• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2019

This study explore the market segmentation based on beer consumers' purchase motivation 1) to analyze beer consumers and markets more closely and 2) to demonstrate the characteristics of each market segment and contribute to marketing strategies with beer consumer segment. Using -administrated questionnaires asked questions recognizable beer purchase within 6 months by over 20-years-olds, this study 201 surveys online 22 days. The results as follows: beer consumers' purchase motivation consisted of three factors enhancement, social orientation, and value enhancement. Cluster analysis based on beer purchase showed that there were three groups motivation multi-motivation and motivation group based on average value of beer purchase motive factors and relative load per factor. demographic,beer drinking characteristics and group difference according to cluster gender and monthly average income, and beer drinking characteristics also significantly different by preferred beer, preferred beer type, occasion and drinking place.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.495-503
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• 2000

Dust samples were collected from 17 middle and high schools in the Jeonju-city. heavy metal concentrations were determined for the dry-deposited dusts from indoor and outdoor of classroom and playground of each sampling site. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in indoor\`s dusts were highly concentrated. Also heavy metal concentrations in outdoor\`s dusts were similar to that of indoor\`s dusts. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the dusts were much higher than the world average contents in soil and environmental orientation value. These levels are similar to those of the dust samples at middle schools located at Kangseo-gu and Yangchon-gu , Seoul. Playground dusts in 6 schools exhibited the enhanced heavy metal pollution with a pollution index (by Kloke) greater than 1.0. Most indoor and outdoor dusts exhibited the enhanced heavy metal pollution with a pollution index(by Cullbard et al.) greater than 1.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2003

The microstructure and tensile properties of ramie treated with NaOH and crosslinked with 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid were characterised. X-ray diffraction and FTIR were used to study the crystalline structure o f the resultant ramie yarns. Results showed that the maximum change in the structure of the modified ramie took place at 16% NaOH, which would completely transform Cellulose I to Cellulose II. Also, the crystallinity index and fibre orientation decreased to the minimum value while the absorption properties were enhanced. The average degree of polymerization of the treated ramie yams slightly decreased after NaOH treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.194-202
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• 1984

The mathematical and simulation models to estimate the monthly average daily solar irradiance onthe terminal cladodes of platyopuntia were established. An east-west facing cladode showed maximum irradiance from March to October, while south-north facing one did from November to February from themodel. The orientations and the tilt angles were practically measured on Hallim-eup, Cheju-do. They tended to face east-west, but the overall distribution was deviagted at about 10。 was owing to the southern east wind blowing strongly at that time. The most cladodes inclined to the north or the west rather than erected vertically to the ground. It is thought that the tilt angles were also affected by the southern east wind.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1996

An analytical model has been developed to predict the elastic properties of a filled resin reinforced by chopped fibers, a three-phase composite such as a filled sheet molding compound(SMC). In the model the matrix material and fillers form an effective matrix. The effective matrix is then considered to be reinforced with long fibers lying in the sheet plane but randomly oriented in the plane. Expressions for the resulting transversely isotropic composite properties are explicitly presented. Using this model, the Young's and shear moduli are calculated for the SMC sample with filler weight fraction of 35% and fiber content of 30%. The same properties are also determined experimentally. The agreement between the calculated and measured elastic moduli is found to be very good for the in-plane properties. However, the out-of-plane properties show a large difference because the effect of voids is not taken into account in the model.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 1998

An image analysis was used for the interpretation of microstructures of ferrous metal artifacts. For the purposes, various microstructural features such as average grain size, phase area, shape factor, and composition of the inclusions, were parameterized for the information about manufacturing techniques such as casting, heating and tempering. The carbon content was determined through the evaluation of the amount of pearlite phase. As the amount of pearlite phase increased the shape factor also increased. Grain size was relatively smaller in trans-section than in cross-section. The manufacturing direction was trans-sectional because the orientation of inclusions was elongated lengthwise. All inclusions was of silicate groups and the manufacturing temperature was estimated up to $1450^{\circ}C$.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.729-737
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to investigate dynamic responses of laminated composite beams under a moving load with thermal effects. The governing equations of problem are derived by using the Lagrange procedure. The transverse-shear strain and rotary inertia are considered within the Timoshenko beam theory. The material properties of laminas are considered as the temperature dependent physical property. The differential equations of the problem are solved by the Ritz method. The solution step of dynamic problem, the Newmark average acceleration method is used in the time history. A compassion study is performed for accuracy of used formulations and method. In the numerical results, the effects of velocity of moving load, temperature values, the fiber orientation angles and the stacking sequence of laminas on the dynamic responses of the composite laminated beam are investigated.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 1999

Refinements of classical theories for entangled or crosslinked polymeric systems have led to incommensurable models for rubber networks and polymer melts, contrary to experimental evidence, which suggests a great deal of similarity. Uniaxial elongation and compression data of linear and branched polymer melts as well as of crosslinked rubbers were analyzed with respect to their nonlinear strain measure. This was found to be the result of two contributions: (1) affine orientation of network strands, and (2) isotropic strand extension. Network strand extension is caused by an increasing restriction of lateral movement of polymer chains due to deformation, and is modelled by a molecular stress function which in the tube concept of Doi and Edwards is the inverse of the relative tube diameter. Up to moderate strains, $f^2$ is found to be linear in the average stretch for melts as well as for rubbers, which corresponds to a constant tube volume. At large strains, rubbers show maximum extensibility, while melts show maximum molecular tension. This maximum value of the molecular stress function governs the ultimate magnitude of the strain-hardening effect of linear and long-chain branched polymer melts in extensional flows.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2017

Vanadium nitride (VN) coatings were deposited using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted sputtering at different ICP powers. Microstructural, crystallographic and mechanical characterizations were performed by FE-SEM, AFM, XRD and nanoindentation. The results show that ICP has significant effects on coating's microstructure, structural and mechanical properties of VN coatings. With an increase in ICP power, coating microstructure evolved from a porous columnar structure to a highly dense one. Single- phase cubic (FCC) VN coatings with different preferential orientations and residual stresses were obtained as a function of ICP power. Average crystal grain sizes of single phase cubic (FCC) VN coatings were decreased from 10.1 nm to 4.0 nm with an increase in ICP power. The maximum hardness of 28.2 GPa was obtained for the coatings deposited at ICP power of 200 W. The smoothest surface morphology with Ra roughness of 1.7 nm was obtained in the VN coating sputtered at ICP power of 200 W.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2003

Polarized Fourier transform infrared (IR) absorption is used to probe molecular conformation in a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) during the reorientation induced by the external field. Spectra of planar aligned cells of FLC W314 are measured as functions of IR polarizer orientation and electric field applied to the FLC. The time evolution of the dichroism of the absorbance due to biphenyl core and alkyl tail molecular vibration modes, is observed. Static IR dichroism experiments show a W314 dichroism structure in which the principal axis of dielectric tensor from molecular core vibration are tilted further from the smectic layer normal than those of the tail. This structure indicates the effective binding site in which the molecules are confined in the Sm-C phase has, on average, "zig-zag" shape and this zig-zag binding site structure is rigidly maintained while the molecular axis rotates about the layer normal during field-induced switching.