• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

The immunomodulatory effect of a new herbal preparation, HemoHIM, on the recovery from leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide treatment was investigated. The HemoHIM was made up with an addition of the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of Angelica Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix. Daily oral administration of 100 mg/kg BW or 500 mg/kg BW HemoHIM accelerated the recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. HemoHIM increased the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood when compared with the cyclophosphamide-treated control. Moreover, the suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secretion in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice were restored by the administration of HemoHIM. HemoHIM significantly reduced the abnormally heightened ratio of interleukin $(IL)-4/IFN-{\gamma}$ and immunoglobulin (Ig)E/IgG2a in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. These results suggest that HemoHIM accelerates the recovery from leukopenia and alleviates the imbalanced T helper (Th)l/Th2 responses in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Additionally, HemoHIM was found to stimulate normal splenocytes to secrete not only Thl type cytokines such as $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2, but also Th2 type cytokine IL-4. In conclusion, our results show that HemoHIM certainly has an influence on the balanced recovery of immune cells and the activation of their activities in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effects of KH-305 on erectile dysfunction in young rats, via nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathways. After oral administration of the KH-305 mixture (50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg) to young rats for 10 days, NOS and SOD protein expressions in penile tissue and testosterone in plasma were measured. cGMP degradation was also investigated using bovine vascular smooth muscle cells pretreated with an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). The penile expression levels of nNOS and eNOS-dependent NOS activities as well as SOD preventing oxidative stress by overproduction of NO were increased significantly. Also, the concentration of testosterone in the plasma was increased. In vitro, cGMP concen-trations were decreased dose dependently in the KH-305. These results suggest that KH-305 may be useful in erectile dysfunction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.443-457
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• 1994

본 연구의 목적은 비외과적 치주치료시에 부가적으로 사용하기 위해 개발한 테트라싸이클린 젤의 효과를 임상지수, 치은 열구액양 및 치은열구액내 효소활성도 측정을 통해 평가함에 있다. 치주낭 깊이가 4mm 이상 6mm이하인 구치가 편악당 적어도 2개 이상 존재하는 중등도 치주염에 이환된 환자 23명을 선택하여, 한 편악에서는 치근활택술 만을 시행하였고, 다른 한 편악에는 치근활택술 후 테트라싸이클린 젤을 치은연하로 주입한 뒤 치근면 처리하였다. 사용된 임상검사 지수는 치태지수, 치은지수, 치주낭 깊이, 치은부착 상실도 및 탐침시 출혈로, 각각 치료시작 전과 치료 후 4, 12주에 검사하였으며, 치은열구액내 효소활성도 검사를 위해 치은열구액을 치료시작 전과 치료 후 1, 2, 4, 12주에 각각 채취하고 치은열구액 양을 조사한 뒤 Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)와 Beta-glucuronidase(BG)의 활성도를 측정하였고, 효소활성도는 LDH는 340nm에서, BG는 550nm에서 각각 흡광도를 조사 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 임상지수를 측정 비교한 결과 치근활택술 만으로 치료한 군과 치근활택술 후 테트라싸이클린 젤을 병용한 군 모두에서 임상적으로 치은건강의 현저한 향상을 관찰할 수 있었으나, 통계상 두 군간의 유의성있는 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 2. 치은열구액 양은 치근활택술 후 테트라싸이클린 젤을 병용한 군이 치근활택술만 시행한 군보다 치료 후 2주와 4주에 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 3. LDH와 BG 효소 활성도는 두 군 모두 현저히 감소하였고, 비록 통계학적인 유의성은 관찰할 수 없었으나 치근활택술 후 테트라싸이클린 젤을 병용한 군에서 감소량이 더 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.251-258
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• 2014

Purpose: The preferred material for bone augmentation beyond the envelope of skeletal bone is the bone block graft, due to its dimensional stability. We evaluated the necessity of rigid fixation for the bone block graft, and compared the bone regeneration and volume maintenance associated with grafting using a synthetic hydroxyapatite block (HAB) and an autogenous bone block (ABB) without rigid fixation on rabbit calvaria over two different periods. Methods: Cylinder-shaped synthetic HAB and ABB were positioned without fixation on the rabbit calvarium (n=16). The animals were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks postoperatively, and the grafted materials were analyzed at each healing period using microcomputed tomography and histologic evaluation. Results: Integration of the graft and the recipient bed was observed in all specimens, although minor dislocation of the graft materials from the original position was evident in some specimens (six ABB and ten HAB samples). A tendency toward progressive bone resorption was observed in the grafted ABB but not in the grafted HAB, which maintained an intact appearance. In the HAB group, the area of new bone increased between 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The nonfixed HAB was successfully integrated into the recipient bed after both healing periods in the rabbit calvaria. In spite of limited bone formation activity in comparison to ABB, HAB may be a favorable substitute osteoconductive bone material.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-176
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• 2013

Objectives : To clarify the anti-arthritic activity of Ostericum koreanum Maxim. (OS) plus Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (AC) in vivo. Methods : All mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with OS plus AC once a day for 7 weeks. Oral administration of OS plus AC (200 or 50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg), a positive control. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Results : Administration of OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in serum. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with OS plus AC. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and that this action was characterized by the decreased production of IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and collagen II specific antibody in serum, CD3+CD69+ T cells, MHC class II+/CD11c+ (in DLN), CD11b+Gr-1+ cells (in PBMC), CD11b +Gr-1+ cells, B220+/CD23+ (in paw joint). Conclusions : The the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ in the culture supernatant of splenocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. In the serum of OS and AC-treated mice, the levels of IgM RA factor were decreased.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

Cancer cells have different characteristics due to the genetic differences where these unique features may strongly influence the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that the spontaneous reactivation of extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), distinct from conventional ERK activation, represents a potent mechanism for cancer cell survival. We studied ERK1/2 activation in vitro in SW480 colorectal cancer cells. Although ERK signaling tends to be transiently activated, we observed the delayed reactivation of ERK1/2 in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated SW480 cells. This effect was observed even after EGF withdrawal. While phosphorylated ERK1/2 translocated into the nucleus following its primary activation, it remained in the cytoplasm during late-phase activation. The inhibition of primary ERK1/2 activation or protein trafficking, blocked reactivation and concurrently increased caspase 3 activity. Our results suggest that the biphasic activation of ERK1/2 plays a role in cancer cell survival; thus, regulation of ERK1/2 activation may improve the efficacy of cancer therapies that target ERK signaling.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.467-483
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• 2016

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of IUS (Inulsan, an extract of Artemisiae capillaris (茵蔯), Curcumae longae (鬱金), and Crataegi fructus (山査)) on anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation.Method: We administered water extracts of Artemisiae capillaris, Curcumae longae, and Crataegi fructus for three weeks to db/db mice (C57BL/Ks), animal models induced with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mice were divided into three groups: normal (C57BL/6J mice group), control group (db/db mice without administration of IUS) and IUS group (db/db mice treated with IUS). Then we measured total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in the serum after the oral administration of IUS.Results: 1. IUS did not show any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. IUS decreased AST, ALP, and creatinine levelsand did not show any liver or renal toxicity in the db/db mice. 3. IUS increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and decreased ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. 4. IUS significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. IUS increased HDL cholesterol and significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in db/db mice. 6. IUS significantly decreased the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. 7. In contrast with the control group, fat infiltration in the liver and aorta decreased in IUS treated mice. The cell nucleus was located in the central area in H&E staining of liver. And endomembranes also were more thinner than the control group in H&E staining of aorta.Conclusions: These results suggest that IUS might be effective in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

This study was investigated to know whether pachymic acid (PA), one of the predominant triterpenoids in Poria cocos (Hoelen) has the sedative-hypnotic effects, and underlying mechanisms are mediated via ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Oral administration of PA markedly suppressed locomotion activity in mice. This compound also prolonged sleeping time, and reduced sleep latency showing synergic effects with muscimol (0.2 mg/kg) in shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital, both at the hypnotic (40 mg/kg) and sub-hypnotic (28 mg/kg) doses. Additionally, PA elevated intracellular chloride levels in hypothalamic primary cultured neuronal cells of rats. Moreover, Western blotting quantitative results showed that PA increased the amount of protein level expression of $GAD_{65/67}$ over a broader range of doses. PA increased ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits protein levels, but decreased ${\gamma}$-subunit protein levels in $GABA_A$ receptors. The present experiment provides evidence for the hypnotic effects as PA enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via $GABA_A$-ergic mechanisms in rodents. Taken together, it is proposed that PA may be useful for the treatment of sleep disturbed subjects with insomnia.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.266-269
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• 2010

Gilbert's syndrome is caused by a reduction in the activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and induces chronic, non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It has been suggested that 3-10% of the population has Gilbert's syndrome. Commonly, Gilbert's syndrome causes mild symptoms. However, a case of Gilbert's syndrome with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is presented here. The patient developed jaundice three days after birth. Five days after birth, the patient's total serum bilirubin level was 34 mg/dL. The patient received intensive phototherapy and was given oral phenobarbital. Hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia was excluded on the basis of laboratory tests. Heterozygote polymorphisms of the promoter region (-3279T>G) and exon 1 (211G>A) were found in UGT1A1 gene. After discharge, the patient did not require any further treatment. This is the first case of proven Gilbert's syndrome with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.394-400
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• 1997

The effects of methanol and water extracts of Taheebo were investigated on gastric secretion, gastric lesion and ulcer in rate. Experimental gastric lesion and ulcer was produced in rats using the following methods : HCl.aspirin-induced lesion, HCl.ethanol-induced lesion, indomethacin-induced ulcer and water-immersion stress ulcer model. In addition, the amount of gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats for 4 hours was determined. Water extracts of Taheebo significantly inhibited HCl.aspirin-induced gastric lesion at 1,000mg/kg, po in rats. Likewise, Water extracts of Taheebo caused significant inhibition of indomethacin-induced ulcer at oral dose of 1,000mg/kg. The lesion induced by HCl.ethanol was significantly reduced by both water and methanol extracts of Taheebo. It also showed significant antiulcer activity in water-immersion stress ulcer, respectively. In gastric secretion experiments, methanol extracts of Taheebo also showed significant inhibition of gastric juice secretion, acidity and acid output at doses 500 and 1,000mg/kg. These results may suggest that Taheebo shows antigastritic and antiulcerative action in rats in part by the inhibition of gastric juice secretion and acidity.