it is visualized. Second, according to law, safety 7 rules of children' s swimming pool need to be legistrated and educated for pool managers to obey them. Pool managers could also add their own rules to the 7 rules. Finally, preparation of emergency kits and safety devices need to be mandatory in the pool. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze power and agility, which are factors that affect performance, by dividing adult fin swimmers into groups by male and female careers, and use them as basic data for improving performance during fin swimmer guidance and training. Research design, data, and methodology: Accordingly, 21 fin swimmers were selected and they were divided to four groups by gender and career to conduct experiments. Power and agility, which are factors related to performance of fin swimmers, were measured. Independent sample T-Test was conducted to verify differences between groups. Results: As a result of this study, there was no statistically significant difference in power and agility by the careers of male and female athletes. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as basic data for organizing training programs suitable for the gen-der of fin swimmers and basic data for the guidance and training of fin swimmers. In future follow-up studies, based on the results of this study, it is expected that follow-up studies should be con-ducted to improve detailed performance according to age, fin swimming events, and gender. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2016

This study examined the meaning of instructional materials by observing the daily work of an infant class in a daycare center to make some suggestions on the accreditation and evaluation of instructional materials for early childhood education and educare. Ethnography was chosen to determine in detail what the instructional materials meant for the selected preschoolers. The activities that belonged to each area of free optional activities and made use of instructional materials were observed, and the eating time, nap time, and outdoor play were all observed. The data were gathered by visiting the selected daycare center. A participant observation and teacher interviews were conducted, and notes were taken on the spot. When their verbal expressions and nonverbal expressions needed to be observed owing to their unique characteristics, a camcorder was used to record their words to have a more profound understanding of them. All the collected data that included this researcher's observation note, the teacher interview data, the standard childcare curriculum manual, the daycare center's yearly, and the daily childcare plans and curriculum evaluation data were classified and categorized by performing an inductive analysis. As a result, the instructional materials had three meanings for the infants. The first was "friends who welcomed them and whom they could play with.' The second was "a cozy nest," and the third was "another teacher." Given the findings of the study, the preparation of standards for instructional materials for infants in childcare facilities is required, and even equipment that is used as instructional materials should be taken into consideration when instructional materials for infants are accredited.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.673-677
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• 2017

The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Dirofilaria immitis infection in cats from Liaoning province, northeastern China. From October 2014 to September 2016, sera of 651 cats, including 364 domestic cats and 287 feral cats (332 females and 319 males) were assessed. They were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using SNAP Heartworm RT test kit. In this population, the average prevalence was 4.5%. Age and rearing conditions (feral or domestic) were found to be associated with the prevalence of D. immitis. The prevalence was significantly higher in feral cats compared with domestic cats (8.4% vs 1.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females (4.7% vs 4.2%, P>0.05), but older cats (${\geq}3$ years old) showed a statistically higher prevalence compared with younger cats (<3 years old) in feral populations (16.8 vs 2.4%, P<0.01), while the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant in domestic cats (2.4% vs 0.51%, P>0.05), all these results suggest that outdoor exposure time may be one of the most important factors for D. immitis prevalence in cats. Results reveal that D. immitis are prevalence in domestic and feral cats in northeastern China, which indicates that appropriate preventive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of feline heartworm disease in Liaoning province, northeastern China.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine the behavior patterns and activities related to the clothing of older women. A total of 31 older women were interviewed regarding indoor/outdoor wearing conditions, thermal sensation indoors, and their clothing perception related to health. The final outcomes were as follows. Firstly, interviewees viewed indoor temperature as neutral in the spring and fall. Many people felt cool or warm in the summer and warm or cold in the winter. Secondly, they controlled indoor temperature with an air conditioner and/or fan and by opening the window and/or wearing less clothing. In winter, most respondents used a heating system and wore more clothing. It seemed that the level of dependence on clothing was higher in winter. Thirdly, the number of garment layer indoors was similar among the four seasons, and many wore underwear. However, there were individual variations. Fourthly, interviewees tended to perceive clothing in relation to health. Textile materials appropriate to the season were firstly viewed as related to health, followed by climate adaptability, clothing pressure, UV protection, and aesthetic satisfaction. Fifthly, respondents showed positive attitudes towards health improvement by clothing even though they lacked information on it. From this research, older women showed positive the perception and attitudes regarding clothing from a health perspective. Since they lacked information, education is needed regarding the bases and ways to improve health through clothing behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.144-164
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• 2010

This study aims to reveal path selection strategies and individual differences in a navigation task. Two experiments were presented that studied human route planning performance as well as the cognitive strategies and processes involved. For the outdoor task, university students were asked to select a route based on the instruction, i.e. to find the best route from the campus main gate to the Education Building for conference visitors by locating eight signposts. Results indicate (1) that locations of signposts were selected preferably at decision points where the traveler needs to make a choice and starting/ending points of the navigation task and (2) a variety of route planning strategies considering efficiency goal (e.g., the shortest path), environmental characteristics (e.g., fewest turns), and aesthetic purpose (e.g., most scenic) were used. It is notable that some participants took into account more than one path by locating one or two signposts on an alternative route while others preferred a linear route connecting signposts between the start point and the destination. Prior to the main experiment, the same participants were asked to complete the same task inside the classroom to investigate changes in strategies between two tasks. Participants often tend to place signposts at more regular intervals for the indoor navigation task than the same task conducted outside.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.65-89
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the science concepts and teaching and learning methods presented in the science education-related activities of the Nuri Curriculum teacher guidebooks for ages 3-5. Methods: The research data included 772 activities related to science education in the teachers' guidebook. The analysis of science concepts was based on physical science (force and motion, physical structure, electricity and magnetism, light and shadow, sound properties), chemistry (material properties, material reaction), life science (organizational structure, growth and change, heredity and evolution, animal plant and human relationships), earth science (earth system interaction, earth system structure, and universe), engineering (designed world, engineering design, engineering, technology and society) and ecology (environment preservation). Teaching and learning methods were analyzed according to the types of small and large group activities and of free play activities. Results: Science concepts were mainly presented in the fields of engineering, chemistry, and life science commonly among children aged 3-5, whereas the concepts of physical science were lowly presented in all ages. Science concepts appeared mainly in the daily subjects of 'animal plant and nature', 'life tools', 'environment and life', and 'spring, summer, autumn and winter'. As the teaching and learning method, free paly activities (science area, free outdoor selection activity, math and manipulative activity) were mostly used for the ages of 3 and 4, and small and large group activities (cooking, story sharing, music activity) were for the age of 5. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to select the level of science area and concept that can be taught according to the age of children and the timing of the teaching.