• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2011

Chemical radiation protection is an important strategy to protect living beings against the deleterious effects of radiation. In the present study, the radioprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Panax ginseng extract (PGR-HAE) was studied on radiation-induced deleterious alterations in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of such extract (25 mg/kg b wt/day/animal) for 5 consecutive days, half an h. before whole-body exposure to 6 Gy gamma radiation, enhanced the 30 days survival and also inhibited the radiogenic sickness, weight loss and life shortening. PGR-HAE ameliorated radiation induced depletion in blood constituents at different necropsy intervals between 12 h to 30 d, and significantly increased the number of femoral spleen colony forming units that survived after irradiation. Furthermore, it checked depletion of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase) as well as elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in blood and liver. The significant reduction in the yield of LPO demonstrates that PGR-HAE protects the membranes against radiation-induced oxidative damage. These findings conclude that such plant extract provides significant radioprotection, and it may be potentially valuable in the prevention of injuries caused during planned and unplanned radiation exposure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2016

Background Reconstruction of orofacial soft tissue defects is often challenging due to functional and aesthetic demands. Despite advances in orofacial soft tissue defect reconstruction using free flaps, locoregional flaps still remain an important option, especially in health resource-depleted environments. This retrospective study highlights our experiences in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue reconstruction using locoregional flaps. Methods A twenty-three years retrospective analysis of all patients managed in our department was undertaken. Information was sourced from patients' case notes and operating theater records. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 16 (SPSS Inc.) and Microsoft Excel 2007 (Microsoft). Results A total of 77 patients underwent orofacial soft tissue defect reconstruction within the years reviewed. Males accounted for 55 (71.4%) cases and trauma was the main etiological factor in 45 (58.4%) of the patients treated. When sites of defect were considered, the lip, 27 (32.1%), was the most frequent site followed by the nose, 17 (20.2%). Forehead flap, 51 (59.3%), was the most commonly used flap. Complications noted were tumor recurrences at the recipient bed in 3 (3.9%) cases, tumor occurrence at the donor site in 1 (1.3%) case and postoperative infection in 11 (14.3%) cases. Conclusions Locoregional flaps still have an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with orofacial soft tissue defects. They remain a vital tool in the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon, especially in health resource-depleted environments where advanced reconstructive techniques may not be feasible.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

Purpose: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) can be damaged as a result of minor oral surgical procedure such as third molar extraction or implant placement. Repair of the injured IAN involves difficulty of access, and research studies are limited to elucidating the process of regeneration by surgical methods. This study sought to establish the rabbit animal model to apply polymeric membrane functionalized with nerve growth factor after a crush lesion for the evaluation of nerve regeneration using the electrophysiologic method. Materials and Methods: The IAN of 2 adult male New Zealand white rabbits (4 nerves) were exposed bilaterally, and crush injury rendered by jeweler's forceps was applied. Nerve conduction velocity was examined electrophysiologically using electromyography before, after, and 4 weeks after the crush injury. To evaluate the regeneration, the pattern of action potential of IAN was recorded, and the characteristics of neurons were histologically observed. Result: After the crush injury, afferent activity decreased in the injured group. Electromyography could not be recorded after four weeks because tissues surrounding the injured nerve collapsed. Decrease in the mean number of axons was observed in the injured part with membrane. Conclusion: Despite the limited result, the present animal model study may provide a possible way to research on the methods of enhancing the recovery of nerve injuries in clinical situations. For clinically widespread acceptance, however, it should gain more consecutive and scientific evidences.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2018

Purpose: Numerous indices have been proposed to analyse wound healing in oral soft tissues, but each has specific shortcomings. A new method of analysis, the Early Wound Healing Score (EHS), was evaluated in the present study. The aim was to assess more accurately early healing by primary intention of surgical incisions in periodontal soft tissues. Methods: Twenty-one patients were treated with different surgical procedures comprising 1 or 2 vertical releasing incisions as part of a surgical access flap. Twenty-four hours after surgery, early wound healing at the vertical releasing incisions was assessed using the EHS. This score assessed clinical signs of re-epithelialization (CSR), clinical signs of haemostasis (CSH), and clinical signs of inflammation (CSI). Since complete wound epithelialization was the main outcome, the CSR score was weighted to be 60% of the total final score. Accordingly, a score of 0, 3, or 6 points was possible for the assessment of CSR, whereas scores of 0, 1, or 2 points were possible for CSH and CSI. Higher values indicated better healing. Accordingly, the score for ideal early wound healing was 10. Results: Thirty vertical releasing incisions were assessed in 21 patients. At 24 hours after incision, 16 vertical releasing incisions (53.33%) received the maximum score of CSR, while 6 cases (20%) received an EHS of 10. None of the cases received 0 points. Conclusion: The EHS system may be a useful tool for assessing early wound healing in periodontal soft tissue by primary intention after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2019

Objectives: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must gain mastery of various approaches to the midface due to the increasing incidence, complexity, and severity of presenting midfacial fractures. Unlike in the case of other body parts, the need to preserve facial aesthetics makes it more difficult for the surgeon to select an approach for managing the facial injuries. The midfacial degloving (MFD) approach is a combination of intraoral and intranasal incisions made to access the midface without any external incision. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of MFD in maxillofacial surgery and to assess its advantages and complications. Materials and Methods: The MFD approach was used in five cases, with three cases treated with open reduction and internal fixation and two cases operated on for posttraumatic deformity. Nasal dorsum augmentation was completed in three cases and nasal osteotomy was performed in one case. The bicoronal flap technique was combined with MFD for frontal bone augmentation in one case. The intraoperative time required for flap completion and the ease of performing the planned procedures were noted. Postoperative evaluation was done for reduction, aesthetics, function, and complications. Results: Access was excellent for performing all planned procedures. Average time spent for flap elevation and exposure of the midface was 63 minutes. Complications like postoperative swelling, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, and intranasal crusting were all transient. No long-term complications like stenosis of the nose, sneer deformity, or weakness of the facial muscles were noticed. Additionally, no complications were noted when MFD was combined with bicoronal flap. Conclusion: Though the MFD approach is technically demanding and takes more time than other facial approaches, it should be learned and applied by maxillofacial surgeons in selective cases, as it provides complete exposure of the midface without facial scarring.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2024

Purpose: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning algorithms in dentistry, especially for processing radiographic images, has markedly increased. However, detailed information remains limited regarding the accuracy of these algorithms in detecting mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Specific keywords were generated regarding the accuracy of AI algorithms in detecting mandibular fractures on radiographic images. Then, the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was employed to evaluate potential bias in the selected studies. A pooled analysis of the relevant parameters was conducted using STATA version 17 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA), utilizing the metandi command. Results: Of the 49 studies reviewed, 5 met the inclusion criteria. All of the selected studies utilized convolutional neural network algorithms, albeit with varying backbone structures, and all evaluated panoramic radiography images. The pooled analysis yielded a sensitivity of 0.971 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881-0.949), a specificity of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.797-0.824), and a diagnostic odds ratio of 7.109 (95% CI: 5.27-8.913). Conclusion: This review suggests that deep learning algorithms show potential for detecting mandibular fractures on panoramic radiography images. However, their effectiveness is currently limited by the small size and narrow scope of available datasets. Further research with larger and more diverse datasets is crucial to verify the accuracy of these tools in in practical dental settings.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

This is a retrospective clinical study on 2,955 patients who had visited the Emergency Room of Sang-gye Paik Hospital and then been treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery during recent 4 years from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2006. The obtained results were as follows. The total number of patients was 2,955 and the ratio of male to female was 1.72:1. The age distribution peak was the 1st decade (30.8%), followed by the 3rd decade (14.3%) and the 4th decade (14.0%). Trauma (62.3%) was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, pulpitis (13.0%) and infection patients were next in order of frequency. In trauma patients group, facial bone injury, tooth injury, soft tissue injury were included and soft tissue injury group was most prevalent, followed by tooth injury group and facial bone group. In total patient, the ratio of admission was 3.5%. We obtained the results of the distribution of primary emergency care in the traumatic injury, causal distribution of the jaw fracture, distribution of related medical department in multiple associated injuries, distribution of emergency care in infection, causal distribution and control methods of oral bleeding, distribution of TMJ disorder. The trauma patient group was major in the dental patients who had visited the emergency room, but other various groups were included. So we should analyze the pattern and the variation of the dental emergent patient to provide the proper treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 1999

1992년 1월 1일부터 1996년 12월 31일까지 본과에 입원하여 치료받은 환자중 추적이 가능한 관골 골절 환자 164명을 대상으로 후향적, 임상통계학적으로 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 관골 골절 환자의 연령 분포의 범위는 8세부터 78세까지로 평균연령은 35.6세였고, 성별 분포는 7:1로 남성에서 호발하였다. 월별로는 10월(14.0%)과 8월(11.6%)에 많았고 계절별로는 가을(31.1%), 여름(25.6%), 겨울(23.2%), 봄(20.1%)의 순이었다. 발생시각별 분포는 21~24시 (34.2%)와 1~4시 (21.3%)에 많았고, 원인별로는 교통사고(53.7%)가 가장 많은 분포를 보였다. 관골 골절의 분류에 따른 분포는 class IV(33.5%)와 class III(25.6%)가 많았고, 동반된 안면부 골절은 164명중 114명(69.5%)에서 147례가 발생하였으며, 그중 상악골 골절이 52.4%로 가장 많았다. 내원 방법은 응급실을 통해 내원한 경우가 72.3%, 외래를 통해 내원한 경우가 26.8%였으며, 타과와의 연관 손상이 있는 경우는 37.2%였다. 수상후 수술을 받을때까지 경과된 시간은 5 일 이내가 36.6%로 가장 많았으며, 접근방법으로는 구내절개법(57.1%)과 눈썹절개법(38.4%)이 많이 사용되었다. 술후 합병증으로는 안구 함몰증(7.3%), 안모 비대칭 (6.7%), 감각저하(6.1%), 복시 (2.4%) 등이 발생하였다. 이상의 결과에서 관골 골절시에는 골절의 정도와 동반 골절 및 연관 손상에 대한 정확한 진단과 치료가 필요하고 타과와의 유기적인 협조하에 적절한 처치를 해줌으로써 술후 합병증을 줄일 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2010

Trauma to the lips and tongue can occur by accidental self-biting after dental treatment. After local anesthesia, it is likely that the patient may feel painless even in biting the tongue. In case of young children and disabled patients, the dentists should be careful not to bite the tongue. In this report, we present a case of deep lingual laceration due to biting the tongue in the course of dental treatment under general anesthesia. A 33 year-old male was transferred to our hospital to treat tongue laceration. Before 2 hour on arrival, he had received dental care under general anesthesia at a dental hospital for the disabled because of cooperation difficulty and cerebral palsy. During recovery from general anesthesia, he tried to bite his own tongue involuntary. The doctors and nurses tried to prevent the patient from being injured. Despite these efforts, massive bleeding occurred from the injured sites of the tongue. Because we could not communicate with him, we decided to evaluate the extent of the injury and treat the injured sites under general anesthesia. The laceration wound was sutured for nearly 1 hr general anesthesia. During recovery we inserted mouth prop into the oral cavity to prevent further injuries from tongue biting. After full recovery from general anesthesia he didn't try to bite his tongue. After 4 hour admission, he was discharged without other complications.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2003

청소년기에는 두개악안면부위의 외상성 손상이 흔하다. 그러나 상아질, 백악질, 치수를 포함하는 치아파절로 정의되는 치근파절은 비교적 드물다. 치근파절에 대하여 취 할 수 있는 적절한 조치는 파절편의 치관부위를 재위치시키고, $2{\sim}3$달간 레진강선 고정술을 시행하는 것이다. 치수괴사나 치근흡수의 징후가 나타날때까지 근관치료를 보류해야 하는데 대부분의 증례에서 파절편의 치근부위는 그 생활력을 유지하기 때문이다. 본 증례의 10세 4개월된 남아는 상악영구중절치의 치근파절을 주소로 연세대학교 치과병원에 내원하였으며, 그후 7년동안 동일부위에 2번의 반복적인 외상이 있었으나 파절편 치관부의 재위치, 레진 강선 고정술, 근관치료 시행 후 임상적으로 방사선학적으로 비교적 양호한 치료결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.