• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of this study is anthropometric analysis of mouth and lower face of Korean. The relationship of soft-tissue to underlying bony structures determine the overall aesthetics of the face. The goal of aesthetic surgery of the face is to achieve the ideal normal and enhance the aging face. The purpose of present study was to determine the change of the morphology of the mouth and lower face based on soft-tissue landmarks according to age group to facilitate prediction during aesthetic surgery. Methods: The standardized photographs of 2,018 healthy volunteers(18 to 79 years of age; 1,070 males, 948 females) were investigated. Age groups were classified into young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Five and seven items were measured on frontal and lateral view photographs, respectively. Individual dimensions were compared in the three age groups and between males and females. Results: The width of mouth is 4.5 times larger than that of philtrum. Most of measured data decreased with age. However, woman's lip width of the mouth somewhat increased from the young to elderly. The width of lower face is 2.5 times larger than mouth in young age group and increased slightly from the young to middle-aged and thereafter slightly decreased to elderly group. Upper lip was more higher than lower lip and male lip was more higher than female. But male and female lip height is similar at old age. Conclusion: Most of Koreans showed prominent lower face because of the development or protrusion of the mandible. And the descent of soft-tissue around the mouth was one of the significant characteristics of senile change. The posterior retrusion of the subnasal was an another characteristic. This study will help to elucidate the age-related dimensional differences of the human being and to provide useful information for clinical applications in oral and aesthetic surgery.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2012

본 연구는 반추동물의 조사료 자원으로서 거대억새를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 우리나라에서 새롭게 개발된 품종인 거대억새 1호를 완숙기 이후에 채취하여 in vitro 반추위 발효를 이용해 반추위내 pH, 암모니아태 질소, 가스발생량, 휘발성 지방산 생성량 및 건물소화율을 조사하였으며, 볏짚과 비교하여 평가하였다. 거대억새는 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 반추위내 pH를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 암모니아태 질소의 경우 배양 12시간 이후에는 두 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 배양 6시간 이후 부터는 거대억새의 가스발생량이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 휘발성 지방산 생성량에 있어 acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate 및 총생상량에서 볏짚이 거대억새보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 iso-butyrate와 iso-valerate에서는 두 조사료원별 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 건물소화율에 있어 배양 12~24시간 사이의 거대억새 소화율이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 거대억새의 이용성은 볏짚의 약 80% 수준인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2009

Objectives : Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma of the head and neck region is relatively rare, but it has variable clinical and biological characteristics. Although there were few studies on this topic, there is still controversy regarding the best treatment. The authors retrospectively investigated the clinical courses and treatment results in 10 patients presenting with MALT-lymphoma in head and neck region except ocular adnexa. Material and Methods : Ten patients with a histologically verified diagnosis of the extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma arising in thyroid glands(3), larynx(3), oral cavity(2), oropharynx(1), salivary glands(1) were analyzed. Results : Four patients were allocated to stage IE and another six patients to stage IIE according to the Ann Arbor staging system. Treatment consisted of local therapy(surgical resection and/or radiotherapy) in four patients and systemic chemotherapy with/without local therapy in six patients. Complete remission and partial remission were achieved in seven patients(70%) and two patients(20%), respectively. No recurrence or mortality was observed with a mean follow-up of 40.5 months. Conclusion : Patients with MALT-lymphomas of the head and neck region were potentially treated by local modality in localized disease state. However systemic chemotherapy was also effective even in localized disease state and was well tolerated by patients. And strict staging and close long-term monitoring were recommended considering its indolent progression.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

Effects of medicinal herb extract on nonspecific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated. Wormwood, Artemisia asiatica NAKAI and barrenwort, Epimedium koreanum NAKAI were mixed at a ratio of 7 : 3 (w/w) for 2-herbs extract and wormwood, barrenwort, Korean forsythia, Forsythia koreana NAKAI, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA, peppermint, Mentha arvensis L. var, piperascens MALINV., great burnet, Snaguisorba afficinalis L., Lizard tail. Saururus chinensis BAILL., mulberry, Morus alba L., and star anise, Illicium varum HOOK, f, at the same weight for 9-herbs extract. Two-herbs of 9-herbs extract were prepared by heating after adding 10㎖ of distilled water per g of the herb mixtures. Fish (10.3$\pm$2.5g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with the 2-herbs or 9-herbs extract at the different concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% per kg diet for 12 weeks. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of serum, and hematological characteristics were examined during experimental period. After feeding test period, all experimental groups were challenged with E. tarda. Lysozyme activity from the fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% of 2-herbs extract was significantly higher than the control. But there was no difference both in bactericidal activity and hematology among each group. Sixty seven % of relative percent survival values (RPS) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of 2-herbs was higher than the other group and the control. These results suggest that supplenmentation of 0.1% of 2-herbs extract to a commercial diet may enhance disease resistance in olive flounder. Although both 0.1% and 0.5% 9-herbs extract did not improve non-specific immune reponses, they could enhance disease resistance of 53% RPS, respectively.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.729-738
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• 1998

In order to investigate the types of enteral nutrition formulas currently used in hospitals and evaluate and categorize the commercially prepared enteral nutrition formulas formulas available in the domestic market, we asked dietitians working in 6 hospitals in Seoul to complete the questionnaire and obtained compositional characteristics of 12 commercially prepared enteral nutrition formulas. The average proportion of patients receiving the commercially prepared enteral nutrition formulas(60.6%) was greater than that of patients receiving the in-hospital preparations(31.9%). In the group of patients receiving the in-hospital prepared formulas, the enteral feeding was mainly administered orally, whereas, in the group of patients receiving the commercially prepared formulas, tube feeding was the primary route of formula administration. In both groups, however, a greater proportion of patients received the formulas as total replacements of their meals and for the purpose of dietary supplementation. On the basis of major criteria for evaluation of the commercially prepared enteral nutrition formulas, the 6 products out of the 9 nutritionally complete products formulated for the purpose of dietary supplementation were grouped into the same category(standard protein, caloric density of 1kcal/ml, and tube/oral), so they were considered therapeutically comparable. However, the remaining 3 products were different in protein content(high protein) or route of administration(tube only). Of the 3 nutritionally complete products formulated specifically for the purpose of dietary therapy, 2 products were formulated for patients with renal disease, and the one product was formulated for diabetic patients. Therefore, the data in this study showed that the commercially prepared enteral nutriton formulas became an important part of the enteral nutrition for hospitalized patients in Korea, but the domestic market has not yet generated a wide variety of the formulas, not providing many choices for clinicians to manage the diets for their patients. The results of this study would be helpful for clinicians in choosing appropriate products for their patients, for manufactures in developing new products, and for regulatory authorities to establish the regulation for the broad group of heterogeneous products that are marketed and will be developed as medical foods. In addition, the process of maintaining the categories for evaluation of the commercially prepared enteral nutrition formulas should be dynamic because new products may not reasonably fit any of the existing categories.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2014

노랑콩과 검정콩 각각을 이용하여 자색고구마를 첨가한 청국장을 제조 후, 그 함유성분의 특성 분석과 기능성 평가를 위한 in vitro 및 동물실험을 행하였다. 관능평가 결과, 자색고구마의 최적 첨가 비율은 노랑콩과 검정콩 모두 원료 콩 중량비의 20%인 것으로 나타났다. 그래서 자색고구마 20%를 첨가하여 제조한 청국장과 자색고구마를 첨가하지 않은 노랑콩 청국장 및 검정콩 청국장을 대상으로 그들의 특성을 비교한 결과, 자색고구마 첨가군이 자색고구마 무첨가군보다 총 페놀성 및 flavonoid 함량에 있어 유의하게 더 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 발효를 행하지 않은 자색고구마 첨가 시료들과 비교하였을 때에도 발효를 행한 시료들이 보다 더 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 그리고 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성을 비교한 결과에서도 자색고구마 첨가 청국장의 실험군이 자색고구마 무첨가 청국장 군들에 비해 더 높은 DPPH radical-scavenging 효과를 나타냈다. 또 동이온 유도산화에 따른 쥐 혈장 산화억제능 평가에 있어서도 자색고구마를 첨가하여 제조한 청국장 추출물을 투여한 군의 혈장이 청국장 추출물을 투여하지 않은 대조군과 자색고구마를 첨가하지 않은 일반 청국장 추출물을 투여한 쥐 혈장들에 비해 산화가 더 효과적으로 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 자색고구마에 함유된 anthocyan 등의 유효성분 및 발효과정 중에 생성된 대사산물에 의해 생리활성이 향상된 것으로 판단되며, 자색고구마의 유용성 확대 및 청국장 제조산업에 유용한 자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

본 연구는 치아가 외모에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식 및 자신의 치아 만족도, 주관적인 치아에 대한 인식과 자아존중감에 대해 살펴보고, 이들의 관련성에 대해 조사함으로써 향후 치아 미용 관련 환자의 진료에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 2015년 5월부터 8월까지 서울 및 경기지역에 거주하는 일반인 320명의 자료를 수집하여 이중 응답이 미흡한 18부를 제외한 302(94.38%)부를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 적합된 회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하였으며(p<0.001), 모형 설명력은 23.4%로 나타났으며, 선정된 독립변수 중 학력(대졸 이상)과 치아가 외모에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식, 주관적인 치아에 대한 인식은 자아존중감에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과 주관적인 치아에 대한 인식이 증가할수록 자아존중감을 향상되는 것으로 나타나 치과를 내원하는 환자들의 구강건강을 향상시킬 수 있도록 이와 관련된 구강보건교육을 시행하고, 치아의 색이나 배열 등을 개선할 수 있는 적극적인 의료서비스를 제공하여 자신감과 만족감을 더 고취시킬 수 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Backgrounds and Objects: Carcinoma of the tongue is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. A primary treatment strategy includes surgery and/or radiotherapy. Resection of the tongue often results in speech dysfunction, which depends on the site and extent of resection, type of reconstruction, and the mobility of remaining tongue. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of articulation errors that were resulted from the partial glossectomy without free flap reconstruction. Materials & Method : Articulation evaluations including speech intelligibility and percent of correct consonants (PCC) were performed for 24 patients who underwent partial glossectomy for their T1 or T2 tongue cancer. Mobility of the tongue, size of the resected tongue, and the history of adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed for their relationship with the results of articulation evaluation. Results: Speech intelligibility score was $6.4{\pm}0.9$ (on 7-point scale) and overall PCC was 96.9%. There were close relationships between the size of resection and limitations in the tongue mobility, especially in "protrusion and elevation (r=-0.687)" and "retroflexion (r=-0.775)". Errors in "alveolar fricatives" and "palatal affricates" were also closely related with the size of resection (r=-0.537 and -0.538, respectively). PCC for "liquid sound" /r/ was 83.2%, which was closely related with the history of radiation therapy. Conclusion : Overall articulatory function was satisfactory in cases of early tongue cancer after partial glossectomy of a limited volume without flap reconstruction. However, the size of resection and the history of radiation therapy were closely related to the limitations in some types of tongue mobility and the resultant articulation errors.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.495-501
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• 1999

유산균식품, 발효유제품, 의약품 및 동물용 생균제 등에 사용되는 유산균을 국내에서 자체 개발하기 위하여 한국인 41명($2{\sim}35$세, 남자 26명, 여자 15명)의 분변으로부터 내산성, 내담즙산성 및 병원성균 억제능력이 우수한 Lactobacillus 균주들을 선발하였다. 최종적으로 선발한 균주를 L. acidophilus KY 2104로 명명하였으며, 생리적인 특성을 조사하였다. 상기 균주는 pH 3.0 완충용액에서 2시간동안 거의 100% 생존하였으며, pH 2.0에서는 초기 접종농도 $10^7\;cfu/mL$에서 2시간 동안 $10^4\;cfu/mL$ 이상 생존하였다. 또한 선발균주는 0.5%의 담즙산에서도 정상적으로 성장하였으며, 장내에서 주로 설사를 유발하는 병원성균(E. coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella)에 대하여 생육억제능력을 나타내었다. Rat에 대한 L. acidophilus KY 2104 균주의 급성독성시험 결과, 모든 시험군에서 사망동물은 없었으며, 임상증상, 체중변화 및 부검소견에서도 다른 이상소견이 발견되지 않았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Among the physical properties of adhesion luting cement, the aspect that requires the most important factor is the degree of solubility and water sorption. Dissolution or an inadequate due to excessive water sorption inside the oral cavity compromises the while concurrently increasing the susceptibility to secondary dental caries. Susceptibility to dissolution and difficulty of removing remnant cement from the gingival sulcus have hindered the use of dental resin cement in the clinical practice, but the improved characteristics of newer generation resin cements have interest in and enabled resin cements to be widely used in adhesion of fixed prosthesis, such as laminate veneers and all-ceramic crowns. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the degrees of solubility and water sorption of a variety of resin cements widely used for clinical purposes with different curing methods. Material and methods. Self-curing resin cements, $Avanto^{(R)}$, $C&B^{TM}$ CEMENT and Superbond C&B cements comprised group 1, 2 and 3. The dual-curing resin cements $Panavian^{TM}$ F, $Calibra^{(R)}$ and $Variolink^{(R)}$ II were divided into groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The investigation was carried out using disc-shaped specimens as specified by ANSI/ADA Specification No. 27. The degree of water sorption, water solubility and lactic acid solubility of each test group was analyzed statistically leading to the following conclusion. Results. The degree of water sorption was shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. There were significant differences between the water sorption of each group. Results of the degree of water solubility were shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. Statistically significant differences were found between each group, with the exception of groups 1 and 3. Finally, the degree of lactic acid solubility was found to increase in the following order : group 6,5,4,2,3 and 1. Significant differences were found between each group. In general dual-curing resin cements displayed substantially lower values than self-curing resin cements with regard to water sorption, water solubility, and lactic acid solubility. Conclusions. From the results of this study, dual-curing resin cements show a significantly lower degree of water sorption and solubility than their self-curing counterparts. Clinically, when selecting resin cements, the product with a lower degree of water sorption and solubility are preferred. The results of this study indicate that the use-of dual-curing resin cements is preferable to self-curing cements.