• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2023

Fine dust emitted from coal combustion is classified into filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM is difficult to control with existing air pollution control devices, so research is being conducted to understand the characteristics of CPM. Components constituting condensable particulate matter (CPM) are divided into inorganic and organic components. There are many quantitative analysis results for the ionic components, which account for a significant proportion of the CPM inorganic components, but little is known about the organic components. Thus, there is a need for a quantitative analysis of CPM organic components. In this study, aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene) and n-alkanes with 10 to 30 carbon atoms were quantitatively analyzed to understand the organic components of CPM emitted from a lab-scale coal combustor. Of the aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene accounted for 1.03% of the CPM organic components. On the other hand, the contents of ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene showed low values of 0.11%, 0.18%, and 0.51% on average, respectively. Among the n-alkanes, triacontane (C₃₀) showed a high content of 2.64% and decane (C₁₀) showed a content of 2.05%. The next highest contents were shown with dodecane (C₁₂), tetradecane (C₁₄), and heptacosane (C₂₇), all of which were higher than that of toluene. The n-alkane substances that had detectable concentrations showed higher contents than ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene except for tetracosane (C₂₄).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.501-512
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• 2016

The study evaluated methods to measure condensable fine particles in flue gases and measured particulate matter by fuel and material to get precise concentrations and quantities. As a result of the method evaluation, it is required to improve test methods for measuring Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) emitted after the conventional Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM) measurement process. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) based on the evaluated analysis process showed that RSD percentages of FPM and CPM were around 27.0~139.5%. As errors in the process of CPM measurement and analysis can be caused while separating and dehydrating organic and inorganic materials from condensed liquid samples, transporting samples, and titrating ammonium hydroxide in the sample, it is required to comply with the exact test procedures. As for characteristics of FPM and CPM concentrations, CPM had about 1.6~63 times higher concentrations than FPM, and CPM caused huge increase in PM mass concentrations. Also, emission concentrations and quantities varied according to the characteristics of each fuel, the size of emitting facilities, operational conditions of emitters, etc. PM in the flue gases mostly consisted of CPM (61~99%), and the result of organic/inorganic component analysis revealed that organic dusts accounted for 30~88%. High-efficiency prevention facilities also had high concentrations of CPM due to large amounts of $NO_x$, and the more fuels, the more inorganic dusts. As a result of comparison between emission coefficients by fuel and the EPA AP-42, FPM had lower result values compared to that in the US materials, and CPM had higher values than FPM. For the emission coefficients of the total PM (FPM+CPM) by industry, that of thermal power stations (bituminous coal) was 71.64 g/ton, and cement manufacturing facility (blended fuels) 18.90 g/ton. In order to estimate emission quantities and coefficients proper to the circumstances of air pollutant-emitting facilities in Korea, measurement data need to be calculated in stages by facility condition according to the CPM measurement method in the study. About 80% of PM in flue gases are CPM, and a half of which are organic dusts that are mostly unknown yet. For effective management and control of PM in flue gases, it is necessary to identify the current conditions through quantitative and qualitative analysis of harmful organic substances, and have more interest in and conduct studies on unknown materials' measurements and behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of mixtures of mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) and various organic sources such as livestock manure compost (LMC), dried compost of poultry manure (CPM), dried food waste powder (FWP) and amino acid by-product fertilizer (ABF) and their influences on growth of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. The content of N, P2O5 and K2O of mixture of MOF, LMC and FWP (MLF) was 3.6~3.9%, 2.1~2.2% and 1.3~1.4%, respectively. Lettuce dry weight of MLF3 treatment blending with MOF (60%), LMC (10%) and FWP (30%) was increased by about 29% than that of MOF. The content of N, P2O5 and K2O of mixture of MOF, CPM, FWP and ABF (MCFA) was 4.5~4.7%, 1.7~1.9% and 1.3~1.4%, respectively. Compared to MOF, growth factors of lettuce and Chinese cabbage in the MCFA treatments were not significantly deferent. These results indicated that MLFs and MCFAs, the mixtures of respectively organic sources and MOF, could be applied as orgnic fertilizer in the cultivation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage, and were expected that LMC and ABF might be used as another sources of organic fertilizer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 1986

A singly charged methyl orange(MO) anion was found to be extracted with chlorpheniramine maleate(CPM) as a 1 : 1 complex in chloroform. Of various solvents, MO-chloroform system gave a yellow color for CPM, while in the absence of CPM, an organic phase showed almost no color. In this way, the spectrophotometric method was investigated for the determination of CPM by solvent extraction. The addition of alcoholic bolic acid solution to the solvent extract gave a higher color stability and transparency at least 5 days, but the extract alone lost its color intensity significantly. CPM is determined by measuring the absorbance of the extracts over a range of $1{\sim}7{\times}10^{-4}M\;(39{\sim}273\;{\mu}g/ml)$ in aqueous solution at 423 nm. The molar absorptivity was $2.26{\times}10^3\;l,\;mol^{-1},\;cm^{-1}$. The absorbance of the extract was constant in the range of pH $3.7{\sim}4.6$. This novel method was applied for the determination of CPM in artificial and commercial preparations in comparison with the analytical method of CPM tablets in K.P.IV. The results obtained showed that the former was better in accuracy and time consumption than the latter.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

Korean government has invested about 400 million dollars to the business incubator using the facilities and human resources of universities and research institutes and successfully operated to contribute the economic development(1.6 billion dollars sales, 5,500 companies) and job creation(16,000 employee) in the end of 2013. Although incubators have grown rapidly, there is limited performance, like a hardware centered support, limited exploitation of resource in the university, less collaboration with the community, less star companies. This research provide a alternative capacity building direction based on the creativity and resource dependence theory. Specifically this paper suggest a building creative incubating center, traversing the valley of death, accelerator for the CPM(Capability, Product, Market) linkage, organic implementation of university resources.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

In order to find out formulation and effect of soil amendment on Fusarium wilt of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, the study was conducted during the last two years of 1992 to 1993. Among 14 chemicals (1%, w/w) added to soil including CaO individually, Al2(SO4)3, Alum, and CaO suppressed mycelial growth and conidial germination of F.oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. CaCl2 suppressed mycelial growth only, while glycerine, KCl, K2 HPO4, and triple superphosphate suppressed conidial germination. Suppression rate was ranged from 21 to 100% on mycelial growth. The 8 chemicals were finally selected. Among the 4 organic compounds, composted pine bark showed definite suppression on mycelial growth and conidial germination of the fungus, whereas milled alfalfa leaves was only effective on conidial germination of Fusarium wilt pathogen. The antagonist Trichoderma harzianum grew well in the soil medium amended with the composted pine bark and chemicals mixture (CPM) amendment (1%, w/w) and suppressed mycelial growth of the fungus effectively. In pot test, Fusarium wilt of sesame was completely controlled by CPM amendment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

One of the methods to solve the problems of over-produced livestock manure, which are produced 34 million tons or more every year in Korea, is the using of these organic resources in rice cultivation. Experiments were carried out to find our the marginal application rime of pig manure without the injury for rice cultivation, dry and compost pig manure were incorporated separately in paddy field on several different time before rice transplanting. lt could be concluded that not only both manures were able to incorporate anytime before transplanting without the injury to rice growth, but also application of CPM and DPM to the rice paddy soil can be possible. However, 50% of the recommended application of chemical fertilizer was possible when the pig manure was incorporated in the paddy field for rice production.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Application of organic resources to agricultural land can increase crop yield by improving soil characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of crop yield and soil physical properties including aggregate stability to application of organic resources in upland. The soybean was cultivated in a sandy loam field and a clay loam field located at Suwon and a sandy loam field located at Pyeongchang. The organic resources used in this study were rice straw compost (RSC), composted pig manure with sawdust (CPIG), composted poultry manure with sawdust (CPM), and cocopeat applied before sowing crop. Application rate of organic resources was determined based on carbon content and water content. The inorganic fertilizers were applied based on soil testing. In addition, the decomposition of RSC, CPIG, and cocopeat was characterized by isothermal incubation with sandy loam soil. The decomposition rate was highest for RSC followed by CPIG and cocopeat. Organic resource application increased yield of soybean, which effect was greater in clay loam than in sandy loam. In addition, increase in gas phase proportion by organic resource application was distinct in clay loam soil compared with sandy loam soil. In terms of aggregate stability, increasing effect was more obvious in sandy loam soils than in a clay loam soil. The highest yield was observed in RSC treatment plots for all the fields. Improvement of soybean yield and soil physical characteristics by cocopeat was not as much as that of the other organic resources. The results implied that RSC could be recommended for promoting aggregate stability and crop yield in upland cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2011

Recently it revealed that urban runoff was one of the major source that contaminates the river, lake and estuary because it contains toxic compounds such as heavy metals and Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as suspended solids, organic compounds and nutrients. The engineered polymetric media in this research were developed for reducing pollutants in urban runoff and would be used to be charged in the storm water treatment equipment. The engineered media that were composed of the polypropylene was foamed to have the buoyancy and then shattered by mechanical for the efficient filtration. In this study, Spherical Expanded Polypropylene Media (SEPM), Crushed Polypropylene Media (CPM), Large Crushed Expanded Polypropylene Media (LCEPM), Small Crushed Expanded Polypropylene Media (SCEPM) were made from polypropylene. Surface characteristics of the developed media were determined by scanning electron microscopy analyses. Also, removal efficiencies of SS, $COD_{Cr}$ in the artificial road runoff and the bed headloss by media and particle pollutants captured by media were examined. Results on the surface characteristics of media indicated that SCEPM had the largest specific surface area, $0.80m^2/g$, the lowest specific gravity, 0.091, and the biggest porosity, 0.63, because of crushing the media at the process of manufacturing. And the SCEPM's removal efficiencies of TSS and $COD_{Cr}$ in the artificial road runoff were 92.9% and 83.6%, respectively and the headloss of SCEPM was the least of them.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2008

This research was conducted to examine proper manure treatment methods for a high-rise swine barn with results of the fact-finding survey on manure treatment methods used in high-rise swine barns and sawdust swine barns In Korea. The average temperatures on bedding of control, T1, and T2 were between $25.3{\sim}25.4^{\circ}C$ with little difference. Air flow rate of T2 was slower than those of control and T1. Dust generation in control was 54 cpm which was higher than T1 and T2. The average ammonia concentration in control was highest showing 6.0 ppm, ranged from 0.5 to 14.5 ppm, with statistical difference (p<0.05), compared to T1 (2.8 ppm) and T2 (2.6 ppm). Sawdust spreading used in control and T1 decreased ammonia concentration. T1 showed the lowest concentration of $CO_2$. Water contents of control and T2 were close to the proper water content, 65%. T1 had the highest water content and pH, and the lowest organic matter and C/N ratio. The volumes of sawdust spread per head were 0.26 and $0.27m^3$ in control and T2, respectively, which was less than T1. Operating cost such as an electricity bill for blowers was cheap in T2. Hence, T2 bedding sawdust up to 10 cm thick and periodically spreading additional sawdust from second story was recommended.