• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2003

We have gathered exposure data on ambient air quality level and investigated dose-response slope factors of air pollutants such as fine particle, HAPs (metals, VOCs, PAHs) and dioxins in Seoul. Theoretical mortality incidences were estimated from exposure to these pollutants. From the results, priorities were ranked in the order fine particle, metals, VOCs, dioxins and PAHs by ordinal scale, and the uncertainties relative to those risk estimates were described.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2002

본 논문은 개체의 반응에 영향을 미치는 독립변수들중 일부는 고정요인들이고 일부는 확률요인들로 간주되며 반응변수가 다가범주를 갖는 명목형 변수일 때, 다원분류표에서 자료를 분석하기 위한 모형으로 혼합효과모형을 제시하고 모형내 미지모수들을 추정하는 방법을 다루고 있다

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

본 논문은 개체의 반응에 영향을 미치는 독립변수들중 일부는 고정요인들이고 일부는 확률요인들로 간주되며 반응연수가 다가범주를 갖는 명목형 변수일때, 다원분류표에서 자료를 분석하기 위한 모형으로 혼합효과 모형을 제시하고 모형내 미지모수들을 추정하는 방법을 다루고 있다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.203-223
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• 2022

We propose a Bayesian approach to cumulative logistic regression model for the ordinal response based on the orthogonal principal components via singular value decomposition considering the multicollinearity among predictors. The advantage of the suggested method is considering dimension reduction and parameter estimation simultaneously. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model we conduct a simulation study with considering a high-dimensional and highly correlated explanatory matrix. Also, we fit the suggested method to a real data concerning sprout- and scab-damaged kernels of wheat and compare it to EM based proportional-odds logistic regression model. Compared to EM based methods, we argue that the proposed model works better for the highly correlated high-dimensional data with providing parameter estimates and provides good predictions.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.363-376
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• 2012

순서적 다항 반응변수의 경우 종종 과도하게 많은 수의 관측치가 0 범주에서 발생하는 영 과잉 특성을 지닌다. 이러한 영 과잉 자료에서 0범주를 발생시키는 요인이 여러 개 존재할 때 일반적인 순서적 프로빗 모형은 자료를 설명함에 있어서 한계를 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 영 과잉 특성을 반영한 이 단계 영 과잉 순서적 프로빗 모형의 베이지안 분석기법을 제시하고 이를 2008년도 통계청에서 조사한 한국인의 음주소비 자료에 적용시킨다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 음주소비가 하나도 없다고 답한 0 범주에 속하는 비음주자들을 신념 또는 영구적 건강상의 문제 등으로 상황에 관계없이 음주를 하지 않는 절대적 비음주자(genuine non-drinker, non-participant)와 현재 소비가 없지만 상황에 따라 음주자가 될 가능성이 있는 잠재적 음주자(zero consumption potential drinker)로 구분하는 프로빗 모형을 적용시켜 분석한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 잠재적 음주자와 1 이상의 범주에 속하는 실제적 음주자를 합하여 음주자 집단으로 보고 이에 대하여 순서적 프로빗 모형을 적용하여 분석한다. 분석결과, 비음주자 중 약 30%가 절대적 비음주자로 음주자료가 일반적 순서적 자료에 비하여 뚜렷한 영 과잉 특성을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 각 변수의 한계효과를 분석함으로써 같은 설명변수가 절대적 비음주자와 잠재적 음주자에 미치는 영향이 서로 반대로 나타날 수 있음을 발견하였고, 따라서 한국인의 음주자료에 대하여 제안된 영 과잉 순서적 프로빗 모형이 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7975-7979
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition to likelihood ratio test were used to explore associations of IHC4 scores and other clinico-pathological parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage. Results: Taking the 25th percentile as the cut-off, a lower IHC4 score was associated with an increased probability of pCR (low; 52.9% vs. High; 21.6%, OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.28-13.16, p=0.018) and a lower pathological stage (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.34-11.33, p=0.012). When the IHC4 score was treated as a continuous variable, a lower score was again associated with an increased probability of pCR (OR=1.010, 95% CI=1.001-1.018, p=0.025) and lower pathological stage (OR=1.009, 95% CI=1.002-1.017, P=0.008). Lower clinical stage was associated with a better pCR rate that was of borderline significance (P=0.056). When clinical stage and IHC4 score were incorporated together in a logistic model, the likelihood ratio test gave a P-value of 0.004 after removal of the IHC4 score and 0.011 after removal of the stage, indicating a more significant predictive value of the IHC4 score for pCR. Conclusions: This study suggests that the IHC4 score can predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR-positive BC patients. This finding now needs to be validated in a larger cohort of patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: Electrical stimulation is one of several treatments recommended for RA patients. Electrical stimulation of RA patients, reduces pain, or facilitates joint motion prior to exercises. However, there is still limited evidence on the efficacy of electrical stimulation and thus any conclusions drawn about this method remain controversial. Recently, Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (MENS) has received significant attention as a potential method of electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of microcurrent treatment in rheumatoid arthritis rat. Methods: Subjects were allocated either to the control group or experimental group, which was subject to microcurrent stimulation. Interleukin-1 expression in the metatarsophlangeal joint and the oedema index in the ankle were used for classification and subsequent evaluation of pathology. Subjects were assessed at 1, 7 and 14 days after inducing rheumatoid arthritis through adjuvant injection. Thirty-six subjects, 18 in each group, were used in this study. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the differences between the two groups and between each interval assessment. Categorical variables were compared between the two groups with the paired-T test. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to assess changes in ordinal variables. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. The biological marker of pro-inflammatory cytokine and oedema index were decreased in response to this treatment. Conclusion: These data show that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a microcurrent stimulation device reduced the oedema index and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2004

Objectives : The study was designed to test if alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among adolescent females are related to their parents' level of alcohol problems. Methods : In 2001, a stratified sample of 2077 adolescent females, grades 10-11, from twelve female-only high schools located in a large metropolitan city in the Republic of Korea completed a questionnaire about alcohol use, parental attention, and parental alcohol consumption, and other risk and protective factors. Data were analyzed with chi-square and regression analyses. Results : Nearly 63% of the student drinkers had experienced at least one to two alcohol-related problems in their lives. Two-thirds of all 2077 students indicated that at least one of their parents had an alcohol-related problem and that approximately 29% had experienced several problems. Results of random effects ordinal logistic regression analyses suggest a dose-response relationship between parental and youth alcohol-related problems. Youth who report having parents with some and many alcohol problems were 30% (Odds Ratios [OR] = 1.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.10 - 1.53) and 55% (OR = 1.55; 95%CI = 1.23 - 1.95) more likely to experience alcohol-related problems than youth whose parents do not have alcohol problems, respectively, after statistically adjusting for important covariates. Conclusions : This study presents evidence that alcohol-related problems among adolescent female students is highly prevalent. Also, the study findings reveal a high percentage of parents with alcohol problems, as reported by students. This study presents evidence of what might be a hidden problem among adults and youths in the Republic of Korea that merits serious attention.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 2024

Broadband Internet has proven to be vital for economic growth in developed countries. Developing countries have implemented several initiatives to increase their broadband access. However, its full potential can only be realized through adoption and use. With lower-middle-income countries accounting for the majority of the world's unconnected population, this study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate users' intentions to adopt broadband. Rural Tanzania was chosen as a case study. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three weeks, using 155 people from seven villages with the lowest broadband adoption rates. Non-probability voluntary response sampling was used to recruit the participants. Using the TPB constructs: attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), ordinal regression analysis was employed to predict intention. Descriptive statistical analysis yielded mean scores (standard deviation) as 3.59 (0.46) for ATB, 3.34 (0.40) for SN, 3.75 (0.29) for PBC, and 4.12 (0.66) for intention. The model adequately described the data based on a comparison of the model with predictors and the null model, which revealed a substantial improvement in fit (p<0.05). Moreover, the predictors accounted for 50.3% of the variation in the intention to use broadband Internet, demonstrating the predictive power of the TPB constructs. Furthermore, the TPB constructs were all significant positive predictors of intention: ATB (β=1.938, p<0.05), SN (β=2.144, p<0.05), and PBC (β=1.437, p=0.013). The findings of this study provide insight into how behavioral factors influence the likelihood of individuals adopting broadband Internet and could guide interventions through policies meant to promote broadband adoption.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 2016년 KPS 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 임상의사의 삶의 만족도 자가 평가 수준과 이와 관련된 요인을 파악하였다. KPS는 우리나라 전체 의사를 대상으로 근무 현황 및 환경, 보건의료체계·정책 인식 및 평가수준, 보건의료정보시스템 가용 현황 및 활용 정도, 직업 및 직무만족도, 활동 계획 및 진로, 생활습관 및 건강상태, 특정 직역(개원의, 은퇴자) 문항 등을 조사하였다. 설문지는 온라인 설문조사 방식으로 E-mail을 통해 발송되었고 최종 응답자는 8,564명으로 응답률은 13.8%였다. 본 연구에서는 현재 환자를 직접 진료하고 있는 임상의사 중에서 수련의와 공보의를 제외한 총 7,228명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 본 연구결과 임상의사의 삶의 만족도는 만족 36.1%(2,609명), 보통 42.8%(3,095명), 불만족 21.1%(1,524명)이었다. 임상의사의 삶의 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인들은 신체적 요인으로는 60대이며, 여성이고, 평소 건강상태를 좋다고 평가하는 경우였다. 심리적 요인으로는 스트레스가 적었다. 사회적 요인으로는 가족과 함께 거주하며, 가족과 보낼 수 있는 시간에 대해 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 의사로서 받게 되는 사회적인 존경에 대해 만족하고 있었다. 조직적 요인은 교수이며, 16년 이상 근무 경력을 가진 경우였다. 직업적 요인으로는 근무시간 및 업무량, 의료자원 지원, 동료 및 직원과의 관계에 만족하는 경우였다. 경제적 요인으로는 소득에 대한 만족도가 높았다. 건강행태 요인으로는 현재 흡연을 하지 않으며, 음주횟수는 한 달에 1번 미만이었다. 임상의사의 삶의 만족도는 단순히 개인의 삶을 떠나 의사를 만나는 환자의 진료행위에까지 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 감안할 때 임상의사의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위한 다각도의 접근이 필요하다고 생각한다. 이를 통해 임상의사들은 우리 사회 구성원 중 하나로 균형 있는 삶을 영위하고, 나아가 우리 사회 구성원들에게 보다 질 높은 보건의료서비스를 제공할 수 있기를 기대한다.