• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2009

Dracocephalum argunense Fischer ex Link (Labiatae) is a perennial herbaceous plant used as valuable materials for ornamentals, honey production, and pharmaceutics. Since seed germination of this species was quite difficult, present studies were conducted to improve the germination rate by subjecting the seeds to various environmental conditions (temperature and light) and treatments (scarification, priming and seed coating). Optimum temperature for adequate germination was 20$^{\circ}C$ though it ranged from 15$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$, and low temperature treatment improved germination rate. Light was required for higher germination rate in this species. The scarification of seeds resulted in much higher germination, especially by the physical treatment with sandpaper or chemical treatment with sulfuric acid for 30 seconds. Various primers with different concentrations were treated on the seeds and it was demonstrated that low temperature enhanced germination rate, regardless of kinds and concentrations of the primers. Three treatment combinations of the primers, 0.5 mM $GA_{3}$ treated for 48 hours, 0.5 mM IAA for 24 hours, and 1.0 mM IAA for 24 hours, increased the seed germination rate profoundly. Soaking treatment of inorganic salts, $KNO_{3}$ and $KH_{3}PO_{4}$, promoted germination when seeds were subjected to low temperature. Water soluble primers such as sucrose at 0.5 and 3% concentration and solid primer talc powder were effective in enhancing germination rate.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.293-296
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• 2005

A leaf blight caused by a species of Phytophthora was found on fatsia plants (Fatsia japonica Decne et Planch.) growing in an apartment garden in Daegu, Korea in late April to May, 2003. The species of Phytophthora isolated from the diseased plants produced sporangia and sex organs on V8 juice agar medium. Sporangia were papillate, ovoid to subspherical, and caducous with a pedicel. The dimensions of the sporangia were $31.2-46.8\times23.4-33.2{\mu}m$ in range, $39.6\pm4.1\times28.3\pm2.8{\mu}m$ in $average{\pm}standard$ deviation, I/b ratio approximately 1.40, with papillae about $3.6{\mu}m$ high, and pedicels $0.9­5.8{\mu}m$ long. Oogonia were spherical, $25.0-32.5{\mu}m$ in range with an average of $28.2\pm2.3{\mu}m$ in diameter. Antheridia were predominantly paragynous, globose to ovoid, $8.8-13.8\times7.5-10.0{\mu}m$ with an average of $10.9\pm1.2 \times9.2\pm1.1{\mu}m$. Oospores in the oogonia were aplerotic or plerotic, and $20.0-25.0{\mu}m$ in diameter with an average of $23.5\pm1.5{\mu}m$. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed on detached leaves of fatsia. The disease was observed only in April and May of 2003 when the weather was unusually wet. It then diminished with increase of temperature in the year and did not appear again on the same plants in 2004. Thus, the fungus appeared to be a relatively weak pathogen of fatsia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate growth and flowering characteristics of Celosia argentea native to Korea treated by monthly sowing from January 20 to August 20 in the field. As sowing date delayed from January to June, the days to flowering were increased. Seedlings sown on February and March planted in the field on April and May were shorter, 31 days to flower, shorter plant height, much more number of flower than those of sown on May and June planted in the field on July and August which means Celosia argentea may be facultative short day plant. And the seedlings sown on February and March were precious ornamentals for bed plant from summer to fall, however, the seedlings sown on April and May were valued for bed or cut plant producing in fall.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2014

Numerous cases have been reported of naturalization by exotic ornamental plants. To obtain basic data about how those plants affect the ecosystems of Korea, we compiled a list of 78 species categorized as ornamentals from 309 naturalized species in Korea and analyzed their life forms, origin, and their current global status of naturalization and regulation. Plants belonging to Compositae comprised the largest group, with 23 species. In all, 75 species were considered herbaceous, and perennial species out-numbered annuals and biennials. Most species originated from Europe and North America. Except for Houttuynia cordata, the other 77 species were naturalized in other countries as well. Furthermore, 34 species, including Aster pilosus and Solidago altissima, have been subject to legal restrictions or classified as alert species in Korea or other countries. Therefore, monitoring may be required to prevent spread of those species, especially for species which have not been managed under domestic law up to now.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2016

It is important to know know deleterious impact of deicing salt on plants for guidelines of planting along roads. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Liriope platyphylla and Pachysandra terminalis. The plants were grown from November of 2015 to March of 2016 in pots containing growing media with $CaCl_2$ at 0% (Control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0% (based on the weight). While plant growth and photosynthetic activity were significantly decreased in both plant species grown on the media with $CaCl_2$, the degree of sensitivity to $CaCl_2$ differed. The plant growth of Liriope platyphylla was considerably injured under higher than 3.0% of $CaCl_2$, whereas Pachysandra terminalis was all dead under higher than 1.0% of $CaCl_2$. This results indicate that Liriope platyphylla has higher degree of tolerance to the deicing salt than Pachysandra terminalis.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.613-623
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the set up and running status of school gardening at elementary schools in Jeollabuk-do. Among 416 elementary schools in Jeollabuk-do, 164 schools (39.4%) had school gardens. Ninety-seven schools in cities and 67 in counties had school gardens. The total area and school garden size at schools in Jeollabuk-do were $45,490m^2$ and $277m^2$ per school, respectively, as well as $1.6m^2$ per students. School gardens varied in type, and percentages of outdoor and off-campus gardens were 67.2% and 17.2%, respectively. There were differences in the set up, type of garden, annual operating budget, and participants in school garden programs according to the location (city or county) of the school The installation and automation of facilities in the garden (such as greenhouse, tool shed, resource recycling facility, etc.) were poor. Most schools grew various kinds of plants, including vegetables, crops, ornamentals, and fruits. Teachers most often operated school gardens and taught students. Teachers had difficulty managing school gardens due to absence of knowledge about sustaining gardens. Most respondents reported the need for a school garden training program. Sixty-one percent of schools reported that the garden was used for academic instruction, especially during class. The majority of respondents agreed that school gardens have a positive effect and wanted to increase classes related to school gardens. Accordingly, in order to sustain school gardens and maximize their effects, systematic and customized support is needed that considers the characteristics and circumstances of the school. The facilities and features of the garden should be improved, and the school garden training program for teachers should attempt to reduce the effort required to manage the garden and increase utilization efficiency. In addition, participation of garden coordinators, parents, and community volunteers in managing gardens and implementing garden lessons is required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.394-404
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• 2022

This study was conducted to optimize the amount of drip irrigation for Prunus×yedoensis Matsum., one of the major medium-sized landscaping trees used mainly for streetscapes and as ornamentals. The experiment was conducted in a container nursery, where we assessed the growth and physiological characteristics of 4- and 8-year-old seedlings watered at different rates (x) by a drip irrigation system. The relative growth rates (based on height and root collar diameter (RCD) measurements) were highest at 288 and 416 L/year/tree for the 4- and 8-year-old containerized seedlings, respectively. These age and treatment combinations also produced significantly different dry weight and seedling quality index values, indicating good growth. The two age groups had significantly different total root lengths, root diameters, and root volumes under these respective irrigation treatments. In addition, the 4-year-old containerized seedlings irrigated at 288 L/year/tree and the 8-year-old containerized seedlings irrigated at 416 L/year/tree had the highest activations in their chlorophyll contents. Overall, the results (differences in irrigation amounts affect the seedlings morphological relative growth, biomass growth, seedling quality, and physiological reaction) indicate that the optimal irrigation amounts for container-grown Prunus×yedoensis are 288 L/year/tree for 4-year-old (RCD class, 3cm) and 416 L/year/tree for 8-year-old (RCD class, 7 cm) containerized seedlings.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

Plum pox virus (PPV) is a significant viral disease in Prunus spp. worldwide. A nationwide survey was started in Prunus spp. orchards, since PPV was first detected from peach in Korea, 2015. During 2016-2017, samples were collected from 30,333 trees in 1,985 orchards of stone fruits in 8 provinces and 4 cities, Korea and tested by RT-PCR using specific PPV primer set. As a result, 21 trees including peach (9 trees), Japanese apricot (4 trees), plum (1 tree), apricot (7 trees) in 10 orchards were infected and controlled by eradication program. Amplicons of the expected size (547 bp) were obtained from total RNA of seven peach trees in 2016, and directly sequenced. BLAST analysis revealed the highest nucleotide (NT) identity (99%) with a PPV D isolates (LC331298, LT600782) in Genbank. The seven isolates from shared nt sequence identities of 98 to 100% with one another. Phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates in peach clustered closely with the PPV-D isolates from Korea, Japan, USA, and Canada. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the presence of PPV in Prunus spp. orchards in Korea, 2016-2017, we hope that our results and efforts will contribute to effective measures for eradication of PPV.