• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2017

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate and compare the efficacies of caudal epidural injections performed at prone and lateral decubitus positions. Methods : A total of 120 patients suffering from low back pain and radicular leg pain were included and patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups according to the position during injection. In Group 1 (n=60; 32 women, 28 men), caudal epidural injection was performed at prone position, whereas it was implemented at lateral decubitus position in Group 2 (n=60; 33 women, 27 men). Visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), walking tolerance (WT) and standing tolerance (ST) were compared in 2 groups before and after injection. Results : In Group 1, ODI values were higher at 30th minute (p=0.007), 3rd week (p=0.043) and 6th month (p=0.013). In Group 1, ODI, VAS and ST values were improved significantly at all follow-up periods compared to initial values. In Group 1, WT scores were better than initial values at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month. In Group 2, ODI scores at 30th minute, 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month were improved while VAS and ST scores were improved at all periods after injection. WT scores were better at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month compared to initial WT scores. Conclusion : Our results indicated that application of injection procedure at lateral decubitus position allowing a more concentrated local distribution may provide better relief of pain.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2018

Objective : This case study reports the therapeutic effect of Korean Medicine (KM) treatments including CS(care special pain) and BV(bee venom) pharmacopuncture on herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) of lumbar spine(L-spine). Methods : Two patients diagnosed with HIVD of L-spine were treated with CS and BV pharmacopuncture on GV3 and EX-B2, acupuncture, cupping, and herbal medicine. The Numeric Rating Scale(NRS), the Oswestry low back pain Disablility Index(ODI) and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire(RMDQ) scores were evaluated before and after treatment for comparison. Results : Low back pain(LBP) and radiating pain was improved with a decrease in patients' NRS, ODI and RMDQ scores. Conclusion : These results suggest that KM treatments including combined CS and BV pharmacopuncture could be an effective treatment on patients with HIVD of L-Spine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.189-202
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Chuna treatment (Saban-method technique) on acute lumbar sprain patients with limited range of motion(LOM). Methods : Three patients suffered from acute lumbar sprain with LOM, were treated with Chuna therapy(Saban-method technique), acupuncture, herbal medicine, physical therapy and measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and ODI(Oswestry Disability Index). Results : After Chuna treatment and oriental medical treatments, we found out a recovery from three patients suffering from acute low back pain with LOM. Conclusions : Through this study, we suggest that Chuna treatment(Saban-method technique) and oriental medical treatments was effective to cure acute lumbar sprain patient with LOM.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects between the degree of herniated intervertebral lumbar disc (HIVD) at L4-5 level and improvement of low back pain treated by Korean Medicine therapy. Methods 567 patients who received inpatient treatment from May 2014 to December 2015 in the Daejeon-Jaseng of Korean Medicine Hospital were divided into 6 groups by the degree of HIVD at L4-5 level confirmed with a Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. All patients received a combination of treatment including acupunture, chuna manual therapy, pharmacopunture, herbal medication. They were compared and analyzed on the basis of improvement between measuring Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ5D Index) as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 23.0 for windows. Results After treatment, Normal stage on Intervertebral Lumbar Disc at L4-5 level group's Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ5D Index) improvement was $1.30{\pm}1.62$, $4.52{\pm}11.82$ and $0.04{\pm}0.11$ respectively. Bulging group's improvement was $3.25{\pm}2.81$, $8.28{\pm}13.02$ and $0.09{\pm}0.17$ respectively. Spinal canal occupying ratio (SOR) less than 20 group's improvement was $2.15{\pm}1.92$, $11.79{\pm}17.81$ and $0.13{\pm}0.23$ respectively. SOR 20 to less than 40 stage group's improvement was $2.13{\pm}1.92$. $10.79{\pm}15.93$ and $0.10{\pm}0.26$ respectively. SOR 40 to less than 60 group's improvement was $2.16{\pm}2.24$, $9.80{\pm}16.62$ and $0.15{\pm}0.25$ respectively. Surgery group's improvement was $2.47{\pm}2.21$, $11.64{\pm}18.53$ and $0.15{\pm}0.27$ respectively (p<0.03). But there was no statistically significance between 6 group's improvement after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions After inpatient treatment by Korean Medicine therapy, Most patient's pain, disability and Health Related Quality of Life was improved significantly. But there was no statistically correlation between the degree of HIVD at L4-5 level and improvement of low back pain. So We think that future research of higher quality and correct statistics shall be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2019

Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) injections for decompressive neuroplasty (DN) can cause pain. We assessed whether a continuous infusion of HS through an infusion pump would reduce injection-related pain compared with repeated bolus administrations. Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for DN were randomized to either the bolus injection or the continuous infusion group. After appropriately placing the epidural catheter, 4 mL of 5% NaCl was injected as four boluses of 1 mL each at 15-minute intervals or infused over 1 hour using an infusion pump. The severity of pain induced by HS injection, as measured by the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS), was the primary outcome. The severity of low back or lower extremity pain, as measured by the 11-point NRS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 3 months following the procedure, was the secondary outcome. Results: Data from 21 patients in the bolus group and 23 in the continuous infusion group were analyzed. No statistically significant difference in injection-related pain was identified between the two groups during the initial HS administration (P = 0.846). However, there was a statistically significant reduction in injection-related pain in the continuous infusion group compared to the bolus injection group from the second assessment onwards (P = 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). No significant between-group differences in the NRS and ODI scores 3 months post-procedure were noted (P = 0.614 and 0.949, respectively). Conclusions: Our study suggests that administering HS through a continuous infusion is a useful modality for reducing HS injection-related pain during DN.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the effects of lumbar dysfunction and balance when office workers with chronic back pain performed the abdominal drawing-in maneuver. Methods: A total of 16 office workers with chronic low back pain were included in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the general and abdominal drawing-in maneuver groups. The intervention was applied for 6 weeks, 3 times a week, 70 min per day. Participants in the general exercise group(n=8) performed the general physical therapy and lumbar flexibility exercise, whereas those in the abdominal drawing-in maneuver group(n=8) performed the general physical therapy and lumbar stabilization exercise using abdominal drawing-in maneuver(3 times/week for 6 weeks). All tests, were the Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI) and balance ability, were completed pre and post-intervention. Results: Significant improvements in the KODI and balance ability test were observed in the abdominal drawing-in exercise group (p<.05), whereas no significant changes (p>.05) were observed in the general exercise group. Conclusion: This study revealed that abdominal drawing-in maneuver can effectively improve the lumbar dysfunction and balance ability of office workers with chronic back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to conduct inter-rater and intra-rater reliability tests in patients with low back pain (LBP) using the prone instability test (PIT) and side-lying instability test (SIT). We have analyzed the Korean version Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) correlations and radiograph finding (RF) for validity. METHODS: Individuals (n = 51) (mean age of 40.27 ± 13.28) with LBP for at least over a week were recruited, together with two participating physical therapist examiners. The measurement consisted of PIT, PST, K-ODI, and RF. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value, negative predictive value, prevalence index, agreement %, Cohen's kappa, and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were calculated. The PIT and SIT were compared with RF for validity analysis, while PIT, SIT, K-ODI, and RF were calculated for the correlation analysis. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability test measured for the PIT (kappa = .79, PABAK = .88) and SIT (kappa = .73, PABAK = .84), and inter-rater reliability test measured for the SIT (kappa = .80, PABAK = .88) showed good agreements. The PIT (Sn = .65, Sp = .63) and SIT validities (Sn = .68, Sp = .70) were compared with RF, showing a significant correlation in PIT and RF (r = .69), SIT and RF (r = .73), and PIT and K-ODI (r = .53). CONCLUSION: The SIT is a more comfortable position test than the PIT in patients. Both PIT and SIT have acceptable reliability and validity.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.804-813
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• 2018

Objective To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE). Methods Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment). Results According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group. Conclusion HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.71-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of atrophy of the multifidus and psoas major, of pain and disability with chronic low back pain in private guard and security. For 42 patients diagnosed with CLBP, and divided into spinal stabilization exercise group(SSEG) and general spinal strengthening exercise group(GSSEG). Each exercise was conducted for 10 weeks. Pain and disability were measured before and after exercise using the Visual analogue scale(VAS) and the Oswestry disability index(ODI). Cross section area(CSA) of both the left and right multifidus and the psoas major at the upper end plate of L4 were measured before and after exercise using computed tomography(CT). After 10 weeks of exercise, the both group's pain and lumbar disability were significantly decreased(p<0.01). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, the CSA of the left and right multifidus and posas major were significantly increased as compared to the pre-exercise in both group(p<0.01). But SSEG's cross sectional areas of multifidus was more significantly increase than GSSEG(p<0.05). In summary, Spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving atrophy in private guard and security patients, in reducing patients' pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Pharmacopuncture Treatment with Chuna Treatments for Low Back Pain caused by Traffic accidents. Methods : This study was carried out on 81 patients with low back pain caused by Traffic accidents. The patients were divided into 2 group ; The pharmacopuncture(A) group was treated by pharmacopuncture treatment. The chuna(B) group was treated by chuna treatment. We measured Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) on the patients before the treatment and on the 2nd, and 4th weeks after the treatments. Results : After being treated by our methods, the ODI and VAS score's were improved after the 4th weeks treatment in both groups. There is no significant difference on ODI and VAS score after the 4th weeks treatment in both groups. In the early stages(from pre to 2 weeks worth of treatment), Group A showed a decreasing VAS score compared to Group B. In the final stages(from 2 weeks to 4 weeks worth of treatment), Group B showed a higher decreasing amount compared to Group A in VAS score. Conclusions : The results suggest that both pharmacopuncture treatment and chuna treatment is considered to be effective and useful on low back pain caused by traffic accidents. There is no significant difference between pharmacopuncture treatment and chuna treatment for low back pain caused by traffic accidents, however the early stages of treatments(from pre to 2 weeks treatement) show that pharmocopouncture treatment is more effective than chuna treatment for low back pain by traffic accidents. In the final stages(from 2 weeks to 4 weeks treatment), chuna treatment is more effective than pharmacopuncture treatment for low back pain by traffic accident.