• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2004

Concern that some chemicals in our environment may affect human health by disrupt-ing normal endocrine function has prompted a research on interactions of environmental contaminants with steroid hormone receptor. Toxaphene and chlordane are among the 12 persistent organic pollutants identified by the United Nations Environment Programme as requiring urgent attention. We compared the estrogenic activity of two organochlorine pesticides, toxaphene and chlordane, at estrogen receptor a (ER$\alpha$) and estrogen receptor $\beta$ (ER$\beta$). Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were transiently transfected with rat ER$\alpha$ or ER$\beta$ plus an estrogen-responsive complement C3-luciferase (C3-Luc) reporter gene. After transfection, cells were treated with various concentrations of toxaphene and chlordane to investigate agonism or antagonism of these chemicals. Both toxaphene and chlordane were potent agonists in HepG2 cells for ER$\alpha$. In contrast, these chemicals had a minimal agonist activity with ER$\beta$ and almost abolished 17$\beta$-estradiol-induced ER$\beta$-mediated activity. Therefore, toxaphene and chlordane behaved as an ER$\alpha$ agonist and an ER$\beta$ antagonist with estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid C3-Luc, and exposure to these organochlorine pesticides could have a crictical effect on normal endocrine function.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The analysis for the concentration and enantiomeric ratio of OCPs have been performed to confirm the distribution and to emonstrate the pollution characteristics of chiral OCPs in ambient air. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ambient air at coastal and inland sites, concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of heptachlor (HEPT), eptachlor epoxide (HEPX), trans-chlordane (TC), cis-chlordane (CC), xychlordane (OXY), 2,4'-DDT, 2,4'-DDD with HRGC/HRMS were investigated to understand source and distribution of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ambient air. The mean concentrations of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.027(heptachlor)~1.279 (4,4'-DDT) pg/m3 and 0.0005 (heptachlor)~0.1043 ng/g d.w. (TC), respectively. The mean EFs of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.73 (HEPX)~0.45 (CC). Both preferential depletions of (+) and (-) enantiomer were observed for CC, indicated by EFs either <0.5 or >0.5, while preferential depletions of (-) enantiomer which mean EFs <0.5 were observed for chiral OCPs except TC and MC-5. CONCLUSION: OCPs in ambient air have been distributed from soil, but some of them such as chlordane, DDT etc. might have been introduced by long-range atmospheric transport, considering EFs by chiral analysis and trajectory analysis.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-453
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• 2014

Objectives: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to be the detrimental chemicals in the body, even at low levels, and are stored in adipose tissue. Recently, POPs have been reported to be associated with chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, and aging and obesity are reported as common factors in chronic disease. However, there have been only a few studies on the associations of POPs with age and body mass index (BMI) in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed the associations of serum POPs levels with age and BMI in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 444 subjects (253 men and 191 women) from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (2004-2011). Serum levels of 33 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by a gas chromatographer (Agilent 6890) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer (JEOL JMS-800D). Results: Concentrations of PCB 153 (men: 12.26 ng/g lipid, women: 10.50 ng/g lipid) and p,p'-DDE (men: 94.66 ng/g lipid, women: 96.66 ng/g lipid) were the highest among serum PCBs and OCPs, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were significantly positively correlated with age in both sexes. After adjustment for age, non-dioxin like PCBs were significantly negatively correlated with body mass in women. However, cis-heptachlor epoxide was significantly positively correlated with body mass index in both sexes. When analyzed by sex, stronger associations were shown between POPs and age in men and POPs and BMI in women. Conclusion: These results may provide baseline data for the study of POPs and for the health management field in Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1981

제주도의 중요한 채소재배지의 토양과 농작물에 대한 BHC제 및 heptachlor제의 잔류수준을 1979.10-1980.11. 사이에 조사하였다. 토양중에서의 ${\alpha}-BHC$는 n.d-0.967ppm(평균 : 0.391ppm), ${\gamma}-BHC$는 n.d-0.590ppm(평균 : 0.218ppm), heptachlor는 n.d-0.819ppm(평균 : 0.163ppm), 그리고 heptachlor epoxide는 n.d-0.256ppm(평균 : 0.034 ppm) 잔류하였으며 채소작물중 배추의 평균잔류량은 ${\alpha}-BHC$ 0.002ppm, ${\gamma}-BHC$ 0.001ppm, heptachlor 0.002ppm, heptachlor epoxide, 0.001 ppm이며, 당근의 경우에는 ${\gamma}-BHC$ 0.004ppm, ${\alpha}-BHC$ 0.012ppm, heptachlor 0.003ppm, heptachlor epoxide 0.011ppm이었으며 마늘에는 ${\alpha}-BHC$ 0.014ppm, ${\gamma}-BHC$ 0.007ppm, heptachlor 0.002ppm 그리고 heptachlor epoxide는 trace로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

'90년 '91년 2개년에 걸쳐 강원도내에서 생산 또는 유통되고 있는 농산물 35종에 대하여 농산물의 안전성을 확보하고 국민보건위생의 위해를 예방하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유기염소제 및 유기인제 등을 ECD와 NPD가 부착된 gas chromatograph에 의하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 농산물 157건 중 농약이 검출된 농산물은 76건으로서 48.4%이었고, 이중 2종류 이상의 농약이 검출된 농산물은 24건으로서 15.3%를 점하고 있다. 특히 Captan은 대산 농산물 81건 중 43건에서 검출되어 검출률이 53.1%이었다. 2. Endrin , Captafol. Parathion , Fenitrothion , Fenthion 및 EPN은 전시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 3. 각 농약의 잔류량은 DDT가 ND-0.138 ppm, BHC가 ND-0.142 ppm, Aldrin 및 Dieldrin이 ND-0.010 ppm, CAptan이 ND-1.067 ppm, Diazinon이 ND-0.060 ppm, malathion이 ND-0.075 ppm, Phenthoate가 ND-0.009 ppm, DDVP가 ND-0.040 ppm이었다. 단 허용기준을 초과하는 농산물은 1건도 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2001

2000년 7월부터 2000년 10월까지 경기도 지역에 유통중인 17종의 농산물 397건에 대해 안전성을 확보하고 보건위생상 위해를 예방하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 유기염소계 13종을 GC/ECD와 GC/MSD에 의하여 분석한 결과. 농산물 397건 중 endosulfan이 31건(7.8%) 검출되었으며 chlorothalonil이 4건(1.0%) 검출되었다. 농약의 검출범위는 endosulfan 의 경우 상추는 3.7437~0.0488ppm, 시금치 2.1902~0.1423ppm, 아욱 2.4909~0.0786ppm과 겨자잎에서 3.2333~0.3997ppm이었다. Chlorothalonil은 상추에서 5.8097ppm과 시금치에서 0.8962ppm이었다. 잔류허용 기준을 초과하는 농산물은 endosulfan이 5건(1.8%)이었으며 chlorothalonil은 1건(0.3%)이었다. Endosulfan은 산화물 형태인 endosulfan sulfate(45.9%)가 $\alpha$-endosulfan(28.5%) , $\beta$-endosulfan(23.9%)보다 높게 나타나, 농약이 식물체 표면에 부착되어 있는 양보다 식물체 내에 흡수되어 있는 양이 더 많이 잔재할 수 있다는 것이 입증되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양 및 작물 중 스톡홀름협약에서 대부분 잔류성유기오염물질(POPs)로 지정된 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 토양 및 작물 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약 분석을 위한 추출 및 정제는 QuEChERS 방법을 다소 개선한 방법으로 수행되었다. 시설재배지 토양, 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 회수율은 각각 78.2-110.6, 85.2-94.2, 78.3-92.4 및 73.3-92.6% 이었으며, 토양과 3개 작물에서의 검출한계는 각각 0.01-0.08과 $0.11-0.17{\mu}g/kg$ 수준이었고, 상대표준편차는 토양 및 3개 작물에서 각각 1.0-4.1, 1.9-3.9, 2.8-4.8 및 2.5-5.8%로 20% 미만으로 적합한 범위이었다. 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양에서 dieldirn, ${\beta}-endosulfan$ 및 endosulfan sulfate 3 성분이 각각 1.4-72.5, 0.1-78.7 및 $0.0-214.1{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 검출되었으나 참외, 풋고추 및 참외의 모든 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 참외, 풋고추 및 상추 시설재배지 토양이 농산물 안전성을 위협할 정도로 잔류성유기염소계 농약으로 오염되지 않았음을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.858-860
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• 2011

Production of biosurfactant can be substantially increased by the addition of precursors like vegetable oils, petroleum products, and other water-insoluble substances. Pseudomonas Ptm+ strain produces biosurfactant in the presence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), which specifically emulsifies HCH, a recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide. Addition of previously produced crude biosurfactant by the same organism as a precursor instead of HCH increased production of biosurfactants with a decrease in the total fermentation time from 32 to 24 h. The main objective of this paper was to find alternatives for HCH as an inducer.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.184-184
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• 2003

Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides, well-known endocrine disruptors (EDs). Many EDs show the estrogenic effect. Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an important role in mammary gland function and implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. In the present study. using mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC) system. we studied the the effects of endosulfan on nodule like alveolar lesion (NLAL) formation in the mouse mammary gland development. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.134.2-135
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• 2003

A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and bisphenol A have the ability to disrupt endocrine function in animals. and alter cognitive function. Because hormone mediated events playa important role in central nervous system development and functions. The speculations that the changes in cognitive function are mediated by the endocrine-like action of these chemicals. (omitted)