• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2010

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree could be life threatening requiringprompt intervention. Any objects placed in the oral cavity put patients at a risk of aspirating or swallowing the objects slipped or broken by physical injuries. Here, we report a case of 30 yr old patient with FBA during gold crown replacement was successfully treated with the use of the flexible bronchoscope. Case: A 30 yr old woman was admitted to Seoul National Dental Hospitalfor an amalgam restoration. She was scheduled to gold crown restoration for replacement of the damaged amalgam at #37 site. After performing crown lengthening procedure, the aspiration of gold crown occurred during the cementation of the crown. After aspiration, the patients complained of the subjective distress of respiration. Chest radiograph revealed that gold crown was enlodged to the left bronchus. Flexible fiberoptics was inserted to the bronchus to remove the aspirated crown. Fiberoptic assisted removal of the aspiratedcrown was successfully performed. After removal, there was no radiopaque material in the left bronchus on follow-up chest radiograph. Discussion: When aspiration of dental materials occurs, flexible fiberoptic can be used in the treatment of FBA. It is also very useful to take preventive management such as rubber dam, application of dental floss in dental procedure where there is high likelihood of FBA.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2006

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been increasingly used because of several advantages, less pain, better expectation for cosmesis (requires small incisions), and more rapid recovery compared with open cholecystectomy. Oral intake is tolerated on the day of operation or on the next. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children. Nine cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute and chronic cholecystitis in children were performed at Asan Medical Center between April 2002 and April 2004. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on a total of 10 patients, but one of them was excluded because of the simultaneous splenectomy for sickle cell anemia. Clinical presentation, operative findings, operation time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Mean age was 10.4 (4.15) years, and only 3 of patients were less than 10 years. One patient was female. In 8 the diagnosis was calculous cholecystitis. Mild adhesions were found in 3 cases and intraoperative bile leakage in 2. There was no conversion to open surgery and there were no vascular, bowel, or bile duct injuries. Mean operation time was 82.2 (20.160) minutes; mean length of hospital stay was 2.1 (1.3) day. There was no postoperative complication. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children was remarkably free of side effects and complications and had a short recovery time. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis is considered to be a standard procedure in children.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6141-6147
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of cancer deaths are preventable through early detection but there are a range of social, emotional, cultural and financial dimensions that hinder the effectiveness of cancer prevention and treatment efforts. Cancer stigma is one such barrier and is increasingly recognized as an important factor influencing health awareness and promotion, and hence, disease prevention and control. The impact and extent of stigma on the cancer early detection and care continuum is poorly understood in India. Objectives: To evaluate cancer awareness and stigma from multiple stakeholder perspectives in North India, including men and women from the general population, health care professionals and educators, and cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 39 individuals over a period of 3 months in 2014. Three groups of participants were chosen purposively - 1) men and women who attended cancer screening camps held by the Indian Cancer Society, Delhi; 2) health care providers and 3) cancer survivors. Results: Most participants were unaware of what cancers are in general, their causes and ways of prevention. Attitudes of families towards cancer patients were observed to be positive and caring. Nevertheless, stigma and its impact emerged as a cross cutting theme across all groups. Cost of treatment, lack of awarenes and beliefs in alternate medicines were identified as some of the major barriers to seeking care. Conclusions: This study suggests a need for spreading awareness, knowledge about cancers and assessing associated impact among the people. Also Future research is recommended to help eradicate stigma from the society and reduce cancer-related stigma in the Indian context.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 1992

The author investigated the 162 patients with the condylar fractres of the mandible who were admitted in Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Chosun Dental School from January 1985 to September 1992 clinically, including fracture incidennce, age and sex of the patients, causes of injures, associated injures, treatments and complications and obtained the following results. 1. Of the 449 patients with mandibular fractures, 162patients suffered condylar fractures(36.1%). 2. Of the 162 patients, males with condylar fractures were 128 patients, by a ratio of 3.8 : 1. 3. The most frequently affected age group was the third decade(32.7%). 4. Falls were ranked as the predominant cause(50.6%), followed by traffic accident(27.8%) and violence (16.0%). 5. The incidence of single condylar fractures was 28% and symphysis fractures were the most commomest of the concomittant injuries(60%). 6. The subcondylar fractures occurred most frequently(41.6%) and anteromedial displacement of the condylar fragments occurred most frequently(45.4%) 7. Of the all condylar fracture patients, children under 15 of age comprized 31 patients(19.1%) and condylar head fractures occurred most frequently at those children. 8. Of the managetments in condylar fractures, open reduction was 52.5% and remainder were closed reduction(47.5%). 9. Complications ensured such as TMJ ankylosis, limitation of mouth opening and mandibular movements, TMJ dysfunction, and anterior open bite.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

An 8-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain and poor oral intake for two months. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated. CT of the abdomen and chest X-ray showed two pseudocysts at the pancreatic uncinate process, pancreatitis with a parenchymal defect, a large amount of ascites, and a right pleural effusion. MR cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanreaticography revealed a pancreatic duct disruption. The patient was successfully treated with a chest tube placement and percutaneous drainage. After surgery, his general condition improved; the serum level of amylase normalized and the pleural effusion resolved. Pancreatic injuries are rare in pediatric blunt trauma; however, diagnostic difficulty is common with isolated blunt trauma. Therefore, a high index of suspicion should follow such an injury. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy with pancreas transection, ductal disruption, ascites, and pleural effusion who was successfully treated.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2015

Background Facial laceration is the most common injury encountered in the emergency room in the plastic surgery field, and optimal treatment is important. However, few authors have investigated this injury in all age groups or performed follow-up visit after repair. In the present study, the medical records of patients with lacerations in the facial area and underwent primary repair in an emergency room over a 2-year period were reviewed and analyzed. Methods Medical records of 3,234 patients with lacerations in facial area and underwent primary repair in an emergency room between March 2011 and February 2013 were reviewed and identified. Results All the 3,234 patients were evaluated, whose ratio of men to women was 2.65 to 1. The forehead was the most common region affected and a slip down was the most common mechanism of injury. In terms of monthly distribution, May had the highest percentage. 1,566 patients received follow-up managements, and 58 patients experienced complications. The average days of follow-up were 9.8. Conclusions Proportion of male adolescents was significantly higher than in the other groups. Facial lacerations exhibit a 'T-shaped' facial distribution centered about the forehead. Careful management is necessary if a laceration involves or is located in the oral cavity. We were unable to long term follow-up most patients. Thus, it is necessary to encourage patients and give them proper education for follow-up in enough period.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1986

The surgical reconstruction of major defects of the head and neck such as those following accidental injuries or resection of tumors has been facilitated and advanced by the development of myocutaneous flaps which provide both muscle bulk and skin coverage. Of the many available myocutaneous flaps, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has many advantages such as abundant tissue with an excellent vascularity, anatomic proximity, long arc of rotation, reliability and versatility, so it is used most frequently in head and neck reconstruction. It is the purpose of this paper to present our experiences with two cases of pectoralis major myocutaneous island flaps used in reconstruction of major defects of face; one is after resection of very large basal cell carcinoma of the left oral commissure and the other is after resection of a huge fibrous mass and destructed facial bones caused by chronic osteomyelitis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.537-542
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• 2005

Dentofacial trauma can result in tooth fracture, avulsion, facial bone fracture. The Unites states and Japan mandated the use of mouthguards for contact sports. But, Korean didn't. Mouthguards divided into ready-made type and custom-made type. Mouthguards protect the lips, intraoral soft tissues, teeth and provide the mandible with resilient support to prevent jaw fracture and dislocations. Sports-related accidents have been reported to be one of the most common causes of dentofacial trauma. Sports trauma of involving teeth with incomplete root formation cause long chair time, multiple visit, economic considerations, additional dental services. So, mouthguards can offer considerable protection against sports-related trauma.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the effects of air stacking training (AST) on pulmonary function, respiratory strength, and peak cough flow (PCF) in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 24 persons with CSCI were randomly allocated to the AST group (n=12) or the incentive spirometry training (IST) group (n=12). Patients with CSCI received AST or IST for 15 minutes, with 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, and all groups performed basic exercises for 15 minutes. In the AST group, after the subject inhaled the maximal amount of air as best as possible, the therapist insufflated additional air into the patient's lung using an oral nasal mask about 2-3 times. In the IST group, patients were allowed to hold for three seconds at the maximum inspiration and then to breathe. The pre and post-tests measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume one at second (FEV1), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and PCF. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in FVC, FEV1, MEP, MIP and PCF values after training (p<0.05). The FVC in the post-test and the mean change of FVC, FEV1, MIP were significantly higher in the AST group than the IST group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that AST significantly improved pulmonary function, respiratory strength, and PCF in persons with CSCI. Therefore, AST should be included in respiratory rehabilitation programs to improve coughing ability, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2021

Neonatal hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), injures white matter, results in neuronal loss, disturbs myelin formation, and neural network development. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been reported in neonatal hypoxic brain injuries. We investigated whether Paeoniflorin treatment reduced H/I-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and improved white matter integrity in a neonatal rodent model. Seven-day old Sprague-Dawley pups were exposed to H/I. Paeoniflorin (6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg body weight) was administered every day via oral gavage from postpartum day 3 (P3) to P14, and an hour before induction of H/I. Pups were sacrificed 24 h (P8) and 72 h (P10) following H/I. Paeoniflorin reduced the apoptosis of neurons and attenuated cerebral infarct volume. Elevated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bad were regulated. Paeoniflorin decreased oxidative stress by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species generation and while, and it enhanced glutathione content. Microglial activation and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling were significantly down-regulated. The degree of inflammatory mediators (interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were reduced. Paeoniflorin markedly prevented white matter injury via improving expression of myelin binding protein and increasing O1-positive olidgodendrocyte and O4-positive oligodendrocyte counts. The present investigation demonstrates the potent protective efficiency of paeoniflorin supplementation against H/I-induced brain injury by effectually preventing neuronal loss, microglial activation, and white matter injury via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.