• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2017

본 연구는 양돈농장에 HACCP 제도 도입이 폐사두수에 미치는 영향과 HACCP 제도 적용 목적 및 장 단점을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. HACCP 제도 적용 전 후에 따른 돼지의 폐사두수 변화는 HACCP 제도 적용 전 호흡기와 설사로 인한 폐사두수가 각각 288.30두와 122.90두로 나타났으나 HACCP 적용 후에는 각각 261.60두와 101.10두로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유 사산, 사고사 및 기타 폐사두수는 HACCP 적용 전에 각각 91.08두, 18.22두, 108.10두로 나타났으나 HACCP 적용 후에는 85.91두, 16.37두, 108.60두로 조사되었다. 따라서 총 폐사두수는 HACCP 적용 전 628.70두에서 HACCP 적용 후 573.60두로 감소하였다. 양돈농장의 HACCP 적용 목적 중 1순위와 2순위는 각각 농장의 경쟁력 향상(26.92%)와 위생적이고 안전한 돼지생산(23.43%)인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 HACCP 적용에 따른 가장 큰 장점으로는 농장의 위생관리 수준 향상(20.90%)이었으며, 단점은 HACCP 기록(23.10%)으로 조사되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

본 연구는 안전한 축산물의 생산에 기반이 되는 농가 HACCP 제도 도입에 있어서 일부 문제로 인하여 발생되고 있는 HACCP 인증(재인증) 부적합농가 수의 지속적인 증가에 대한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 최근 3년간 HACCP 심사 결과에 따른 지적비율을 축종별로 분석하고 상위 10% 이상 지속적으로 지적되고 있는 평가항목을 도출하여 이를 개선할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 실시하였다. 총 15개 HACCP 관리 분야 평가항목 중 지적비율이 높은 평가항목으로는 소, 돼지 농가에서 4번(가축사육 공정도 및 농장평면도), 10번(중요관리점 모니터링), 12번(HACCP 검증), 14번(HACCP 교육) 그리고 닭농가에서는 10번(중요관리점 모니터링), 12번(HACCP 검증), 14번(HACCP 교육)으로 매우 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 농가 HACCP 평가기준의 대폭 축소 및 단순화, 연 1회 의무 교육 시 해당 분야 집중 교육과 위해요소중점관리기준, 모니터링, 검증 등과 같은 어려운 HACCP 용어를 각각 안전관리기준, 감시, 확인 등으로 이해하기 쉽게 풀어서 사용하여 국내 축산농가의 현실에 눈높이를 맞추어 개정되어야 많은 축산농가에서 가축사육단계 HACCP 제도를 부담 없이 안정적이고 지속적으로 운용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occuring microbial process involving the decomposition of organic materials such as livestock manure. This study explores the effect of the operating conditions, HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and feeding frequency on treatment efficiency for digestion of pig slurry, which has been one of most difficult organic waste for proper treatment in livestock production industry in Korea at the present time. The pilot-scale CSTR of 5 m3 in volume was designed. manufactured, and operated at the temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. The digester was designed to hydraulically stir for complete mixing and to supply heat from the water bath to maintain mesophilic temperature. The HRT of the digester for Test 1 and Test 2, and Test 3 was set for 17 days and 13 days respectively and pig slurry was fed once a day with 300$\ell$ each for Test 1 and Test 3, while twice with 150$\ell$each for Test 2. Test 2 showed better performance by increase of 4% in VS removal efficiency and 5% in biogas production rate. This is mainly attributed to smaller temperature drop by feeding frequently with half amount, which eventually led to lesser impact on anaerobic mocrobes in the digester. Test 2 maintained optimum pH 7.8 which uplifted the activaton of sulfur-reduction bacteria, alkalinity of around 4,000mg/$\ell$, VA of over 3,000mg/$\ell$ for whole period of experiment. Further research may require to provide the practical operation strategy of anaerobic treatment system for treatment of pig slurry.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.535-553
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• 2020

In this study, the characteristics of the waste sector CDM project were analyzed through cluster analysis of the waste sector CDM project and the analysis of the CDM investment cost in waste sector using CDM project data registered with UNFCCC since 2008 when EU ETS phase 2 began. As of September 2020, 772 cases of CDM projects in waste disposal and disposal are registered. Biogas technology is the largest, followed by livestock manure processing and biomass production technology. The results of the cluster analysis are summarized as follows: First, on average, projects utilizing AWMS technology are small in size and relatively low in investment costs. This is judged to be relatively low investment costs due to previously attracted foreign investment capital. Second, the average investment cost of CDM projects considered along with waste (No.13), the energy industry (No.1) and agriculture (No.15) was higher than those involving only waste. The analysis of the factors determining the investment cost of the waste sector CDM project showed that, as with cluster analysis, the AWMS technology, which is a livestock manure treatment technology, was lower in the investment cost than those that use other technologies. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the investment cost of the CDM project was analyzed lower in the order of biomass, AWMS, LFG and biogas. Also, the higher the investment cost for CDM projects linked to waste, energy and agriculture, and the better the investment environment, the higher the investment cost. Although no statistical feasibility was obtained, the larger the annual emission reduction, the lower the CDM investment cost.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Despite the expansion of sewage treatment facilities to reduce pollutants in the tributaries of the Han River, water pollution accidents such as fish deaths continue to frequently occur. The purpose of this study was to identify the pollutant sources using water quality and stable isotope ratio (${\delta}^{15}N$, ${\delta}^{13}C$, ${\delta}^{15}N-NH_4$, ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_3$) analysis results in the three inflow tributaries (Gulpocheon (GP), Anyangcheon (AY) and Sincheon (SC)) of the Han River. Water quality was analyzed in June and October from 2013 to 2017, and the results showed that the concentrations of nutrients, such as T-N, $NO_3-N$, and T-P, were increased at GP4, AY3, SC3, and SC4, which lie downstream of sewage treatment facilities. The results of ${\delta}^{15}N$ for June 2017 indicated that the source of nitrogen was sewage or livestock excreta at GP4 and SC4, and organic fertilizers at AY3 and SC3. ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_3$ results suggested that the source of nitrogen was related to organic sewage, livestock or manure at GP4, AY3 and SC4. Therefore, GP4 and SC4 were more influenced by effluent from sewage treatment facilities than by their tributaries, AY3 and SC3 were considered to be influenced more by their tributary than effluent from sewage treatment facilities. With the results of this study, the source of contamination (sewage treatment facility effluent) of river inflow downstream of Han River could be confirmed using water quality and stable isotope ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

Pig slurry is a good soil amendment not only because of its high organic matter content, but also because of its ability to provide various nutrients. The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of raw and processed pig slurry application on pot soil over chemical fertilizer and non-amended control soil. Change in the chemical parameters (pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), macro and micronutrients) and microbial mass of the treated soils were monitored over 30 to 90 days. Pot soil was treated with the recommended dose of pig slurry and chemical fertilizer, and was sampled after 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. The least significanct difference (p<0.05) was observed on Fe, Cu, Zn, available P and K between treatments. All treatments increased N, P and K content and microbial mass of soil over control soil. Interestingly, no significant effects were detected on OM, OC, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi mass in soil irrespective of treatments given. However fungal and bacterial counts, as well as available nutrients, were found to be higher in processed slurry (PS)-treated soil compared to other soils. In general a significant correlation existed between the fungal count and OM, OC, Zn, T Kjeldahl N (TKN), available P and K of soil. A strong negative correlation was observed between pH and Fe in soil. This study clearly demonstrated that the use of processed manure as a fertilizer could be a key for sustainable livestock agriculture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.496-501
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• 2012

Thirty-five available feeds were fermented in vitro in order to investigate their soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and methane ($CH_4$) production rate. A fermentation reactor was designed to capture the $CH_4$ gas emitted and to collect liquor from the reactor during in vitro fermentation. The results showed that $CH_4$ production rate greatly varied among feeds with different ingredients. The lowest $CH_4$-producing feeds were corn gluten feed, brewer's grain, and orchard grass among the energy, protein, and forage feed groups, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in digestibility, soluble total organic carbon (TOCs), and $CH_4$ emissions among feeds, during 48 h of in vitro fermentation. Digestibility and TOCs was not found to be related due to different fermentation pattern of each but TOCs production was directly proportional to $CH_4$ production (y = 0.0076x, $r^2$ = 0.83). From this in vitro study, TOCs production could be used as an indirect index for estimation of $CH_4$ emission from feed ingredients.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve utilization of fly ash. Each animal waste was mixed with fly ash and composted This compost used at forage crops with corn, rye and alfalfa to examine to examine the fertilized efficiency and investigated productivity of forage crops, composition of this copmost and effect of fly ash on soil characteristics and composition. Content of organic matte, P2O5, K2O, CaO, MgO, Mn and B at the soil, which is given fly ash, increased. After the test crops were harvested, pH of the soil was maintained about 7 and contents of organic matter, phosphoric aicd, K, Mg, and B was increased at the soil of used fly ash. As fly ash was mixed, each DM yield of corn and rye was increased 10∼13% and 14∼21% especially alfalfa was increased 35% at the soil which is mixed fly ash with cage layer manure. As fly ash was mixed, each Crude protein (CP) of corn and rye was increased 6∼17% and about 29%, especially, as fly and cage layer manure was mixed CP of alfalfa was increased 33%. In conclusion, as fly ash is mixed with anlmal waste and use at forage crops, It makes the soil good and improve the productivity of forage crops.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내에서 추진중인 에너지자립도 제로마을의 구축을 위하여 다양한 바이오매스의 활용방안에 대하여 소개하였고, 각 지역에서 발생하는 바이오매스의 활용가능성을 구체적으로 구현하고자 마을단위에서 음식물류폐기물, 가축분뇨, 각종 임업 및 산림폐기물의 생성량 및 그 현황을 조사, 분석하였으며, 마을단위별 추정 에너지량을 바탕으로 에너지 자립마을 조성을 위한 3가지 시나리오를 설정하였으며, 이를 기준으로 행정단위별 100% 에너지 자립마을의 크기 및 규모를 분석하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1995

축산폐기물의 처리에 이용되는 혐기성 및 호기성 소화법은 복잡한 처리기술과 유지관리 및 과다한 처리비용 등의 문제점이 있으며, 재활용법인 퇴비화는 긴 부숙기간, 수분조절제 사용 및 완숙도 판정의 어려움 등의 문제점이 있다. 이와 같은 축산폐기물의 기존 처리법의 문제점을 탈피하고 축산폐기물을 이화학적 및 위생학적으로 안정화시켜 축산폐기물 자체의 환경 부적인 측면인 악취, 기생충 및 병원균, 혐오감 등을 해소하며 처리물을 토양개량제 또는 유기질비료로 이용할 수 있는 축산폐기물의 안정화 처리 및 자원 재활용공정을 연구하였다. 본 논문은 대표적 축산폐기물의 하나인 돈분을 대상으로 안정화 반응조건을 확립하고 처리물의 안정성, 안전성, 위생성 및 비효성 등을 평가하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구결과 최적 안정화를 위한 첨가제의 투여량은 고형분 대비 약 30%, 반응시간은 약 5분이며, 건조는 자연건조 후 강제건조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 최종 안정화 처리물은 약알칼리성으로서 유기물 함량은 약 50% 내외, 비료성분인 총 질소, 인산 및 칼리의 합은 약 5.3%였다. 또한 안정화 처리시 암모니아, 황화수소 등의 악취물질이 거의 제거되었고, 일반세균과 대장균은 98% 이상, 기생충은 완전 사멸되었다. 따라서 돈분의 안정화 처리물은 토양개량제 또는 유기질비료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.