• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.110-117
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• 1986

Plasma disappearance of amaranth (AM), a model compound of organic anionic drugs, was retarded by intravenous infusion of taurodeoxycholate (TDC), a representative bile acid, in the rat. Biliary excretion accounted for 30-60% of the systemic excretion of AM. AM seemed to be metabolised in the hepatocyte to form a compound that is excreted more rapidly into the bile than AM itself, considering apparent biliary clearance, $CL_{bil}$, is much larger than systemic clearance, $CL_s$. Decrease in $CL_{bil}$ by TDC infusion might be due to elevated plasma level rather than decreased biliary excretion of AM. Decreased distribution or urinary excretion of AM by TDC was supposed to be one of the probable reasons of elevated plasma level. Competitive inhibition between AM and TDC on tissue distribution and urinary excretion might explain the mechanism. The effect of TDC on the $CL_{bil}$ of methylene blue, a cationic dye, was quite different from that of AM, as reported previously by us. More intensive study would be necessary to elucidate the difference of biliary excretion between organic anions and cations.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.376-385
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• 2001

Considerable attention has been focused in recent years upon the field of biosorption for the removal of metal ions from aqeous effluents. Compared to other technologies, the advan-tages of biosortption are the high purity of the treated waste water and the cheap raw material. Really, the first major challenge for the biosorption field is to select the most promising types of biomass. Abundant biomass types either generated as a waste by-product of large-scale industrial fermentations particularly fungi or certain metal-binding seaweeds have gained importance in re-cent years due to their natural occurrence, low cost and, of course good performance in metal biosorption. Industrial solutions commonly contain multimetal systems or several organic and in organic substances that form complexes with metals at relatively high stability forming a very complex environment. When several components are present, interference and competition phe-nomena for sorption sites occur and lead to a more complex mathematical formulation of the process. The most optimal configuration for continuous flow-biosorption seems to the packed-bed column which gets gradually from the feed to the solution exit end. Owing to the com-petitive ion exchange taking place in the column, one or more of the metals present even at trace levels may overshot the acceptable limit in the column effluent before the breakthrough point of the trargeted metal. Occurrence of 'overshoot's and impact on havey metal removal has not been analyzed enough. New trends in biosorption are discussed in this review.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.387-392
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• 2018

Various technical approaches and concepts have been proposed to develop conductive super-hydrophobic (SH) surfaces. However, most of these approaches are not usable in practical applications because of insufficient adhesion and cost issues. Additionally, durability and uniformity issues are still in need of improvement. The goal of this research is to produce a large-area conductive SH surface with improved adhesion performance and uniformity. To this end, carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a high aspect ratio and elastomeric polymer were utilized as a conductive filler and matrix, respectively, to form a coating layer. Additionally, nanoscale silica particles were utilized for stable implementation of the conductive SH surface. To improve the adhesion properties between the SH coating layer and substrate, pretreatment of the substrate was conducted by utilizing both wet and dry etching processes to create specific organic functional groups on the substrate. Following pretreatment of the surface, a zirco-aluminate coupling agent was utilized to enhance adhesion properties between the substrate and the SH coating layer. Raman spectroscopy revealed that adhesion was greatly improved by the formation of a chemical bond between the substrate and the SH coating layer at an optimal coupling agent concentration. The developed conductive SH coating attained a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, which is advantageous in self-cleaning EMI shielding applications.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were improvements on balance when both ankle-jointed calf muscles and hip muscles, which affect balance capabilities, were activated through taping techniques and EMS. In this study, the One Leg Standing Test, a static balance test, was conducted by experimenting on a flat floor, foam pad, and a stretching board with a gradient of 20 degrees, respectively, to study static balance capabilities in different situations. Nine healthy men in their 20s were measured five times every five minutes considering muscle fatigue, and the difference between each variable was analyzed through post-test using nonparametric statistical analysis. Our results showed an equal increase in static balance capability was similar when EMS was applied only to calf muscles and only to hip muscles. Notably most improvements were seen when wearing calf supporters and taping technology pants, and applying EMS together. It was also found that the difference between EMS electric stimulation and balance capability was greater when wearing and applying supporters and taping technology pants. Based on the results of the present study, a muscle support band and EMS of taping techniques can improve balance capabilities. These findings are expected to form a basis for solutions Improving the balance capabilities

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

The form of agri-food transaction has taken a rapid change from the existing method since Covid-19. In response to changes in the market environment such as Covid-19, the integrated marketing organization in Jeollabuk-do was diagnosed from the point of view of innovation, and the future direction was examined. In order to improve the distribution structure of the production area, an integrated marketing organization was fostered, and both quantitative and qualitative growth were brought about. However, some regions still lack willingness to participate and lack of expertise. In particular, there is no infrastructure and strategy to prepare for the increase in non-face-to-face transactions post Covid-19. Online transactions also require economies of scale, so non-face-to-face transaction capabilities must be reinforced by adding a separate organization and experts in charge of online transaction functions within the integrated marketing organization. In the future, online sales are highly likely to expand not only to transactions between producers and individual consumers (C to C), but also to mass consumer (B to B) transactions. It will be an opportunity. In addition, it is necessary to efficiently use production area distribution facilities such as sorting and packaging. Since the non-contact transaction method will increase after Corona 19, it is necessary to strengthen marketing capabilities such as expansion of utilization rate, order placement, settlement, and customer management, and reorganization of specialized organizations.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) metal organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (NSs) have recently gained considerable interest owing to their structural advantages, such as large surface area and exposed active sites. Two different types of 2D MOF NSs have been reported, including inherently layered MOFs and non-layered ones. Although several studies on inherently layered 2D MOFs have been reported, non-layered 2D MOFs have been rarely studied. This may be because the non-layered MOFs have a strong preference to form three-dimensionality intrinsically. Furthermore, the non-layered MOFs are typically synthesized in the presence of the surfactant or modulator, and thus developing facile and clean synthetic routes is highly pursued. In this study, a facile and clean synthetic methodology to grow non-layered 2D cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) NSs is suggested, without using any surfactant and modulator at room temperature. This is achieved by directly converting ultrathin α-Co(OH)2 layered hydroxide salt (LHS) NSs into non-layered 2D ZIF-67 NSs. The comprehensive characterizations were conducted to elucidate the conversion mechanism, structural information, thermal stability, and chemical composition of the non-layered 2D ZIF-67. This facile and clean approach could produce a variety of non-layered 2D MOF NS families to extend potential applications of MOF materials.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.335-350
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to help operate and manage the new food period system by investigating consumer perception of sell-by-date and use-by-date, and change of purchasing and consumption period by food period label. Although they have opinions that fit the purpose of introducing the system, such as the need to introduce a use by date, extending the food intake period, and reducing food waste, they still lack an accurate understanding of the system, so education or publicity is needed. In addition, no matter what form of use by date is introduced, products with food expiration date are still likely to be returned or discarded. Therefore, it is desirable to adjust the setting criteria or safety factor for each deadline rather than changing the food period labeling method. In order to reduce consumer confusion and food waste, it is judged that the parallel marking of the sell by date and use by date is appropriate.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2004

Se is essential for a number of enzymes that perform important metabolic functions necessary for good health. However, people in many countries do not appear to consume adequate amounts of Se to support the maximal expression of the selenoproteins and Se retention in the body of animals and humans is dependent on the ingested Se source such as organic and inorganic Se. Therefore, this review was discussed to explore metabolic characterization regarding intestinal absorption, bioavailability and selenoprotein synthesis according to animal species such as monogastrics including human beings and ruminants. Generally, organic Se provided to animals is more effective than inorganic Se in body retention for the animal owing to the difference of manner for intestinal absorption. But, Se absorption in ruminants depending on its chemical form still remained questioned by several microbial actions and feeding regimen in the rumen. And Se absorbed through small intestine is utilized for the synthesis of selenoproteins and/or retained as selenoamino acids in the body. Retained Se in the body may be recycled to synthesize selenoproteins as lacked of dietary Se. In conclusion, desirable forms of Se ingestion in the animal may be useful for Se fortification in animal products as well as well being for humans and animals.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.4204-4212
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• 2023

Background: Storage reservoirs of radioactive waste could be the source of atmospheric pollution due to the efflux of aqueous aerosol from their water areas. The main mechanism of formation of aqueous aerosols is the collapse of gas bubbles at the water surface. In this paper, we discuss the potential influence of biological factors on gas ebullition in the water areas of the radioactively contaminated industrial reservoirs R-9 (Lake Karachay) and R-4 (Metlinsky pond) of the Mayak PA. The emission of the released non-dissolved gases captured with gas traps in reservoir R-9 was (88-290) ml/m² per day (2015) and in reservoir R-4 (270-460) ml/m² per day (2016). The analysis of gas composition in reservoir R-4 (60% methane, 35% nitrogen, 2.4% oxygen, 1.5% carbon dioxide) confirms their biological origin. It is associated with the processes of organic matter destruction in bottom sediments. The major source of organic matter in bottom sediments is the dying phytoplankton developing in these reservoirs. Conclusion: The obtained results form the basis to set a task to quantify the relationship between the phytoplankton development, gases ebullition and radioactive atmosphere contamination.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2014

Assessment of pollutant loads for livestock manure based on total organic carbon (TOC) is being required to apply TOC as an indicator in management of total maximum daily loads. In this study, TOC based unit loads of pig manure known as highly contributing to water pollution assessed. The concentration of pig manure, amount of manure production including cleaning water, and unit loads were investigated targeting 52 farms according to 4 major river basins, rearing form, farm scale, and piggery form. The manure production was highly generated in scraper type of piggery, in small scaled farm rearing sow, and in Han River basin and Nakdong River basin. The averaged manure production was 7.4 L/head/d in total river basins. Averaged concentrations were investigated as TOC 16,037 mg/L, BOD 10,559 mg/L, TN 4,145 mg/L, and TP 503 mg/L. Corresponding unit loads were assessed as TOC 117.1 g/head/d, BOD 77.1 g/head/d, TN 34.7 g/head/d, and TP 3.67 g/head/d.