• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

The usage of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been limited due to short supply and high price. Therefore, sufficient production as well as efficient extraction of mountain ginseng are required for the development as products. In this study, wild ginseng adventitious root cultures were prepared for efficient production with advantages of fast growth and stable production. Treatment of methyl jasmonate (MJ) to wild ginseng adventitious root cultures increased the extraction yield and antioxidative activity. Further investigation on effect of extraction conditions suggested the importance of ethanol concentration on antioxidative activity and extraction yield of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures. Optimized extraction condition of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures for maximum extraction yield and antioxidative activity was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Extraction of 1 g MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture with 30 ml of 9% ethanol at $30^{\circ}C$ produced 310.2 mg extract with 71.0% antioxidative activity at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture is valuable source for wild ginseng usage and optimized extraction condition can be used for the development of functional products or folk remedies.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2018

Torilin is a major sesquiterpene of Torilis japonica (Umbelliferae) fruits and known to be a melanogenesis inhibitor. Extraction conditions are important factor for the efficient preparation to save cost and time in economic aspects. For this reason, this study was conducted to optimize the extraction condition for maximal yield of torilin. For optimization, extraction factors such as extraction solvent, extraction temperature and sample/solvent ratio were tested and optimized for maximum yield of torilin using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal condition was obtained as a EtOAc concentration in MeOH of 31.8%, an extraction temperature at $30.3^{\circ}C$ and a sample/solvent ratio, 1000 mg/2 ml. The torilin yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9.9 mg/g dried samples, which were well-matched with the predicted value of 10.4 mg/g dried samples. These results will provide useful information about optimized extraction conditions for the development of torilin as cosmetic therapeutics to reduce skin hyperpigmentation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2022

Salidroside is a major phenolic glycoside of Acer tegmentosum (Aceraceae) and known to be a hepatoprotective compound. Extraction conditions are one of the most important factors to save time and cost from an economic point of view. For this reason, this study was conducted to optimize the extraction condition for maximum yield of salidroside. For optimization, three extraction factors such as ethanol concentration (%), extraction temperature (℃), and solvent to material ratio (mg/mL) were tested and optimized for maximum yield of salidroside using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal condition was obtained as an ethanol concentration of 53.4%, an extraction temperature at 67.11℃ and a solvent to material ratio (mg/mL), 195.55 mg/ml. The salidroside yield under optimal conditions was found to be 1.59 mg/g dried samples, which were well-matched with the predicted value of 1.56 mg/g dried samples. These results will provide useful information about optimized extraction conditions for the development of salidroside as hepatoprotective therapeutics.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2015

Hesperidin, which is the most abundant flavonoid of Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae), has been reported to possess diverse activities and widely used as functional foods and cosmetics. For the development of functional products, extraction procedure is indispensable. Extraction conditions affect the composition of extract as well as its biological activity. Therefore, we tried to optimize extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, extraction time and extraction temperature for maximum yield of hesperidin using response surface methodology with threelevel-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data and the optimal condition was obtained as ethanol concentration, 59.0%; temperature $71.5^{\circ}C$ and extraction time, 12.4 h. The hesperidin yield under the optimal condition was found to be $287.8{\mu}g$ per 5 mg extract, which was well matched with the predicted value of 290.5 μg. These results provides optimized extraction condition for hesperidin and might be useful for the development of hesperidin as functional products like health supplements, cosmetics and medicinal products.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2021

Cordycepin is a characteristic bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris with various beneficial effects. Cordyceps grows on both grains and insects, and the content of cordycepin varies depending on the cultivation conditions. In this study, the effect of culture conditions on the cordycepin content was analyzed and the extraction conditions were optimized. Analysis of cordycepin content in Pupae-Cordyceps found that it was highly affected by temperature in culture conditions. In the case of mycelium, it grows well at 20 and 25 ℃, but not at 30 ℃. However, the content of cordycepin was highest at 30℃ and less at 20 ℃. The fruiting body also showed a similar tendency: growth was 20 ℃ > 25 ℃ > 30 ℃, but the cordycepin content was 30 ℃ > 25 ℃ > 20 ℃. The content of cordycepin decreased after the fruiting bodies were produced. Next, extraction conditions such as solvent and time were optimized for maximum cordycepin content using response surface methodology (RSM). There was a large difference in the content of cordycepin according to the content of ethanol and the extraction temperature. Through RSM, it was confirmed that the optimum condition for extraction of cordycepin was 48.9 ℃ using 49.0% ethanol, and 160.9 mg/g extract could be obtained under this condition. In conclusion, this study suggested the optimized conditions for the cultivation and extraction of Pupae-Cordyceps for maximizing the content of cordycepin, and this may be applied to the discovery of materials using cordycepin.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.636-647
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• 2016

Magnetite nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$ NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitating method under optimized condition. The $Fe_3O_4$ NPs coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate-thenoyltrifluoroacetone ($Fe_3O_4$ NPs-SDS-TTFA) were then exerted as the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent for the extraction process prior to introducing to a flame atomic adsorption spectrometry (FAAS). The synthesized $Fe_3O_4$ NPs-SDS-TTFA were applied for the extraction of Pb(II) ions from different water samples. The characterization studies of nanoparticles were performed via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive micro-analysis (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The substantial parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were surveyed and optimized. A dynamic linear range (DLR) of $10-400{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ was obtained and the limit of detection (LOD, n=7) and relative standard deviation (RSD%, n= 6, $C=20{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) were found to be $2.3{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and 1.9%, respectively. According to the results, the proposed method successfully applied for the extraction of Pb(II) ions from different environmental water samples and satisfactory results achieved.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2013

A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was established for quantitative evaluation of nine constituents of Fraxinus rhynchophylla such as four coumarins, esculin (1), fraxin (2), esculetin (3), fraxetin (4), three lignans, syringaresinol 4,4'-O-${\beta}$-diglucoside (5), pinoresinol 4-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (6), pinoresinol (9), one secoiridoid, oleuropein (7), and one coumarinolignan, cleomiscosin C (8). The preferred chromatographic condition was obtained on Phenomenex Gemini-NX (3 ${\mu}m$, C18 110A, $150{\times}4.60$ mm) and the mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile using a gradient elution. The wavelength was set at 220 nm. Extraction condition of these constituents in F. rhynchophylla was also optimized through extraction time, extraction solvent and extraction method using established method. From this study, extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ with the mixture of ethanol and water for more than 12 h was suggested to be good extraction condition for these constituents. Quantitation of nine constituents in different F. rhynchophylla samples was also successfully accomplished with the newly established method.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2019

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is commonly called lotus and its leaves are widely been used as functional ingredients due to its antioxidant activity. For maximum efficacy, optimized extraction condition was established using response surface methodology. The high F-values, low p-values and insignificant p-value for lack-of-fit supported the fitness of the model and yielded the second-order polynomial regression for the antioxidant activity. The optimized extract was obtained by the extraction of 1 g of lotus leaves with 40 mL of 50% MeOH at $10.0^{\circ}C$, which exerted 70.1% antioxidant activity. Close correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity suggested phenolic compounds as active constituents of lotus leaves. In addition, comparison of different parts of lotus demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity of flowers, followed by leaves and roots. Taken together, these results provide useful information about lotus leaves for the development as antioxidant ingredients. In addition, flowers and roots as well as leaves are suggested as good sources for antioxidant activity.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1699-1708
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• 2021

고품질의 아가콩 음료개발을 위해 반응표면분석법에 의한 추출조건을 최적화 하였다. 아가콩의 최적 볶음조건은 250 ℃, 30분으로 설정하였다. 추출시간, 추출온도에 따른 아가콩의 품질지표인 pH, 색도 및 이소플라본 함량은 1% 이내에서의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추출온도와 추출시간이 길어질수록 이소플라본 함량은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반응표면분석의 이소플라본 추출 공정 최적화 결과 추출온도는 99.5 ℃, 추출시간은 1.7 h으로 나타났으며, 이 조건에서 이소플라본의 최적 수율은 10.63 ㎍/mL로 예측되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.256-260
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 알칼리 사용에 따른 갈변을 최소화하고 영양적으로 우수한 천마 단백질을 보다 효율적으로 추출하기 위하여 용출 및 침전 pH에 따른 단백질의 갈변도와 함량을 측정함으로써 탈지 천마 단백질 알칼리 추출의 최적 pH 조건을 설정하고자 하였다. 천마의 수분은 약 15%로 측정되었으며, 대부분 탄수화물로 구성되어 있었고, 단백질의 함량이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 단백질을 다양한 pH에서 용출시킨 결과 pH가 증가함에 따라 용출된 단백질의 양이 증가하였으며, 갈변도 또한 증가함을 보였다. 침전 pH에 따른 단백질 함량은 pH 4에서 침전된 pellet이 가장 많은 함량을 나타내었으며, 상등액의 단백질 함량 또한 대부분 pH 4로 침전시킨 경우 가장 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 뿐만 아니라 단백질의 회수율도 침전 pH가 4일 때 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 갈변도와 단백질 함량을 고려한 탈지 천마 단백질 추출을 위한 최적조건은 용출 pH 9와 침전 pH 4로 결정되었다.