• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

It has been reported previously that 2,2-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) (MTPA) is effective treating for clonorchiasis and less toxic to the hosts. In this studies the absorption, distribution and excretion of MTPA were observed. For this purpose $^{14}C-MTPA$ was synthesised from bis(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenoxyl) methan $^{14}C$ and administerd to the normal rabbit in a single dose of 10mg/kg IV or 20 mg/kg P.O. or to the Clonorchis infected rabbit in dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 6 days. Radioactivity in blood, tissue, bile, urine, feces and tissue of the fluke was measured after the drug was given. The concentration of MTPA in these samples were calcurated from the radioactivity. The result obtained as followes. 1. The increase in concentration of MTPA in blood and urine after oral administration of MTPA was so slow that the absorption of MTPA from the gastrointestinal tract appears very slow. 2. It is presumed that the excretion of MTPA also is slow because the reduction of MTPA concentration in blood after IV injection was very slow. 3. Large amount of MTPA was excreted from the bile. 4. During repeat dose of 20mg/kg/day for 6 days the concentration of MTPA in blood and tissue gradually increased. 5. The highest concentration of MTPA in the kidney and liver, heart, lung, spleen and muscle in decreasing order and the lowest concentration in the brain was noted. 6. During daily dose of 20 mg/kg of MTPA for 6 days of administration the concentration of MTPA gradually increased in urine and feces and the concentration of MTPA in feces was higher than of in urine. It appeares that MTPA take place enterophepatic circulation. 7. It is assumed that accumulation in large amount of MTPA in the liver and tissue of clonorchis, excretion of large amount from the bile is a favorable property of MTPA as a chemotherapeutic agent for clonorchiasis.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.389-412
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• 1992

Along with form and function relationship of craniofacial growth comes a concern for the masticatory muscles with postnormal occlusion. It is the aim of this study to grope the certain differences upon the electromyographic activities of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and class II malocclusion during the varieties of oral functions. 26 persons of normal occlusion whose mean age were 18.9-25.6 years and another 26 persons of class II malocclusion whose mean age were 19.0-28.9 years served for this study. The electromyographic recordings processed by $Medelec^{\circledR}$ MS 25 EMG apparatus were taken from the anterior and posterior temporal, and anterior and posterior masseter muscles of both sides, and suprahyoid muscles as well. Analyses of the data toward such specific activities as mandibular rest, maximal biting, chewing gums and swallowing peanuts turned out the following summary and conclusions. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the posterior temporalis showed significant augmentation in class II malocclusion, however the anterior temporalis, posterior masseter, and suprahyoid muscles manifested meaningful diminutions. 2. Stronger posterior temporalis and weaker anterior masseter and suprahyoid muscles were arranged in maximal biting with parameters of maximal mean amplitude. 3. The anterior temporalis of working side expressed smaller maximal mean amplitude in class II malocclusion. Significant swelling in duration were shown at anterior and posterior temporalis of working side, and posterior temporalis of balancing side in class II malocclusion, and marked reduction at anterior masseter of balancing side and posterior masseter of working side as well. The lessened latency were expressed at anterior masseter of working side, and anterior and posterior masseter of balancing side. Class II malocclusion group had significant prolongation of silent period duration. Mean silent period duration of 10.75 msec in normal occlusion and 24.37 msec in class II malocclusion were calculated. 4. Significant augmentations of maximal mean amplitude while swallowing peanuts were yielded at right anterior temporalis and posterior temporalis of both sides, however left anterior masseter and right posterior masseter showed diminution. No significant differences in duration showed at every muscle examined in class II malocclusion group.5. Weaker masseter and stronger temporalis were suggested as characteristics of class II malocclusion.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 마우스가드의 착용이 기초 체력 및 운동 능력에 미치는 영향을 밝히는데 있다. 특히 부분피개 마우스가드 착용의 효과를 파악하여 교합의 안정성이 기초 체력 및 운동 능력에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 K대학교 체육교육과에 재학 중인 대학생 20명을 대상으로 5가지 교합상태-마우스가드 미착용, 전악피개 마우스가드 착용, 좌우측 편측 마우스가드 착용, 전치부 마우스가드 착용-에서 각각 사이드스텝, 제자리 높이뛰기, 배근력, 악력, 외발서기, 유연성과 같은 기초 체력 및 운동능력을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 전악피개 마우스가드의 착용은 운동능력 측정 항목 중 사이드스텝, 제자리 높이뛰기, 배근력, 악력, 외발서기, 유연성, 전신반응 모두에서 마우스 가드 미착용 시와 비교하여 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 부분피개 마우스가드의 착용 시에는 미착용 시에 비해 전신반응이 유의성 있게 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 전악피개 마우스가드의 착용이 운동능력에 유의한 영향은 없으나 부분피개 마우스가드의 착용은 민첩성 향상에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 뿐만 아니라 교합적인 안정성이 단기적으로는 전신반응의 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 발생시키지 못하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

T4K는 혼합치열기의 2급 부정교합 환자에게 사용되는 기능성, 가철성 교정장치이다. 기능성 교정장치의 경우 치열과 악골의 성장에 영향을 주는 구강안면부의 근육의 부조화를 개선시키는 역할을 한다. T4K에 포함된 lip bumper는 과도한 하순의 힘을 차단하여 주고, 하순 내측 전정을 자극하는 요소가 포함되어 있다. 부적절한 혀의 위치를 교정할 수 있는 요소는 환자들이 장치를 장착하는 동안 부가적인 혀 운동을 할 필요성을 감소시킨다. 2급 부정교합 환자의 경우 하악 열성장을 동반하는 경우가 대부분을 차지한다. 이 장치는 상악 치아를 고정원으로 하여, 하악을 전방으로 성장할 수 있도록 자극하여 부족한 하악 성장을 촉진하는 역할을 하고 있다. 이와 함께 부가적으로 Labial bow와 같은 역할을 하는 요소는 상악 치열의 개선에 도움을 준다. T4K는 기성품으로 작은 부피와 부드러운 질감으로 어린 환자들의 장착 동의율을 높이는 데 장점을 가진다. 원광대학교 치과대학 산본치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 혼합치열기의 2급 부정교합 환자에서 만족스러운 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다. 요약 1. T4K를 혼합치열기의 2급 부정교합 환자에게 사용하여 안모의 개선을 얻었다. 2. 과도한 수직, 수평 피개교합이 개선되었다. 3. 하악 열성장 환자에서 T4K를 장착하여 하악 성장을 촉진하는 결과를 얻었다. 4. 구호흡 등과 같은 구강악습관의 개선을 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2004

본 실험은 당뇨병 치료에 대한 연구로 우리나라에서 민간요법에 이용되어 오던 식물인 택사에서 혈당강하에 영향을 미친 butanol분획물과 항산화영양소인 비타민 E를 21일간 경구투여 하여 글리코겐, 지질함량 및 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 간, 신장 및 폐의 상대적 무게는 당뇨대조군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 경향을 보였고 특히 신장은 현저한 비대현상을 나타냈다. 간장 글리코겐 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 Ac-VE투여군과 VE투여군에서, 근육의 글리코겐 함량은 VE투여군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간장 콜레스테롤 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 Ac투여군과 VE투여군에서 감소하였다. 간장 중성지방 함량은 정상군에 비해 당뇨대조군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 당뇨실험군에서 증가하였으며 VE투여군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간장의 MDA 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 당뇨실험관에서 감소하였으며 Ac투여군과 Ac-VE투여군에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 폐의 경우는 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 당뇨실험군에서 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 흰쥐에서 택사의 투여가 간의 산화적 손상을 감소시키므로써 산화적 스트레스 억제효과를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 비타민 E의 투여가 간장 및 근육의 글리코겐 함량을 증가시키고 중성지방함량을 증가시켰다. 택사와 VE의 상관관계는 보이지 않았고 각자 독자적인 기전에 의해서 발생하는 것으로 사료된다. 그리므로 앞으로 각 조직의 지방대사 및 약물대사효소활성에 비치는 영향에 대해 더욱 연구되어져야 할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

The objective was to investigate the hypoglycemic action of catalpol in spontaneous diabetes db/db mice. 40 db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control gourp; db/db plus catalpol 40, 80, 120 mg/kg body wt. groups and db/db plus metformin 250 mg/kg group. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as normal control group. The mice were administered with corresponding drugs or solvent by gavage for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out at the end of $3^{rd}$ week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), insulin (INS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and adiponection (APN) in serum were detected. The protein expressions of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were detected by western blot. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Hydroxymethyl glutaric acid acyl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in liver. Our results showed that catalpol could significantly improve the insulin resistance, decrease the serum concentrations of INS, GSP, TG, and TC. The concentrations of APN in serum, the protein expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and GLUT-4 in peripheral tissue were increased. Catalpol could also down regulate the mRNA expressions of ACC and HMGCR in liver. In conclusion, catalpol ameliorates diabetes in db/db mice. It has benefit effects against lipid/glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

To know the stress response and antioxidative effect of sulfur containing compounds, we observed the expression of the stress protein (heat shock protein; inducible protein) from mouse tissues and evaluated the protective effects to hydroxyl radical in mouse brain cell culture. Cysteine, methionine or sodium sulfide was fed by oral administration of 1 ml/per 6hr/three times with 1 mM, 2mM or 3mM to mouse, respectively. After that, the stress proteins were extracted from mouse tissues and analyzed the features of expression. The stress proteins by sulfur containing compounds were showed different aspects in the kinds and concentrations of their compounds, and in the tissues of mouse. In the liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in the spleen were evaluated from 32KDa to 50KDA, and the induced times were relatively late at high concentration of cysteine, early at low concentration of methionine or sodium sulfide. The stress proteins in mouse muscle were detected mostly between 24hr after treatment of sulfur containing compounds. Their molecular weights were 15~24KDa. In the antioxidative effects of sulfur containing compounds to hydroxyl radical, cell viabilities were measured by 63.2% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 65.5% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 68.6% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.3% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, or 83.0% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of cysteine, respectively. At addition of methionine, the cell viabilities were assessed as 58.1% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 62.8% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 75.7% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.6% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 79.2% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ after 4hrs exposure with 20mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO) system, while the numbers of live cells to hydroxyl radicals in treatment of sodium sulfide were showed 48.6% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 54.8% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 51.8% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 51.6% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ in the neuronal cells. In the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of tumor cells, percentages of dead cells of the CT-26 or HeLa cell were generally less than 30% even 48hr after addition of sulfur containing compounds. Conclusively, the results of these experiments indicate that stress protein by sulfur containing compounds can be used as physiological indicator for animal nutrition and for environment, and also that cysteine and methionine can play critical roles as an antioxidant.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from periodontium and have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics. Recently, the perivascular region was recognized as the developmental origin of MSCs, which suggests the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. In this study, we investigated whether PDLSCs could be a potential source of perivascular cells, which could contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. PDLSCs exhibited typical MSC-like characteristics such as the expression pattern of surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105) and differentiation potentials (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation). Moreover, PDLSCs expressed perivascular cell markers such as NG2, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor ${\beta}$, and CD146. We conducted an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to confirm the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. We could not observe significant vessel-like structures with PDLSCs alone or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alone at day 7 after injection. However, when PDLSCs and HUVECs were co-injected, there were vessel-like structures containing red blood cells in the lumens, which suggested that anastomosis occurred between newly formed vessels and host circulatory system. To block the $SDF-1{\alpha}$ and CXCR4 axis between PDLSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into the Matrigel plug. After day 3 and day 7 after injection, there were no significant vessel-like structures. In conclusion, we demonstrated the perivascular characteristics of PDLSCs and their contribution to in vivo angiogenesis, which might imply potential application of PDLSCs into the neovascularization of tissue engineering and vascular diseases.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2011

폐렴은 호흡기계의 감염이고 원인균, 병인, 침범부위, 그 밖의 여러 가지 상황에 따라서 다양하게 분류된다. 비정형 병원균주 페렴으로 의심되어 내원한 46세의 남자 환자에서 이학학적 소견이나 혈액검사, 객담도말검사, 소변검사, 기생충검사, 기관지내시경검사, 침생검 등에서 특이할만한 원인균을 찾지 못했으며, 청진이상, 고열, 고혈압, 객담, 호흡곤란 등의 증상 또한 보이지 않았다. 세균성 또는 비정형 병원균의 광범위치료 항생제 복용이나 기생충제제를 복용하였으나 재발되었으며, 자연치유 및 재발이 반복되며 호전되었다. 반흔을 남기며 호전되고 새로운 부위에 결절이 재발하기를 반복하면서 서서히 없어지는 기간은 평균 20일 정도였다. 재발 이후 흉부엑스선 촬영과 흉부 고해상 전산화단층촬영을 추적 검사한 결과 흉부엑스선 촬영에서는 특이한 징후를 관찰하지 못했으나 고해상 전산화단층촬영에서는 병변이 호전되어가고 새로운 부위에 재발되는 모습을 관찰할 수가 있었다. 양측 하부 폐에 재발성 경과를 취한 비정형병원균주 폐렴이 의심되는 환자의 경우, 흉부엑스선 촬영 소견은 횡격막이나 간(Liver), 척추 등에 의해 숨기 때문에 추적검사로서 도움을 주는 데는 한계가 있으며, 흉부 고해상 전산화단층촬영 검사를 하여 비교하는 것이 바람직하다. 저자는 재발성 경과를 취한 비정형 병원균주 폐렴1예에 대한 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1566-1577
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• 2010

Nandrolone, 19-nortestosterone, is a synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroid promoting muscle growth. Nandrolone is also present in pig meat and sera at non-negligible levels. A number of scientific reports have suggested a positive relationship between incidence of infertility and increased meat consumption in humans. The present study was designed to determine out the effect of feeding nandrolone on the testis of the male reproductive tract. Mixtures of food and nandrolone at different concentrations (0.005 ppm and 0.5 ppm) were supplied to pubertal male rats for 6 weeks. Body weight was recorded every week during the entire experimental period. At the end of the treatment, the testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat were collected and weighted. Sperm numbers in the caudal epididymis were counted. Differential gene or protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups was determined by semi-quantitative real-time PCR or western blotting analysis, respectively. Histological changes of the testis induced by nandrolone treatment were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental animals. There were no significant changes on body, testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat weights among experimental groups. A significant increase of caudal sperm number was found in the 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated group. Histological examination of the testes noted a high frequency of germ cell sloughing in seminiferous tubules of 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated rats. Even though transcript levels of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) I, $17{\beta}$-HSD4, and $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase were influenced by nandrolone treatments, protein levels of all molecules examined in the present study were not significantly affected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no visible changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups. The current study showed that oral intake of nandrolone in male rats for 6 weeks did not cause significant damage to the testis. It is considered that a feeding effect of nandrolone on male fertility would not be remarkable.