• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.205-218
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity symptoms and approximate lethal dose (ALD) of Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder by single oral dose toxicity and 4 weeks of repeated oral dose determination. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats were treated with 1,250 (low- dosage group), 2,500 (medium- dosage group) and 5,000 (high- dosage group) mg/kg. In the single oral dose toxicity test, no dead animals and toxic symptoms were observed during the experiment. And there were no related with anomalies in normal weight changes and autopsy results. In the four-week repeated oral dose determination test, no death animals and toxicity symptoms were observed during the experiment, and there were no abnormal results in weight changes, feed and negative intake measurements. Results of eye examination, urinalysis, hematological values and serum biochemical values, gross findings and absolute organ were not of singularity. These result demonstrated that no toxic symptoms were observed by the test substance Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder under this test condition, and the non-toxic content is determined to be 5,000 mg/kg/day.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

The coffee demand market in Korea is growing every year, and the adults drink an average of one cup of coffee every day. In order to investigate the effect of coffee on oral malodor, 15 Korean subjects were recruited. There were no significant differences in the values of oral malodor using BB checker(Taiyo, Japan) in the factors of sex, smoking, drinking, feeling oral malodor by themselves, feeling oral malodor by others, periodic scaling, activity of Streptococcus mutans, bleeding on probing, and coffee drinking habits. Patient hygiene performance index, calculus index, index of coat on the tongue, toothbrushing time, toothbrushing frequency had no correlation with oral malodor. The difference between before and after drinking coffee with syrup(17.93±16.54) was significant, but the difference between before and after drinking coffee without syrup(1.13±14.75) was not significant. We suggested the cause of oral malodor after drinking coffee was syrup, but not coffee.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Eating supports to gain energy and nutrition and improves quality of life. Ageing affects the food intake ability due to loss of natural teeth and the progressive muscle degeneration. Our objective was to investigate how the food intake ability (FIA) and the remaining teeth could influence on oral health related quality of life in the elderly. This study was performed with 503 elderly subjects living in Daejeon, Korea. The questionnaire with the FIA with 30 Korean food and Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) and oral examination were surveyed. The five groups according to cluster analysis of FIA had the different numbers of remaining teeth and functional posterior teeth with opposing teeth or prosthesis significantly: group 1, $21.78{\pm}8.27$ and $2.80{\pm}2.63$; group 2, $16.75{\pm}7.87$ and $2.16{\pm}2.44$; group 3, $14.68{\pm}9.77$ and $1.73{\pm}2.30$; group 4, $9.93{\pm}8.13$ and $0.78{\pm}1.68$; group 5, $10.18{\pm}8.37$ and $0.51{\pm}1.22$. The more foods the subjects could masticate, the better oral health related quality of life they had. The medium FIA, soft FIA and the number of remaining teeth could explain 46% of OHIP-14, but hard FIA could not in the multiple regression model. We suggested to develop the oral health program for the elderly to be able to eat the food with medium physical property at least be helpful to improve oral health related quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI^®) with play-centered oral defensiveness reduction activities on the oral sensitivity of a child with oral defensiveness. Methods : The subject was a three-and-a-half year-old boy with a developmental delay. The study was performed from August to September, 2018. The research design used in this study is the design for single-subject research. The experimental period was divided into three phases: three sessions for the initial baseline phase (A), 15 sessions for the treatment phase (B), and three sessions for the final baseline phase (A'). Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI^®) with active oral play was conducted in the treatment phase. The Measuring Oral Sensitivity in Practice was used to test changes in the oral sensitivity level. The Korean Children's Eating Behavior Inventory and Food Checklist were used to assess the difference in functions related to oral sensitivity before and after the intervention. Results : In comparison with the baseline phase, the Measuring Oral Sensitivity in Practice and Korean Children's Eating Behavior Inventory were improved during the treatment phase, but the Food Intake checklist score was not changed after the treatment phase. Conclusion : The use of Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI^®) with active oral play produced positive results and reduced the child's oral sensitivity and eating problems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1048-1057
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• 1994

Nonobese NIDDM patients were studied were studied with respect to changes in visceral protein status, serum glucose and lipids and insulin secretion capacity before and after intake of enteral formula. Patients with renal or hepatic disease, gastrectomy, malabsorption, weight gain over past 6 months and poorly controlled blood glucose level were excluded. Eighteen patients served as case and administered, in addition of their usual diet, 400ml of enteral formula for 8 weeks. Another 18 patients participated in controls and had usual food intake for 8 weeks. In the begining, the levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, albumin, total protein and transferrin and glucose response area on oral glucose tolerance test were not different between two groups. The response areas of insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acid and serum IGF-1 level were higher in the case than in the control group. Energy intake of patients given enteral formula exceeded their estimated energy requirements(108%) and they consumed a mean of 112g protein per day. Patients given enteral formula showed an increase in body weight(4.4%), serum transferrin(10%), IGF-1(13%) and triglyceride(34%) while controls showed no changes in those parameters at 8 weeks compared to initial values. There were no significant changes after 8 weeks in the levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin and response areas of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acid in both groups compared to initial values. This study suggests that nutrition supplement with enteral formula can increase body weight and visceral protein status in nonobese NIDDM patients without changes in blood glucose. However, excessive calorie intake could temporarily increase serum triglyceride. In addition, this study indicates that serum transferrin and IGF-1 are more sensitive indicators to changes of protein intake than serum albumin and total protein.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

The importance of dietary intake in the treatment of type 2 diabetes was emphasized. This study was performed to investigate the dietary intakes of Korean type 2 diabetes patients according to the treatment and duration of diabetes and to examine the relationships between their diet and serum lipid profiles. The subjects were 111 type 2 diabetic patients who were treated by medical nutrition therapy only, oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), or insulin with medical nutrition therapy. Dietary intake was assessed by a registered dietitian using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires Comparisons according to treatment type were made using covariance analyses. General linear models identified the independent effects of the different treatments after covarying for age, duration of diabetes, and 2-way interactions. There were no significant differences in age and BMI but was in duration of diabetes according to treatment type in these subjects. Carbohydrate to energy ratio was higher in the OHA group (P < 0.05), whereas the fat to energy ratio was higher in the insulin group for males (P < 0.05). Carbohydrate ($R^2$ = 0.24, P = 0.005) and fat ($R^2$ = 0.26, P = 0.02) to energy ratios were independently associated with the duration of diabetes after covarying for age, sex, treatment, and 2-way interactions. The levels of triglyceride (TG; $R^2$ = 0.32, P = 0.02) and total cholesterol (TC) were associated independently with energy intake and the carbohydrate ($R^2$ = 0.15, P = 0.02) and fat ($R^2$ = 0.15, P = 0.01) to energy ratios, respectively. The concern that the independent association of dietary intake with either duration of diabetes or dietary factors affects blood lipid levels could suggest that specific dietary recommendations may work better for identifiable groups of diabetes patients.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of two different fluid intake measurement methods (fluid only vs. all dietary intake) in measuring fluid balance compared to body weight change among patients with cancers. Methods: A total of 60 cancer patients in an urban cancer center in South Korea participated in the study. Adult patients who were over 18 years old; having 24-hour I&O order; and taking either normal regular diet or soft blend diet were included. Demographic information and disease related information were also gathered. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Measuring 'fluid only' for oral intake was a more accurate measure than measuring 'all dietary intake' (p=.026 vs. p=.094). Both methods had positive correlations with the amount of weight change (r=.329, p=.010; r=.303, p=.019). Measuring body weight was a more accurate and efficient way of evaluating the fluid balance than 24 hour cumulative I&O. Conclusion: Developing clinical manual for selecting proper patients who needs fluid balance monitoring is imperative. Administering weight check and/or 24 hour cumulative I&O should be considered thoroughly based on solid nursing evidence in future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.474-488
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• 2021

Purpose: Malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a significant factor affecting their adequate growth and development. This study aimed at conducting surveys and evaluating the dietary intake of children with CP according to their BMI classification and to thereby highlight the dietary factors affecting the nutritional status of these children. Methods: A total of 16 children were enrolled between the age of four and twelve. These subjects were further classified into three groups, namely underweight, normal and obese, with 6, 8, and 2 children in each group, respectively. The general characteristics, motor disturbances, body composition, feeding problems, eating habits, nutritional intake, dietary variety, and food frequency for children with CP were evaluated. Results: It was observed that motor disturbances tended to increase in underweight children with CP. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in disturbances related to oral feeding was observed with an increase in obesity. The pattern of eating habits revealed that subjects in the underweight group consumed unbalanced meals, while those in the obese group tended to consume larger meals at a faster pace. The feeding disturbance data revealed that those in the underweight group could not prepare their meals while the obese group had the problem of overeating and consuming an unbalanced diet (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary for both children with CP, who have a high degree of disability, and their caregivers to take lessons on adequate nutrient intake to prevent malnutrition. Moreover, it is necessary for the caregivers and children with CP having a low degree of disability to take lessons on providing and consuming a balanced diet and to focus on the intake of sufficient calcium in order to prevent obesity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.432-437
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• 1997

We used a herbal medicine, roots of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RS) to assess whether RS extract can decrease blood ethanol concentrations in rats fed ethanol and if so, to elucidate the mechanism by which RS extract reduces blood ethanol levels. Rats were fed ethanol orally 1 hr after the oral administration of various doses of RS extract. In another experiment, rats were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol following the intake of RS extract via gastric catheter to eliminate possible inhibition of ethanol absorption in the gastrointestine by RS extract. The administration of RS extract remarkably lowered blood ethanol levels in a dose-dependent manner in rats given ethanol orally. However, the intake of RS extract did not reduce ethanol levels in rats injected with ethanol intraperitoneally. The activities of two main hepatic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), involved in ethanol metabolism, were not affected by the administration of RS extract in rats fed ethanol. In addition, the intake of RS extract reduced serum triglyceride levels elevated by ethanol to the normal level. We conclude that the administration of RS extract lowers blood ethanol concentrations by inhibition of ethanol absorption in the gastrointestinal tracts of ethanol-fed animals.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the mixed herbal extract from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Pueraria lobata Benth, and Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (CAPA) on obesity and glucose tolerance in obese mice. Methods: Animals were divided in 6 groups, normal diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD with CAPA 100 mg/kg (CAPA 100), CAPA 300 mg/kg (CAPA 300), and metformin 200 mg/kg or lorcaserin 10 mg/kg as positive controls, and treated for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and body temperature were checked every week and then organs, blood serums were collected after treatment. The oral glucose tolerance test was also carried out after treatment. Results: Compared to HFD, CAPA extract treated mice showed significant decreases in body weight, adipose tissue weight, lipid accumulations in liver and serum lipid levels without a reduction of food intake. And fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were all improved in the CAPA treated mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CAPA extract can prevent diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance without a reduction of energy intake in obese mice.