• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2010

For the biodiesel fuel production from microalgae, the lipid from wet and dry samples of green algae Scenedesmus sp. was extracted by using various solvents and pre-treatment methods. Extraction yield of the lyophilized sample was better than that of dry sample. Chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) and ultrasonication or homogenization method were also selected as the most effective solvent and pre-treatment methods for lipid extraction, respectively. Under these constraint conditions, optimization experiment of lipid extraction was investigated by Taguchi approach using orthogonal matrix $L_9$ ($3^4$) method. The optimum extraction conditions of lipid extraction was obtained at pre-treatment of homogenization, extraction time of 5 hour, temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v). Yield of extraction at optimized condition was 20.55% and it was 96% of total lipid content (21.38%) of Scenedesmus sp.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

In order to reduce the damage of effective component during processing, we carried out hot-water extraction monitering in Gastrodia elata Blume by response surface methodology. The extraction con야tions for vanillyl alcohol, vanillin and coumarin were optimized at 91.07, 93.73 and $96.30^{\circ}C$, for 2.64, 2.58 and 3.84 hr, at the concentration of 15.16, 21.56 and 19.88 mL/g, respectively. The optimal condition for extraction of total phenolics was acheved at $98.14^{\circ}C$, 3.20 hr and 18.63 mL/g. This study elicited regression formula for each variable, and superimposed the total optimal conditions of extraction for effective compounds and optimal condition for antioxidant characteristics dividing processing factors. It is shown that the predicted result under the extraction condition as follows: extraction temperature for $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, extraction time for $3{\sim}4hr$, and solvent volume of $15{\sim}20mL/g$ of sample.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.319-331
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find a solvent, a extraction method and optimized conditions for Artemisia iwayomogi extract. which is effective to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. A. iwayomogi extract by distilled water, ethanol, methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate using ultrasonic, high-pressure and supercritical extraction was investigated for NO inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Extract obtained by ethanol and ultrasonic extraction method showed high NO production inhibitory activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find a optimized ultrasonic extraction conditions. Results showed that the optimum conditions for the higher yield were ethanol solvent of 45.71% concentration with extraction time and ultrasonic power of 63.33min and 308.84 W, respectively. This condition predicted 15.85% yield, but real yield was $16.40{\pm}0.28%$. The optimum conditions for simultaneous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity were established as ethanol concentration (80.81%), extraction time (90.00 min) and ultrasonic power (400.00 W). NO production inhibitory and antioxidant activity were $89.77{\pm}1.37%$ and $60.12{\pm}0.39%$, respectively. These results showed similar to the predicted values of 94.54%, 58.03% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.446-454
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• 2008

An advanced extraction method by ultrasonic extraction with applied solid phase extraction (SPE) has been developed for the determination of simultaneous eight major ginsenosides, namely ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rg2, Rc, Rb2, and Rd in the root of Panax ginseng. Four extraction methods including n-BuOH reflux extraction (Method A), 70% EtOH reflux extraction (Method B), 50% MeOH reflux extraction with SPE (Method C), and 50% MeOH ultrasonication with SPE clean-up process (Method D) were investigated for the determination of eight major ginsenosides. Total contents of ginsenosides were highest by extraction of Method C as $2.408{\pm}0.011%$. However, Method D was evaluated as relatively simpler and more efficient method due to short extraction time, small solvent consumption and less expensive, compared to conservative reflux method. Ginsenosides were also satisfactorily separated with good resolution and the accuracy range was between 1.05 and 4.06% as relative standard deviation (RSD) by Method D. SPE condition and HPLC condition were further optimized for determination of eight major ginsenosides by the ultrasonic extraction method. Conclusively, ultrasonic extraction of 2 g sample of ginseng using ultrasonic bath and 1 loading for SPE was evaluated as proper condition for extraction of ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

In this study, we optimized the coffee extraction conditions for instant coffee production in two stage percolators, which is the most common coffee extractor for instant coffee production. A central composite design was used to build mathematical model equations for response surface methodology (RSM). In these equations, the yield and overall acceptability of the coffee extracts were expressed as second-order functions of three factors, the feed water temperature, draw-off factor (DOF), and extraction time (cycle time). Based on the result of RSM, the optimum conditions were obtained with the use of desirability function approach (DFA) which find the best compromise area among multiple options. The optimum extraction conditions to maximize the yield and overall acceptability over 40% of yield were found with $163^{\circ}C$ of feed water temperature, 4.3 of DOF and 27 minutes of extraction time (cycle time). These results provide a basic data for the coffee extraction conditions for the competitive instant coffee in the industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.914-919
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• 1998

This work was designed to determine the optimum extraction conditions for imporving the quality of Eucommia ulmoidesl leaf-tea. Soluble solid content was 27.7% in the tea extracted at 99.3$^{\circ}C$(extraction temperature) and 67.8 min(extraction time) which were maximum points by the ridge analysis. The extraction conditions for the maximum organoleptic scores were 72.9$^{\circ}C$ and 59.6 min in color, 80.$0^{\circ}C$ and 90.0 min in aroma, 77.8$^{\circ}C$ and 55.5 min in aftertaste, and 77.9$^{\circ}C$ and 53.1 min in overall palatability. The extraction conditions for the minimum organoleptic scores were 77.8$^{\circ}C$ and 52.7 min in astringent taste, and 75.1$^{\circ}C$ and 49.4 min in Chinese medicine taste. The optimum ranges of the conditions based on soluble solid content and overall palatability of the tea wre 75~83$^{\circ}C$ and 55~65 min. The soluble solid content and overall palatability predicted at ooptimum condition(78$^{\circ}C$ and 60 min) werw similar to experimental values.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2017

This study optimized the extraction of antioxidants from Gugija (Lycium chinensis Mill). To determine operational parameters, including ethanol concentration ($X_1$, 0~80%) and extraction time ($X_2$, 1~5 hr), response surface methodology was applied to monitor yield, anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Coefficients of determinations ($R^2$) of the models were range of 0.8645~0.9859 (p<0.01~0.1) in dependant parameters. Yield of Gugija extracts was maximized 23.12% in extraction conditions of 4.22 h at 8.25% ethanol. Anthocyanins was maximized 1.43 (OD in 530 nm) in extraction conditions of 3.06 h at 79.98% ethanol. Flavonoids was maximized $3,100{\mu}g/100g$ in extraction conditions of 3.37 h at 67.02% ethanol. DPPH radical scavenging activity was maximized 96.93% in extraction conditions of 1.67 h at 69.81% ethanol. Optimum extraction conditions (2.5 h extraction at 70% ethanol) were obtained by superimposing the contour maps with regard to anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity of Gugija. Maximum values of anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity in optimum extraction condition were 1.0080 (OD in 530 nm), $3,145{\mu}g/100g$, 96.96%, respectively. But values of anthocyanins, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity in water extraction condition (1 h at water) were 0.4652 (OD in 530 nm), $1,633{\mu}g/100g$, 86.98%, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.438-443
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• 1991

The operational characteristics of the duoplasmatron ion source are investigated in order to obtain the maximum achievable extraction current of the $He^+$ ion beam with the small divergence. Under the variations of the gas pressure, the arc current, the magnet current and the extraction voltage of the ion source, the change of the extracted $He^+$ ion beam current is observed. An oxide filament, the mixture of BaO and SrO coated on Ni meshes, is used as the hot cathode, and its average lifetime is about 100 hours. The extraction current is linearly proportional to the arc current. As the magnet current of the ion source is increased, the extraction current increases, but the beam divergence becomes larger. The maximum extraction current is obtained at the source pressure of 0.084 Torr. The extraction current is proportional to the extraction voltage raised to the power of 3/2 as estimated from theory. At the extraction voltage of 5.72 kV, the maximum extraction current of 50 $\mu$A is obtained under the optimized extraction condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2008

Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) has five lignans such as schizandrin, gomisin A, gomisin N, gomisin C and schizandrin C. Its major constituent, schizandrin, has a deterrent effect on nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, blood sugar and an ulcer of the stomach. In this study, we have investigated optimized extraction condition to make high functional beverage by quantifying schizandrin and measuring of browning index. Browning index was used as an index of color deterioration of anthocyanin. Browning index was decreased according to increment in extraction temperature and ethanol concentration. The optimum extraction time, extraction temperature and alcohol concentration levels were 3 hrs, $46^{\circ}C$ and 24% alcohol for high schizandrin concentration and desired browing index.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2018

Effective ingredients were extracted using wheat sprout with high levels of flavonoids, and the extraction process was optimized with a central composite design model. The response value of the central composite design model establishes the extraction yield and the content of the flavonoids. The main and interactive effects were then analyzed depending on independent variables such as the extraction time, the volume ratio of alcohol to ultrapure water, and the extraction temperature. The extraction time and temperature were relatively large for the extraction yield. For the total flavonoids, the extraction time was most significantly affected. Considering both the extraction yield and the content of the total flavonoids, optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction time (2.44 h), volume ratio of alcohol to ultrapure water (50.00 vol%), extraction temperature ($54.41^{\circ}C$). Under these condition, the extraction yield was 30.14 wt% and the content of the total flavonoids was $35.37{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$. From the actual experimental result, the extraction yield under this condition was 29.92 wt% and the content of the total flavonoids was $35.32{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$, which had an error rate of 0.39% and 0.74%, respectively. This is a multi-analysis comprehensive analysis that analyzes two simultaneous values of responses, but is considered to be highly accurate and also provides an excellent reliability of the optimization process in this study.