• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

Paeonia lactiflora was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Methanol extract of P. lactiflora revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction revealed anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans and ethyl acetate fraction acted as potent anti-microbial agent on C. albicans and S. aureus. The relative growth ratio(RGR) of hexane fraction of P. lactiflora against S. mutans were determined as 77.8% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 98.46% in 0.25 mg/ml and 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. lactiflora revealed RGR against C. albicans as 52.5% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 60.83% in 0.25 mg/ml and 78.33% in 0.5 mg/ml. It indicate that increasing concentration increase RGR. The measured minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of hexane fraction on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.5 mg/ml and MIC of ethyl acetate fraction on C. albicans KCTC 7270 was 2.0 mg/ml. The experiment of inhibition to growth of KB roll(oral squamous cell carcinoma) result 61.9% in butanol, 76.7% in hexane extract of P. lactiflora. The hexane extract exhibit potent inhibition effect to the growth of KB cell. These results suggest that the hexane extract of Paeonia lactiflora has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and has preventive effect to dental caries in addition to potent inhibition to KB cell growth.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2013

비록 천연유래물질 중의 하나인 통초가 항산화작용, 항염증작용 및 해열작용과 같은 효능이 있다고 알려져있지만, 종양에서의 암예방효능에 대한 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 사람 자궁경부암세포주인 HEP-2세포에서 통초메탄올추출물의 증식억제 효능 및 관련 분자표적을 확인하고자 하였다. 통초메탄올추출물은 세포증식을 유의성있게 억제하고, 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Bid의 발현에 영향을 주어 truncation을 유도하고, 이로 인해 cytochrome c가 마이토콘드리아에서 세포질로 이동하도록 유도하였지만, Bid 이외의 다른 Bcl-2 family에는 영향을 주지 못했다. 따라서, 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 통초메탄올추출물은 자궁경부암에서 암예방효능을 가진 잠재성있는 천연추출물이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1427-1432
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Galla Rhois (GR) on pathogens isolated from oral and KB human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells. Their antimicrobial activities were tested against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coil) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). GR powder has the antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, S. mutans and S. aureus. The extracts of water and ethanol have the antimicrobial activity against S. sureus and C. albicans. The water extract showed inhibitory activity against the growth and pH of above mentioned reference microorganisms. The water extract of GR declined cell viability in a dose dependent manner. DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that population of sub-G/sub 0//G₁, phase of cell cycle was increased by GR extract treatment in a dose dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that Caspase-3 was reduced by GR extract treatment. These result suggested that GR has the effect of antimicrobial on pathogens isolated from oral, and also, has anticancer effect that associated with the induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in KB human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells. It may be GR-induced apoptosis was mediated via activation of Caspase-3.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1991

The author has synchronously recorded average electromyographic activities of temporalis anteriors and masseter muscles and the maximum bite force on the mandibular first molar on the prferred chewing side. These activities were recorded in order to study the EMG activity pattern of the working side and the balancing side to maximum bete force and functioning state of muscle in 30 patients with TMD and in 30 healthy subjects as controls. The results were as follows : 1. The maximum bite force on the mandibular first molar on the preferred chewing side was 20.63kg in TMD patients and 53.30kg in the healthy subjects(p<0.01). The maximum bite force in TMD patients was 38.7% of the healthy subjects. 2. The average electromyographic activities of temporalis anterioris and masseter muscles on the working side and the balancing side during maximum bite force were lower in TMD patients than in the healthy subjects(p<0.01). The average electromyographic activities of each muscle in TMD patients were 61.0%-62.8% of the healthy subjects. 3. The proportionalities of average electromyographic activities of temporalis anteriors and masseter muscles on the working side and the balancing side to maximum bite force were greater in TMD patients than in the healthy subjects(p<0.01). 4. Between the working side and the balancing side, the proportionality of average electromyographic activity of temporalis anterior to maximum bite force on the working healthy subjects (p<0.01). The proportionality of average electromyographic activity of working side and the balancing side in both groups (p<0.05).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.167-181
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between velocity and factors which could affect the velocity of mandibular movement. For this study, 30 dental students without any masticatory signs and symptoms and 90 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) were selected as the control group and the patients group, respectively. After determining Angle's classification and lateral guidance pattern of occlusion, clinical examination for TMD was perfomed. Velocity and distance of mandibular movements were recorded with BioEGN, reproducibility index of lateral excursions was evaluated by Pantronic(PRI) and BioEGN (BERI) activity in masticatory and cervical muscles were measured with BioEMG, and occlusal contact time and cross-arch unbalance(Total left-right statistics, TLR) on clenching were recorded with T-scan, respectively. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Velocity in the patients was faster than that in the controls in most mandibular movements, but on wide opening and closing movement, result was reverse. 2. Velocity on closing movements were faster than that on opening movements in the control group and a similar tendency was also shown in the patients group. 3. Patients with muscle disorders showed a tendency to have the highest value of velocity of all diagnostic subgroups, while patients with degenerative joint diseases showed a tendency to have the lowest value. 4. Patients with canine guidance showed a tendency to have the highest value of velocity in three subgroups by lateral guidance pattern, while patients with group function showed a tendency to have the lowest value. 5. BERI had a positive correlation with opening velocity on lateral excursion, while TLR had a negative correlation with opening velocity on swallowing. 6. EMG activity on clenching in masticatory muscles had negative correlation with opening velocity on border movements, and on swollowing, while the activity in rest correlated positively with opening velocity on border movements. 7. There were positive correlation between the velocity and the distance in long components of mandibular trajectory.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 1998

The pharmacokinetic properties and antiinflammatory activity of 3% ketoprofen lotion (ID-lotion), formulated with poloxamer 407, were evaluated using rats. For the pharmacokinetic study, the lotion, at the dose of 4.5 mg/kg, was applied on the dorsal skin of rats and the drug concentration in plasma was determined using an HPLC method. As references, ketoprofen suspended in saline was administered orally, and E-lotion, which is a 3% ketoprofen lotion in the Japanese market was applied transdermally. Following the transdermal application of ID-lotion and E-lotion, $C_{max}$ were 316 $\pm$22.3 ng/ml and 163 $\pm$ 12.2 ng/ml, respectively, at the same Tma of 2 hours postdose, while $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ after oral administration of the drug were 1,030$\pm$89.1 ng/ml and 0.25 hours, respectively. Relative bioavailabilities of ID-lotion and I-lotion were 69.3% and 34.2%, respectively. The antiinflammatory activity of the two 3% ketoprofen lotions was evaluated with carrageeneninduced edema method after 50 mg of the lotions was applied on the paw of rats. ID-lotion showed 67.6% inhibition of the edema formation, while I-lotion showed 34.\\\\`r%. The calculated ED5o after transdermal application of ID-lotion was 2.5 mg/kg, while that after oral administration was 7.0 mg/kg. Based on these results, the relative equiponderal availability of ID-lotion was 296% compared to the oral administration of ketoprofen.n.n.n.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

Cefazolin ethoxycarbonylethyl ester (CFZ-ET) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of the parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin (CFZ-Na). The successful synthesis of CFZ-ET was identified with analysis of UV spectra, FT-lR spectra and NMR spectra. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-ET was more lipophilic than CFZ-Na and the ester was hydrolyzed into the parent drug in vivo. Although CFZ-ET did not have antimicrobial activity in vitro, the plasma taken after the oral administration of CFZ-ET had antimicrobial activity. Based on above observations, CFZ-ET might be rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. Therefore, it may be concluded that CFZ-ET could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the bioavailability of CFZ-Na.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the activities of Nelumbo nucifera leaf extracts on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola. Methods : The inhibitory effect of lotus leaf extracts on the growth of oral bacteria was assessed in experiments with extracts from freshly harvested and pulverized lotus leaves and bacterial cultures of dental caries. Results : The results showed that N. nucifera extracts possess antimicrobial activity on all bacterial strains. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varied from 4 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml against antimicrobial activity. The relative growth ratio (RGR) against of N. nucifera extracts were determined as 50% in concentration of 4.0 mg/ml. The extract of N. nucifera was effective in reducing on the glucosyltransferase (GTase) activity of six strains in vitro. Conclusions : Methanol extracts of lotus leaves showed antimicrobial effects on three bacterial species causing dental caries and three bacterial species causing periodontitis, as well as inhibitory effects on GTase activity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1983

Streptococcus sanguis와 여타 구강세균의 PZ-peptidase의 생산을 연구하였다. 세척한 온전한 세균세포를 효소윈으로, 그리고 PZ-pentapeptide를 효소의 기질로 사용하였다. 이 연구에서 책택한 균의 배양조건에서, S. sanguis에서는 넓은 범위의 효소활성도가, 실험실 균주와 신선한 분리균주에서 검출되었는데, 그 값은 O.5~7.9Unit/mg protein 이었다. Streptococcus mµtans와 Lactobacilli는 낮은 효소활성을 보였고 S. mutans의 경우 그 값은 0~0.5Unit/mg protein이었다. Streptococcus mitis와 Streptococcus salivarius는 다른 세균과 비교할 때 중등도의 효소활성을 갖고 있었고, Actiηomyces의 균주들은 S. sanguis처럼 넓은 범위의 활성도 (0~9.8 unit/mg protein)를 지니고 있었다. 본 논운에서 취급한 구강세균이 생성하는 PZ-peptidase가 사람의 타액단백질의 분해에 참여할 수 있는 가능성을 더불어 고찰하였다.