• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

The investigations were conducted to find out the situation of fertilizer use and the contents of soil chemical components on summer vegetable crops at 791 farmers' upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do, Gyengsangbuk-do and Jeollabuk-do of alpine area. Major vegetable crops were potato, Chinese cabbage, radish, carrot, onion, and cabbage. From the location surroundings cultivated alpine vegetable crops, the orders were Gangwon-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Jeollabuk-do part in the sizes of a fie1d area and the height above sea level, and Jeollabuk-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Gangwon-do part in the slope degrees. The soil texture was of wide distribution on sandy loam soil for Gangwon-do(76%) and Jeollabuk-do part(64%), and 1oam(42%) and sandy loam soil(35%) for Gyeongsangbuk-do part. From the numbers of investigated fields, the distribution of slope degree was wider than those of height above sea level in relation to location surroundings. The upland soils of 785 fields cultivated vegetable crops were sampled at 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting and analyzed. On an average, pH, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium of soil were 5.7, $27.6g\;kg^{-1}$, $765mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.16cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The average cation exchange capacity(CEC) of 120 sites in Gangwon-do part was $9.2cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. The content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium was higher, while that of available phosphate was lower with slope degrees. And the content of major chemical components in carrot soil was lower in comparison with other crop soils. The average levels of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, livestock manure and lime fertilizer of 785 Belds applied by farmers were 335, 198, 244, 12,680 and $1,750kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, for summer vegetable crops in alpine area. The average amounts of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ fertilizers applied by farmers in 785 Gelds of vegetable crops were higher 1.7~2.0-4.2~7.0-1.4~2.0 times on potato, 1.4~1.6-4.6~8.3-3.5~4.2 times on Chinese cabbage, and 1.2~1.3-4.2~7.2-3.0~3.61 times on radish than the rates of NPK fertilizers based on soil testing for each crop.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

A wide diversity of liquid fertilizers and composts produced from the livestock manure in Korea is commonly applied to agricultural lands as an alternative of chemical fertilizers. However, their effects on the crop production and environmental impacts are still vague. The current study was investigated the property changes of paddy soils in sandy loam and silty loam treated with 1) control (no treatment), 2) chemicals, 3) storage liquid fertilizer and 4) SCB liquid fertilizer located in Gyeong-gi province, Korea. The chemical properties of soils in sandy loam and silty loam before the treatment were similar with the ones in the average paddy fields in Korea. Contrary to this, the amount of available phosphorus in sandy loam was higher than the one in the average paddy fields. The number of living organisms in sandy loam and silty loam treated with storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer were higher than the ones in sandy loam and silty loam with no-treatment and chemicals. Significant difference (P<0.05) among the treatments and no-treatment was observed in sandy loam rather than in silty loam. The amounts of heavy metals were the highest in both sandy loam and silty loam treated with storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer. The comparison of heavy metals showed that the ones in silty loam were little bit higher than sandy loam. The leaf lengths and dry weights of rices were increased over time, however, no significant difference was observed among each treament. In addition, the rice yield in sandy loam treated with SCB liquid fertilizer was higher than the ones in sandy loam. The highest rice yield was obtained from sandy loam treated with chemicals, but there was no significant difference between storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer. While the rate of nutrient absorption by rices was the highest in sandy loam and silty loam treated with chemicals, there was no significant difference in sandy loam and silty loam treated with livestock liquid manure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

The pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of BIO-COM (Organic fertilizer made from industrial by-product) with the compost and humic acid on the physico-chemical properties of soils and the yield of paddy rice (CV. Chucheong-byeo). The results obtained were as follows: 1. All the fertilizer treatments, except humic acid, increased rice yield compare to no fertilizer treatment, and Bio-Com was the highest among the fertilizer treatments. 2. Rice yields were increased with increasing BIO-COM only up to 4% but 2% with N.P.K. fertilizers. 3. Rice yield showed highly positive correlation with number of panicle per hill but negative correlation with 1000 grain weight. 4. BIO-COM application induced the noticeable increase of pH, EC, OM, T-N, Av-P, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg, Ex-Na, and $Av-SiO_2$, contents in the soils after experiments, and there were highly significant positive correlation among them. 5. BIO-COM application was positively affected on plant height, number of tiller, and fresh weight and dry weight of rice plant throughout entire growing stages and these are positively correlated with rice yield. 6. BIO-COM application also induced the increase of chlorophyll, N, P, Ca, and Mg contents in rice plant 7. It is revealed that there were highly positive correlations between rice yields and pH, EC, OM, T-N, Ex-Ca, and Ex-Mg in the soils. 8. It was also shown the highly significant positive correlations between rice yields, and N and P contents in the rice plant at heading stages, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

Soils in Cheju Island, derived mostly from volcanic ashes, were collected for chemical analysis to determine the effect of land utilization pattern on soil chemical characteristics. The coastal area has long been used for intensive farming and some of the mid-mountain region were recently reclaimed for agricultural crop production. The cation exchange capacity and the organic matter in the soils increased in the order of coastal area < mid-mountain belt < upper mountain area, while pH, base saturation, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases decreased with the elevation. Generally, the organic matter, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable bases of the Cheju soils were found to be considerably higher than the Korean mainland soils. However, the base saturation and the available phosphorus were far below the mainland average. The ratio of monovalent basic cations to total exchangeable bases showed the highest in the soils of the mountain belts and the lowest in the coastal area soils. These data suggest that a higher soil pH in the coastal area as compared to the mountainous slopes has resulted not from the sea water but from continuous application of alkaline fertilizers and times.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

Newly reclaimed tidal land is known to be in low status of soil fertility. The incorporation of crop residue is an effective method to improve soil properties and fertility in reclaimed saline soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rice straw (RS) application to improve physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and its contribution to productivity of whole crop barley. Increasing rate of rice straw improved growth parameter related to yield of whole crop barley, which increased tiller number significantly (p<0.05).The yield increased by 15% (F.W) and 9% (D.W) in rice straw-amended plots. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil (0-20cm) with rice straw incorporation increased by 5~9% (RS 2.5~RS 7.5) compared to RS 0, in which the content of SOM decreased after two consecutive cultivations. Rice straw incorporation promoted soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient-availability of the test crop, as indicated in change in soil bulk density, porosity and increased nutrient uptake of plant. Especially, the P content and uptake of whole crop barley increased with increasing the rate of rice straw application. In conclusion, the rice straw application at rates of $5.0-7.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed saline soils effectively improved soil properties and crop productivity, which has potentials to reduce the loss of chemical fertilizers and facilitate the favorable condition for crop growth under adverse soil condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

Livestock facilities in Korea are on their way of enlargement resulting in increment of livestock manure. When the livestock manure treated inappropriate way during application to the agricultural area, environmental damage can be occurred such as bad smell, water and air pollution. Therefore it is important to make a good management plan for livestock manure treatment. In order to effectively apply organic fertilizer made by livestock manure in terms of quantity and quality, the current status of nutrient in agricultural land should be calculated quantitatively by scientific way. The OECD suggest member countries to calculate the nutrient balance as an agricultural environment indicator which represents the difference between nutrient inputs and outputs of the amount of nutrients in various ways. In this paper, we calculated the nutrient balances according to three cities which have different characteristics such as urban or rural areas. To reduce the nutrient balance, we considered how to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by using organic fertilizer made by livestock manure. And public treatment facilities for livestock manure can be a good solution except civil complaints for location selection. Among the options, manure fertilizer application to the agricultural area for cultivation of forage crops was mainly considered to reduce the nutrient balance by decreasing input of chemical fertilizers and increasing output of crop production. Using the field monitoring data, it can be calculated that the daily nitrogen reductions by 116.5 kg/ha and the daily phosphorus increments by 2.7 kg/ha.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.269-279
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• 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate fertigation effects of balanced manure nutrients from combined fertilizers on the growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and soil chemical properties in greenhouse cultivation. There are 4 treatments for fertigation; animal liquid manure (LM), LM supplemented with chemical ferilizer (LM+CF) to make nutrient-balanced ferilizer, LM supplemented with chemical ferilizer and phosphorus acid (LM+CF+PA), and conventional chemical fertilzer (CCF). Fruit lenth, width, and weight for LM treatment were significantly lower than LM+CF, LM+CF+PA, and CCF treatments. There was no significant differences in fruit length, width, and weight among LM+CF, LM+CF+PA, and CCF treatments. The yield of eggplants per plant for LM treatment (26.2 kg) was decreased by 6% compared to CCF treatment (27.9 kg). The growth and yield of eggplants were not significant different among CCF, LM+CF, and LM+CF+PA treatments. The marketable yield for LM treatment was lowest among 4 treatments and that for LM+CF+PA treatment (26.6 kg) was increased by 8% compared to CCF treatment (24.1 kg). The chemical properties of the soil for CCF treatment, in general, tended to be higher compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the application of balanced liquid manure combined with mineral fertilizer to soil is considered as a good management practices because it improves, eggplant quality and soil properties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1032-1036
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• 2012

A bulking agent is an essential material for composting of high-moisture livestock manure such as pig slurry. Sawdust has been used as the most popular bulking agent but resources are limited in Korea. In this study, the feasibility of rice hull as a bulking agent was examined for composting of solid pig manure. The solid pig manure was mixed with 15% sawdust (PM+SD15), 15% rice hull (PM+RH15), 10% sawdust and 5% rice hull (PM+SD10+RH5), and 5% sawdust and 10% rice hull (PM+SD5+RH10) based on fresh weight. These mixtures were composted for 35 days. The average temperature of the composting file for 35 days was higher in PM+SD10+RH5 and PM+SD5+RH10 than in PM+SD15 and PM+RH15. The mass loss of PM+SD10+RH5 and PM+SD5+RH10 were 36.7 and 36.4%, respectively, which were higher than that of PM+SD15 and PM+RH15. After composting, organic matter content and organic matter/nitrogen ratio in all treatments met the official standards of commercial fertilizers. We concluded that rice hull may be a good bulking agent for pig manure composting when it is used in mixture with sawdust.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., United States granular microorganisms and Japan granular microorganisms on turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing of creeping bentgrass in golf course by measuring turf color index, chlorophyll index, thatch content of soil, root length, turf density and chemical properties and thatch content of soil. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; control(CF; compound fertilizer), microorganism medium(M; CF+M), microorganism medium and livestock manure fertilizer(M-L; CF+M+LMF), microorganism medium, livestock manure fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer(M-L-A; MM+LMF+ALF), United States granular microorganisms(USGM; CF+USGM), Japan granular microorganisms(CF+JGM). Soil properties investigated after experiment was scarcely affected by applied fertilizers in root zone of creeping bentgrass. The turf color index and chlorophyll index of M, M-L, M-L-A, USGM, JGM treatment were higher than those of CF. The turfgrass root in M-L treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of soil in M treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of M was decreased than that of CF by 6.8%. These was suggested that application of M induced the development of quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by assisting turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of developed composted liquid manure(DSCB), which was produced by adding N, P, and K to composted liquid manure(SCB), on the growth of zoysiagrass. Two different N sources used in DSCB were ammonium sulfate(DSCB-A) and urea(DSCB-U), respectively. Fertilizer treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control (CF; chemical fertilizer), DSCB-Al($200mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-A), DSCB-A2($250mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-A), DSCB-U ($250mlm^{-2}$ DSCB-U) and CF+SCB(CF+$250mlm^{-2}$ SCB). In zoysiagrass, turf color index, chlorophyll index, dry weight and nutrient content were measured. Turf color index and chlorophyll index in DSCB and SCB treatment were increased by 1~3% and 14~28% than those of NF, respectively, and in DSCB-A1, DSCB-A2 and CF+SCB increased by 7~12% than those of CF. As applied with DSCB and SCB, the dry weight of DSCB-A1 and DSCB-A2 was increased by 25% and 19% in than CF, respectively and their nitrogen uptake by 19% and 6%. Evaluated with turf quality and growth, DSCB-A1 was the best and the most efficient in all treatments. These results indicated that application of DSCB-A1 promoted turf quality and growth of zoysiagrass by stimulating a nitrogen uptake, so that it was expected to replace to chemical fertilizers.