• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.57-70
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• 2006

Microparticle and micropolymer retention and drainage aid systems are powerful tools for paper and board making on a variety of machines. Drawbacks attributed to the current systems sometimes include; apparent high cost, production and quality problems and in some cases a negative effect on formation. The next generation multi-component organic/inorganic systems have demonstrated their ability to decouple the effects of retention and drainage and to improve the formation and print quality for the same retention and in some cases higher retention levels. It is now possible to optimize independently retention, drainage and formation effects with the same high return on investment of current microparticle systems.

• 멤브레인
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-156
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• 1996

For ultra-pure water, the removal of various impirities is required, and the requirement level is rising year by year. To cope with this problem, various removing technologies and system technologies have been developed and the introduction of new materials for the piping, etc. to form the system have been positively made. For the element technologies to be used for ultra-pure water production, their range will be expanded from the technological and economic viewpoints. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to develop trace analysis evaluation technologies for ultra-pure water. Especially to raise the analytical level of heavy metals and organic substances is important. It is also important to establish individual analysis methods of organic substances. It is expected that the analytical methods will be established and new treating methods will be put to practical use in the near future.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2008

This paper examines the impact of reliability on consumers' demand for environmentally friendly agricultural products using ordered logit model. We survey 100 housewives living in the capital region and five metropolitian cities cross sectional data in 2007. This paper especially estimates the impact of instrumental factor, such as history tracking system, provision of information, safety assurance and labelling of brands on the consumers' demand. The main results show that provision of information and safety assurance affect consumers' demand more confident than others. In order to motivate consumers to buy more environmentally friendly agricultural products, the safety should be assured and more information on production and marketing channel should be labelled.

• 복식
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2007

By the turn of the century, our society has been gradually more interested in environmental problems than any other time. Ecological change spurred by industrial pollution is occurring beyond the borders of nations, and has emerged as a global issue. Such change is resulting in exhaustion of natural resources and energy, and serious climatic change. In this study, main focus regarding the process of the fashion product design system was placed on the sustainable fashion design of organic cotton as a positive and alternative suggestion. It is expected that the results of this study contribute to the fashion design planning not only for future generation but also for the present time. This study researched on brands that produced their fashion products using organic cotton. The following cases proved to possess sustainability in their product system. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Firstly, sustainable design in organic cotton products has been a progressive ere-design in 2000s. It is mainly focus concerned with recycling and re-use of materials to protect environment. It is not chemical dependant and takes a particular care in eliminating waste water and energy in the dyeing process. It is an environmentally sustainable design better than all the other design processes. Secondly, it is a design that cares for the common good of society and the global system of fair trading. The fair trading of organic cotton products induced a change in the structure of production system, while defending human rights. It also gave benefits by promoting development in local society and progress in traditional skills. Not to mention that it contributed to building up the concept of transparency in the global economic system. Lastly, the brands emphasize their social responsibility and management ethics to observe environmental policy which is established to protect our nature and people. Their public information reminds customers of the importance of protecting the environment from diverse pollution. Moreover, they hold social events to promote public awareness for environmental Issues. This study dealt only with the organic cotton, a small subset of the subject of sustainable design. It can be extended and applied to various other sustainable fashion design as a solution for global environmental issues.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.432-444
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• 2001

In this manuscript, several effective feeding and management systems to reduce environmental pollution in swine production have been briefly introduced. It is logical that reducing the excretion of nutrients in manure should be the first step to reduce the environmental impact of pig production. it is evident that the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced when more digestible or available feedstuffs are used. Also, it is well known that proper feed processing can reduce anti nutritional factors (ANF) and improve nutrient digestibilities. Supplementation of effective feed additives can reduce excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus due to efficient feed utilization. These include enzymes (e.g., phytase), antibiotics, probiotics, organic acids and growth hormones ($\beta$-agonists and porcine somatotropin). One of the most effective ways to reduce pollutants from swine manure is to use synthetic amino acids in feed manufacturing. Many studies showed that reduction of 2 to 4% unit (U) of dietary protein with supplemental amino acid (AA) could dramatically reduce (15 to 20%) nitrogen excretion. Regarding feeding strategies, it has been recognized that phase feeding regimen could be used to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous excretion by feeding pigs in better agreement with age and physiological state. Feeding barrows and gilts separately, known as split sex feeding, can also decrease excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus. With the increasing concerns on the negative impact of animal production systems on the environment, animal nutritionists and producers should be aware that sustainability of animal agriculture is as important as high production performance. Therefore, some feeding and management strategies described in this manuscript will help to reduce environmental pollution in swine production. Proper combination of feeding regimen and environment-friendly diet formulation through nutritional approach will be more effective to reduce nutrient excretion in swine production system compared to single approach to do so.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1998

Organic farming excludes any use of the herbicide. The present paper reviews what can be done for effective weed control with existing weed control technology by farmers crop-ping paddy rice, field crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. If condition of the crop-land-al-lows diversified rotational use of the paddy land as paddy and upland field would minimize weed problem. Practising this is limited in acreage due to extremely limited governmental investment to the land for the purpose. Secondly, rotation of crops in the upland field breaking life cycles of various weeds adapted to each crop should reduce the weed problem. This is also limited as only a few crops are making the farmer profitable. In addition climate and tolerance of crops to high and low temperature. Monsoon rains and poor drainage restrict the freedom of choice. For any crop land year-round multiple cropping in denser planting shall lessen the weed problem, this multiple cropping practiced by 1960s has been abandoned due to laborshortage and increased production cost. Deep flooding the rice is impractical at present in Korean. Mulching crop with transparent, black , or combinated polyethylene sheet, hs been in-creasingly used. Progresses in development and use of mulch with allelopathic crop residues. inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop residues, inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop cultivar development, recently developed ex-perimental weeding machinaries, flamers, microbial herbicides, biological control organisms, soil sterilization techniques have been critically reviewed for their adoption into existing in-tegrated weeding system. Unfortunately, information on cost-benifit, and labor-benefit, for the various methods above mentioned are lacking. Urgent need for the research on rational weeding in organic farming, and herbicide low-input farming is emphasized.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to monitor organic farming upland compared with conventional upland field and to evaluate nutrient loads reduction of surface cover effect with long-term historical climate data. APEX(Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender) model was validated with experimental data and used for assessing surface cover scenarios for 30-year simulation periods. The validated values of RMSE(Root Mean Square Error), RMAE(Root Mean Absolute Error), $R^2$ and E(Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) for runoff were 1.17-1.37 mm/day, 0.28-0.45 mm/day, 0.88-0.90 and 0.82-0.94 in two treatments, respectively. Those for water quality (nitrogen) were 0.05-0.16 kg/ha, 0.52-0.75 kg/ha, 0.67-0.72 and 0.32-0.70 in two treatments, respectively, and therefore the validated model showed good agreement with the observed runoff and nitrogen load for the study period. When decreasing the surface cover rate of organic farming field to 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% (conventional field), average annual runoff increased by 7%, 15%, 23% and 31%, respectively. Under same condition of decreasing the surface cover rate, average annual nitrogen loads increased by 1.4 times, 1.7 times, 2.0 times, and 2.3 times compared with organic farming field, respectively. This study showed that it is possible to present an appropriate surface cover ratio to maintain conventional production and minimize nonpoint sources pollution for organic farming system, although long-term monitoring is needed to determine its effects on environmental concerns, crop competition, and other uncertainty.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

본 실험은 인산염 분해균을 밀의 근권토양으로부터 분리 동정하고 인산염 분해균의 유기산 생성과 pH와의 관계를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 인산염 분해균은 36시간 배양후 선명한 투명대(clear zone)를 형성하였다. API 20E System과 BIOLOG$^{TM}$ analysis를 사용하여 동정한 결과 이 균주는 Entrobacter agglomerans로 동정되었다. Similarity와 distance는 각자 0.656과 4.790로 나타났다. Hydroxyapatite를 함유한 배지에서 E. agglomerans를 배양하는 동안 인산의 농도가 현저히 증가하였으며, pH와 인산의 농도와는 고도의 역상관($r^2=0.933$)을 보였다. HPLC로 분석한 결과 이 균주는 여러 가지 유기산을 생성하였으며 그 중 oxalic acid가 가장 많이 생성되었다. Acid phosphatase는 alkaline phosphatase에 비해서 10-15배의 활성을 보였으며, alkaline phosphatase는 배양 동안 거의 0에 가까운 활성을 보였다. E. agglomerans의 population은 배양 하루 동안 현저히 증가하였으나 그 후 급격히 감소하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, $30g/m^2$; fused superphosphate, $70g/m^2$; potassium chloride, $15g/m^2$), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.926-931
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• 2011

유기성폐수의 혐기발효 공정은 빠른 수소생성속도를 나타내며, 동시에 수중의 유기물을 처리한다. 반면, 수소생성 수율이 낮고 처리 수 내 혐기발효 산물인 복합 유기산이 다량 존재하게 된다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 수소생성 수율을 높이고 처리수의 수질 제고를 위해 광발효미생물을 이용하였다. 광발효미생물의 기질에 따른 수소생산 속도 및 미생물 성장율을 조사하기 위해 아세트산, 복합 유기산 (인공) 및 글루코스 대상 혐기발효 상등액을 각각 기질로 이용하는 회분식 실험을 실시하였다. 아세트산을 이용한 R. sphaeroides의 최대 비증식속도는 2.93 h로서 복합유기산을 이용할 때보다 높았다. 아세트산은 미생물 증식에 유리한 기질인 반면, 수소생산속도 면에서는 복합유기산보다 느리게 나타났다. 글루코스 혐기 발효액 상등액을 기질로 이용한 광발효에서 전단의 혐기발효를 통한 수소생산량의 약 50%가 추가로 발생하였다. 혐기 및 광발효미생물의 혼합발효 연속시스템을 통해 $15.9mL-H_2/L$의 안정적인 수소를 생산하였다.