• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 2005

Cytokinins are adenine derivatives that regulate numerous plant growth and developmental processes, including apical and floral meristem development, stem growth, leaf senescence, apical dominance, and stress tolerance. However, not much is known about how cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism is regulated. We identified a novel Arabidopsis gene, ALL, encoding an aldolase-like enzyme that regulates cytokinin signaling. An Arabidopsis mutant, all-1D, in which ALL is activated by the nearby insertion of the 35S enhancer, exhibited extreme dwarfism with rolled, dark-green leaves and reduced apical dominance, symptomatic of cytokinin-overproducing mutants. Consistent with this, ARR4 and ARR5, two representative primary cytokinin-responsive genes, were significantly induced in all-1D. Whereas SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and KNAT1, which regulate meristem development, were also greatly induced, expression of REV and PHV that regulate lateral organ polarity was inhibited. ALL encodes an aldolase-like enzyme that belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family in prokaryotes and is down-regulated by exogenous cytokinin, possibly through a negative feedback pathway. We propose that ALL is involved in cytokinin biosynthesis or metabolism and acts as a positive regulator of cytokinin signaling during shoot apical meristem development and determination of lateral organ polarity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 1989

In order to clarify the effect of the associative nitrogen fixing bacteria on the growth of corn(Zea mays L. Suwon19), we inoculated corn seedlings with Azospirillum amazonense Y1, a micro-aerobic and acid-tolerant nitrogen fixer, and analyzed the growth and dry matter production and changes of nitrogen and phosphorus quantity of the plant during the growing period. The inoculation of associative N-fixing bacgteria increased the growth of height, leaf area, dry weight and total nitrogen quantity of the plant by 15.4%, 65.4%, 33.7% and 38.0%, respectively, on the day of 56th after sowing. Especially the inoculation of A. amazonense Y1 showed two to three-fold accumulation of phosphorus in each organ of plant. The associative bacteria accelerated the growth of the under ground parts more than those of the upper ground parts of corn plant, and caused decrease in T/R ratios.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.426-431
• /
• 2015

Odin has been implicated in the downstream signaling pathway of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor and Eph receptors. However, the physiologically relevant function of Odin needs to be further determined. In this study, we used Odin heterozygous mice to analyze the Odin expression pattern; the targeted allele contained a ${\beta}$-geo gene trap vector inserted into the 14t intron of the Odin gene. Interestingly, we found that Odin was exclusively expressed in ependymal cells along the brain ventricles. In particular, Odin was highly expressed in the subcommissural organ, a small ependymal glandular tissue. However, we did not observe any morphological abnormalities in the brain ventricles or ependymal cells of Odin null-mutant mice. We also generated BAC transgenic mice that expressed the PTB-deleted Odin (dPTB) after a floxed GFP-STOP cassette was excised by tissue-specific Cre expression. Strikingly, Odin-dPTB expression played a causative role in the development of the hydrocephalic phenotype, primarily in the midbrain. In addition, Odin-dPTB expression disrupted proper development of the subcommissural organ and interfered with ependymal cell maturation in the cerebral aqueduct. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Odin plays a role in the differentiation of ependymal cells during early postnatal brain development.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2003

형질 전환된 담배 seed에서 담배 식물체를 유도하여 White 액체 배지에서 기관 배양하였다. 암조건, sucrose 2%의 조건에서 좋은 growth pattern을 나타내었고, 계대 배양은 외마디법을 이용하여 2주마다 하였다. 기관 배양에서 hGM-CSF production pattern을 보면, intracellular에서는 큰 변화 없이 약 30 ng/g의 일정한 농도를 나타내었다. Extracellular에서 hGM-CSF 농도는 배양 6일 이후부터 급속하게 증가하기 시작하여 배양 12일째에 약 0.2ng/$m\ell$의 농도를 나타낸다. 기관배양은 다른 식물세포 배양 시스템에 비해 생산되어진 단백질의 안정성이 크다는 장점에 비해 세포 내에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 적다는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 다양한 permeabilizing agents를 투여하여 담배 세포의 permeability를 증가시키고자 하였다. 그 결과, Pluronic F-68과 PEG8000을 첨가한 경우 담배 세포에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 원활해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.1471-1478
• /
• 2015

The present study aimed to assess the effect of dietary substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with dehulled-micronized faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) in guinea fowl broilers on their growth traits, carcass quality, and meat fatty acids composition. In this trial, 120 day-old guinea fowl keets were randomly assigned to two treatments which were fed from hatch to 12 weeks of age. Birds were fed two wheat middlings-based diets comprising of a control treatment which contained SBM (78.3 g/kg) and a test diet containing dehulled-micronized faba bean (130 g/kg) as the main protein source. Substituting SBM with faba bean had no adverse effect on growth traits, dressing percentage, or breast and thigh muscles relative weight of the guinea fowls. Conversely, a decrease (p<0.05) of abdominal fat was found in guinea fowls fed the faba bean-diet. Breast muscle of birds fed faba bean had higher $L^*$ score (p<0.05) and water-holding capacity (p<0.05) than the SBM control diet. Meat from guinea fowls fed faba bean had less total lipids (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.01), and higher concentrations of phospholipids (p<0.01). Feeding faba bean increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in breast meat and decreased the saturated fatty acid levels. Moreover, dietary faba bean improved the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in guinea fowl breast meat. Results indicated that substitution of SBM with faba bean meal in guinea fowl diet can improve carcass qualitative traits, enhancing also meat lipid profile without negatively affecting growth performance.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2000

Glycyrrhizae Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (GRAS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix water-extracted solution (GRWS) were prepared and tested for organ toxicities, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory effects. The organ-toxicity of GRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of GRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP-s were decreased with GRAS. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of GRAS at 1.5g/ml and 3g/ml resulted in more than 80% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7, and HeLa cells. Toxicity of GRAS to A549 revealed that 68% inhibition of growth. GRWS at the concentration of 3g/ml showed more than 80% inhibition of growth with EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells with GRAS. Administration of GRAS inhibited the growth of EATC in vivo. Mice given EATC at 1.5g/ml or 0.3g/ml GRAS had 16.7% to 50% survival after 21 days. GRAS increased the proliferation of T and B cells and the cytolytic activity of purified T cell. The biosyntheses of nucleic acid and protein of EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells were inhibited by GRAS.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2001

Sword bean belongs to the subgenus Canavalia in the genus Canavalia. White and reddish varieties in sword bean were tested to obtain the basic information for improving the yield, quality, and cultural environments through the quantitative growth analysis. Growing plants were sampled at intervals of 10 days from 20 days after sowing. Whole plant weight increased during the period of 11-20 days after sowing in both varieties. The weight of each organ between two varieties increased similarly except leaf area. Whole plant weight changed more close to pod weight than any other characters. The leaf areas of both varieties increased from 50 days after sowing, var. white displayed S type curved line but var. reddish displayed slow S type curved line. The SGR of whole plant weight in both varieties had 3 maxima and 2 minima, 3 maxima and first minimum were shown at the same period but the second minimum was shown at different period. Both varieties showed bimodal curved line. All SGR of each organ and leaf area were shown the 2 maxima and 1 minimum in both varieties. The changes of SLA and LAR were not remarkable between two varieties but these were united together with the maximum of whole plant weight and root weight. ULWR and ULWR were shown similar in both varieties. Reddish variety was more prosperous in early growth stage than white variety because SLA, LAR and LWR were high. In surplus weight, both varieties increased rapidly during the period of 111-120 days after sowing that was applicable to the maximum SGR of pod weight. Surplus weight of var. white increased markedly during the same period comparing those of var. reddish.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary lead (Pb) supplementation and feeding period on growth performance, organ weight, and Pb accumulation in pigs. Methods: In a 56-day feeding experiment, a total of 48 barrows with initial body weight 10.4±0.6 kg were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 200 mg/kg of supplemental Pb) in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. At the end of each 14 day-period (on days 14, 28, 42, and 56), an animal was randomly selected from each pen and slaughtered to collect blood samples, hair samples, left 5th rib, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples. Results: Average daily gain and average daily feed intake were reduced (p<0.05) by supplemental Pb during the day 42 to 56. Relative kidney weight to body weight was linearly increased with increasing feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). The Pb concentrations in hair, left 5th rib, kidneys, and lungs were linearly increased with longer feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.01). Conclusion: Dietary Pb supplementation caused growth retardation and Pb accumulation in most organs, particularly in hair, bone, and kidneys in a time-dependent manner.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.1585-1591
• /
• 2022

Objective: The present study examined the effects of exogenous emulsifiers and multi-enzyme supplementation into a low energy density diet on growth performance, visceral organ parameters, blood metabolites, ileal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens from hatch to 21 days. Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated in a completely randomized design to 24 pens and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments to give six replications with seven chickens in a cage. Dietary treatments were: i) positive control with standard energy level (PC); ii) negative control with 100 kcal/kg lower energy of the standard level (NC); iii) NC diet supplemented 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate as an emulsifier (NC+E); and iv) NC diet supplemented with both 0.05% calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate and 0.05% multi-enzyme (NC+E+M). Corn and soybean meal-based control diets containing vegetable oil were formulated to meet the Ross 308 nutrition specification. Chickens were fed ad-libitum with the treatment diets and sampling was conducted on day 21. Results: Our results revealed that emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into NC diets improved (p<0.05) feed efficiency of the broiler chickens compared to the broiler chickens fed NC diets from hatch to 21 days. Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme into NC diet improved (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility of the broiler chickens. However, emulsifier and multi-enzyme supplementation into diet did not influence (p>0.05) visceral organ weight, blood metabolites, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed NC diets. Conclusion: Supplementation of emulsifier and multi-enzyme in the NC diet would support improving growth performance in young broiler chickens with improved feed efficiency and increased nutrient digestibility thereby curtailing the negative impact of energy reduction in the diets.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.145-162
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oriental medical care on growth deficiency children. These cases were collected to investigate the effects of oriental medical care on growth deficiency children. So the cases were divided into 5 groups. The growth velocity was compared to a normal growth curve, and the results are as follows: 1. Oriental medical care was efficient when the epiphysial plates were not closed. 2. In female middle school beyond 1st grade students and in male middle school 3rd grade students who had almost closed epiphysial plates, the oriental medical care was not efficient and did not promote growth velocity. endothelium were used for the experiment using organ bath. 3. In the cases where the parent were very short, the effects of the oriental medical care to promote growth velocity was not efficient. 4. when we treated children of normal height, their growth velocity was over the normal growth curve. 5. In preschool aged children, oriental medical care was very efficient to promote children's growth. 6. The principle oriental medical care was to make balanced their body and digestive organs by using herb medicines that have the capability to promote the growth of the bones, and build strong muscles.