• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2021

For the government of president Moon's AI SW HRD policy, he proclaimed AI democracy that anyone can utilize artificial intelligence technology to spread AI education for the people of the country. Through cognitive map analysis, this study presents expected policy outcomes due to the input of policy factors to overcome crisis factors and utilize opportunity factors. According to the cognitive guidance analysis, first, the opportunity factor is recognized as accelerating the digital transformation to Covid 19 if AI SW HRD is well nurtured. Second, the crisis factor refers to the rapid paradigm shift caused by the intelligence information society, resulting in job losses in the manufacturing sector and deepening imbalance in manpower supply and demand, especially in the artificial intelligence sector. Third, the comprehensive cognitive map shows a circular process for creating an AI SW ecosystem in response to threats caused by untact caused by Corona and a circular process for securing AI talent in response to threats caused by deepening imbalance in manpower supply and demand in the AI sector. Fourth, in order to accelerate the digital circulation that has been accelerated by Corona, we found a circular process to succeed in the Korean version of digital new deal by strengthening national and corporate competitiveness through AI-utilized capacity and industrial and regional AI education. Finally, the AI utilization empowerment strengthening rotation process is the most dominant of the four mechanisms, and we also found a relatively controllable feedback loop to obtain policy outputs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 2022

Identifying fine cracks in steel bridge facilities is a challenging task of structural health monitoring (SHM). This study proposed an end-to-end crack image segmentation framework based on a one-step Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for pixel-level object recognition with high accuracy. To particularly address the challenges arising from small object detection in complex background, efforts were made in loss function selection aiming at sample imbalance and module modification in order to improve the generalization ability on complicated images. Specifically, loss functions were compared among alternatives including the Binary Cross Entropy (BCE), Focal, Tversky and Dice loss, with the last three specialized for biased sample distribution. Structural modifications with dilated convolution, Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) were also performed to form a new backbone termed CrackDet. Models of various loss functions and feature extraction modules were trained on crack images and tested on full-scale images collected on steel box girders. The CNN model incorporated the classic U-Net as its backbone, and Dice loss as its loss function achieved the highest mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) of 0.7571 on full-scale pictures. In contrast, the best performance on cropped crack images was achieved by integrating CrackDet with Dice loss at a mIoU of 0.7670.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2023

Recently, as a health problem of the elderly in an aging society, the risk of nutritional imbalance and weakening of immunity due to deterioration of masticatory function has been mentioned. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression in mice induced by fermented samultang (FST) porridge on the markers related to immune activity function. ICR Mouse was divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each. Experimental groups were set as normal control group, CPA-administration group, positive control group, and FST-administration experimental group (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%). In groups except for the normal control group, 100 µL of CPA dissolved in 0.9% NaCl at a concentration of 150 mg/kg was injected twice at the start of the experiment and after 3 days to induce immunosuppression. As a result of analyzing the cell proliferation capacity of splenocytes, all B and T cells decreased in the CPA-administered group and increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the FST-administered group. In addition, IgA measured to evaluate the effect of improving immunity showed high values in medium and high concentration FST (P<0.05). These results can be expected as an effective solution to improve the nutritional imbalance of the elderly.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.569-589
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• 2018

Cloud computing, also known as "country as you go", is used to turn any computer into a dematerialized architecture in which users can access different services. In addition to the daily evolution of stakeholders' number and beneficiaries, the imbalance between the virtual machines of data centers in a cloud environment impacts the performance as it decreases the hardware resources and the software's profitability. Our axis of research is the load balancing between a data center's virtual machines. It is used for reducing the degree of load imbalance between those machines in order to solve the problems caused by this technological evolution and ensure a greater quality of service. Our article focuses on two main phases: the pre-classification of tasks, according to the requested resources; and the classification of tasks into levels ('odd levels' or 'even levels') in ascending order based on the meta-heuristic "Bat-algorithm". The task allocation is based on levels provided by the bat-algorithm and through our mathematical functions, and we will divide our system into a number of virtual machines with nearly equal performance. Otherwise, we suggest different classes of virtual machines, but the condition is that each class should contain machines with similar characteristics compared to the existing binary search scheme.

• Strategy21
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• 통권38호
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• pp.112-162
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• 2015

This study began to confirm or review the balance of power theory by applying scientific methods through experiential cases. Though there are several kinds of national power, this study supposes military power as a crucial power when it comes to war and peace. This research covered balance and imbalance through comparing relative military power between nations or nations' group. Comparison of relative military power can be achieved by statistically processing the values of which has been converted into the standard variables in same domain, then calculating the values of nation's power which has been synthesized different experiential factors. In addition, the criteria of experiential experiment is highly dedicated to European countries, USA, Japan prior to 1st and 2nd World War, as well as USA, Soviet Union and North East Asia during Cold War era. In addition, the balance of power theory has been redefined to review the action of the state upon the changes of power as mentioned in the theory. To begin with, the redefined theory states that relative level of military power between nations defines the consistency of peace and balance of power. If military power is enough to be on the range of level required to keep the power in equilibrium, peace and balance can be achieved. The opposite would unbalance the military power, causing conflicts. While the relative military level between nations change, nations seek to establish 'nations group' via military cooperation such as alliance, which also shift relative military power between nations group as well. Thus, in order to achieve balance of power, a nation seeks to strengthen its military power(self-help), while pursuing military cooperation(or alliance). This changes relative military power between nations group also. In other words, if there exists balance of power between nations, there is balance of power between nations group as well. In this theory, WWI and II broke out due to the imbalance of military force between nations and nations group, and reviewed that due to the balance of military force during the Cold War, peace was maintained. WWI was resulted from imbalance of military cooperation between two powerful states group and WWII was occurred because of the imbalance among the states. Peace was maintained from cooperation of military power and balance among the states during the Cold War. Imbalance among continental states is more threatening than maritime states and balance of power made by army force and naval force also is feasible. Also the outcomes of two variables are found military power balanced ratio of military power for balance is 67% when variable ratio of balance is 100% and standard value for balance is 0.86. Military power exists in a form of range. The range is what unstabilized the international system causing nations to supplement their military powers. These results made possible the calculation and comparison between state's military power. How balance of power inflicted war and peace has been studied through scientific reviews. Military conflict is highly possible upon already unbalanced military powers of North East Asian countries, if the US draws its power back to America. China and Japan are constantly building up their military force. On the other hand, Korean military force is inferior so in accordance to change of international situation state's survival could be threatened and it is difficult to achieve drastic increase in military force like Germany did. Especially constructing naval force demands lots of time; however but has benefit that naval force can overcome imbalance between continental states and maritime states.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the relative importance of bone age and chronological age in physique according to gender and to identify the relative importance of bone age, chronological age, and physique in physical fitness and motor coordination according to gender in order to alleviate the imbalance between physique and physical fitness in children. A total of 666 children(346 males, 320 females) between the ages of 11-14 were enrolled as subjects, and the skeletal maturation The skeletal maturation were measured by taking hand-wrist. Physical fitness were measured through a total of 4 components: muscular strength. The results of this study. First, physique variables for both males and females aged 11-14 were found to be more significant predictors of bone age than chronological age. Second, for physical fitness in males, in the order of %fat, body water, waist-hip ratio, weight, fat-free mass, and chronological age were more significant predictor variables; and in females, in the order of %fat, fat-free mass, height, chronological age, weight, bone age, fat mass, and body water were more significant predictor variables. For bone age and chronological age in physical fitness, bone age in males and chronological age in females found to be the more representative variables respectively.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2020

무선 센서 네트워크(WSN)는 제한된 배터리 자원으로 인해 수명이 짧다는 근본적인 문제뿐 아니라, 고정된 위치의 싱크로 인한 싱크 주변 노드의 에너지 소비가 비정상적으로 증가하는 에너지 불균형 문제도 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하고자, 최근에는 태양 에너지 수집형 노드를 사용하여 에너지를 지속적으로 수집함으로써 배터리 자원 제약 문제를 해결하고, 또한 모바일 싱크를 활용하여 고정된 싱크 노드 근처의 에너지 불균형 문제를 해결하려는 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 기존의 고정된 싱크 및 배터리 기반의 WSN을 위하여 제안된 유명한 데이터 수집 기법인 CTP(Collection Tree Protocol)도 이와 같은 에너지 제약 및 에너지 사용 불균형 문제는 고려하지 않고 설계되었는데, 따라서 정전 노드 발생 및 트리 구조의 루프화와 같은 네트워크의 안정성(Reliablilty)이 심각하게 저하되는 문제를 내포하고 있었다. 이를 해결하고자, 본 논문에서는 모바일 싱크와 태양에너지 수집형 노드로 구성된 WSN을 위한 향상된 CTP 기법(Solar-CTP)을 제안한다. 제안된 Solar-CTP기법에서는 수집 에너지 및 사용 에너지양 예측을 통해 노드 동작 모드를 결정한다. 아울러 싱크의 주기적인 이동으로 싱크 주변 노드의 에너지 불균형 문제를 해결한다. 성능검증을 통해 기존 CTP에 비해 Solar-CTP의 정전 노드의 수가 줄어들고, 싱크의 데이터 수집량이 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2008

본 논문은 최근 발표된 이중 모드 링-공진기를 이용한 Balun-BPF를 3-단자 회로망 분석 방법을 이용하여 전체 어드미턴스 파라미터를 유도하고 이를 이용하여 Balun의 특성을 만족함을 수식적으로 증명하였다. BPF의 표준 설계법을 적용하여 손쉽게 임의의 특성을 갖는 Balun-BPF 설계가 가능하도록 Balun 동작 상태에서의 이미턴스 슬로프 파라미터를 도출하고, Balun-BPF 양단의 감쇄극 주파수를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 회로 시뮬레이션과 실제 제작 측정을 통해 제안된 해석식들을 검증하였다. 제작된 Balun-BPF는 중심 주파수 2.46 GHz에서 71 MHz 대역폭과 삽입 손실 0.92 dB를 가지며, $174{\sim}181^{\circ}$의 위상 특성과 0.5 dB 이내의 크기 특성을 나타내었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

For the application to optic devices, wafer level package including spacer with particular thickness according to optical design could be required. In these cases, the uniformity of spacer thickness is important for bonding strength and optical performance. Packaging process has to be performed at low temperature in order to prevent damage to devices fabricated before packaging. And if photosensitive material is used as spacer layer, size and shape of pattern and thickness of spacer can be easily controlled. This paper presents polymer bonding using thick, uniform and patterned spacing layer of SU-8 2100 photoresist for wafer level package. SU-8, negative photoresist, can be coated uniformly by spin coater and it is cured at $95^{\circ}C$ and bonded well near the temperature. It can be bonded to silicon well, patterned with high aspect ratio and easy to form thick layer due to its high viscosity. It is also mechanically strong, chemically resistive and thermally stable. But adhesion of SU-8 to glass is poor, and in the case of forming thick layer, SU-8 layer leans from the perpendicular due to imbalance to gravity. To solve leaning problem, the wafer rotating system was introduced. Imbalance to gravity of thick layer was cancelled out through rotating wafer during curing time. And depositing additional layer of gold onto glass could improve adhesion strength of SU-8 to glass. Conclusively, we established the coating condition for forming patterned SU-8 layer with $400{\mu}m$ of thickness and 3.25 % of uniformity through single coating. Also we improved tensile strength from hundreds kPa to maximum 9.43 MPa through depositing gold layer onto glass substrate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1457-1467
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• 2015

해양 통신을 위한 VHF 대역 데이터 통신 시스템(VHF Data Exchange System: VDES)은 송수신단의 종류에 따라 서로 다른 주파수 대역을 사용하도록 설계되어 있으며, 육상국으로부터 멀리 떨어진 선박국에게 육상국과 연결성을 보장하기 위해 제안된 ASO-TDMA (Ad-hoc Self-Organizing TDMA) MAC 프로토콜을 이용하여 다중-홉 통신을 수행하는 경우에 주파수 채널간 부하 불균형 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 주파수 채널간 부하 불균형 문제를 해결하기 위해 통계적 기하(stochastic geometry) 모델링을 도입한다. 이를 기반으로 동일 홉 영역에서의 공간적 자원 재사용률을 분석하고, 각 홉 영역 별로 최적의 자원 할당을 통해 채널간의 부하 불균형 문제를 해결하여 자원 활용도를 극대화하는 것을 보인다.