• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

This study was designed to optimize ethanol extraction process of unfertilized corn silk (UCS) to maximize phytochemical contents and bioactivities. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The influence of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities and tyrosinase inhibition were analyzed. For all dependable variables, the most significant factor was ethanol concentration followed by extraction temperature and extraction time. The following optimum conditions were determined by simultaneous optimization of several responses with the Derringer's desirability function using the numerical optimization function of the Design-Expert program: ethanol concentration 80.45%, extraction temperature $53.49^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 4.95 h. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition were $2758.74{\mu}g\;GAE/g$ dried sample, $1520.81{\mu}g\;QUE/g$ dried sample, 810.26 mg/100g dried sample, 56.86% and 43.49%, respectively, and the overall desirability (D) was 0.74.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal condition for macerating enzymatic extraction process that leads to the highest yield and the largest extracted amount of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit. The optimal extraction conditions were found as the following: The initial amount of the water added to the fruit was 20 ~ 30% by weight. The mixing ratio used for the macerating enzyme was 4 : 1 : 2 (w : w : w) for cellulase:pectinase:amylogucosidase, and the amount of the macerating enzyme added was 2% by weight. The extraction process was done at a temperature of $45{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. The extraction yields on Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit by macerating enzymatic extraction process was increased by 84.3% compared to that of hot-water extraction process. The amounts of organic acids and vitamin found in the extract were also higher. The amount of polyphenol and anthocyanin contents in the extract were 185% and 257% of those from hot-water extraction, respectively. These results suggest that macerating enzymatic extraction is an effective method to boost extraction yield and to increase the amount of extraction of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

Objectives: This study compared Gumiganghwal-tang (GGT) decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times to determine the optimal extraction conditions through hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total soluble solids content (TSSC), extraction yield, and content of chemical compounds. Methods: Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of 0 or $1kgf/cm^2$ for 30-180 min. The pH and TSSC were measured, the extraction yield was calculated, and the amounts of the chemical compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The higher pressure and longer extraction time decreased the pH value, while those conditions increased TSSC and extraction yield: the decoction produced in 180 min by pressurized method showed the minimum value of pH, but maximum values of TSSC and extraction yield. The chemical compounds showed higher amounts in decoctions produced by non-pressurized methods than pressurized methods and their amounts were decreased over the peak extraction time in both pressurized and non-pressurized methods. The results of regression analysis confirmed the correlative influences of the pressure and extraction time on pH, TSSC, and extraction yield. Conclusions: This study suggests that pressure and extraction time influence the compositional constituents in GGT decoctions, and the non-pressurized method for 120 min should be chosen as the optimal extraction condition for the preparation of GGT decoction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.574-580
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• 2003

만가닥 버섯 추출물의 수율 및 전자공여작용, 총폴리페놀 함량, tyrosinase 저해작용, 갈색도, 아질산염 소거작용에 대하여 반응표면분석에 의해 추출조건을 최적화하였다. 만가닥 버섯의 경우 수율은 에탄올 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 받았으며, 전자공여작용의 경우 에탄올 농도가 높고 microwave power가 높은 조건에서 높은 추출률을 나타내었다. 갈변도 및 tyrosinase 저해작용의 경우 에탄을 농도가 증가할수록 microwave power가 증가할수록 더욱 크게 나타났다. 아질산염 소거 작용의 경우 에탄을 농도와 추출시간의 조건에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 판단되었으며 총 폴리페놀 함량은 에탄을 농도가 증가할수록 증가폭이 크고, microwave power가 증가할수록 추출물의 생리활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 만가닥버섯의 최적 추출조건 범위는 microwave power 60.15~102.75 watt, ethanol 농도 53.20~64.01%, 추출시간 7.77분으로 예측되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2020

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed to extract ascorbic acid from rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) fruit. The optimal conditions were investigated by response surface methodology, using two variable including reaction time (16-44 min) and temperature (16-44℃). The ascorbic acid extraction was sensitive to the reaction time rather than the reaction temperature, and the optimal conditions for ascorbic acid extraction were 25℃ and 30 min. Ascorbic acid and gallic acid in the rugosa rose fruit extract were completely separated by HPLC, with a resolution factor of over 1.5 between the two. The correlation coefficient of the ascorbic acid was 0.999 in a linearity test for 50-150 ㎍/mL concentration of extract. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.16 ㎍/mL and 29.89 ㎍/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for repeatability and reproducibility were determined, and each RSD showed good precision at less than 5% (N=6).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1969

This study wa attempted to extract the Potash-Ammonia Fertilyzer in most satisfactory yield from the Uncalcinecl Domestic Alunite ore applying an optimal reaction conditions (Ammonia water concentration and applicable reaction pressure, etc.), it was found that almost all amount of $K_2SO_4$ was extracted in the forms of $K_2SO_4·(NH_4)_2SO_4$mixture under such conditions. The experimental data to note are as follows: 1. The optimal pressure applied to the reaction was 600 to 700 Psig. 2. The optimal concentration of Ammonia water was 7 Mol/L. 3. The reaction time needed was 3 hours. 4. The extraction rate and degree were not at variance with sorts and occurrences of Alunite ore.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2014

본 연구는 인진쑥의 광범위한 약리작용과 다양한 생리활성을 이용한 식품소재로서의 개발을 위하여 반응표면분석법에 의한 인진쑥 유효성분의 에탄올 추출특성을 모니터링 하여 최적의 추출조건을 예측하였다. 에탄올을 이용한 추출공정에서 중요변수로 추출온도($X_1$; 60, 70, 80, 90 및 $100^{\circ}C$), 추출시간($X_2$; 1, 2, 3, 4 및 5 hr) 및 에탄올 농도($X_3$; 0, 20, 40, 60 및 80%)를 각각 독립변수로 설정하였고 추출물의 품질특성 즉 가용성 고형분 함량($Y_1$), chlorogenic acid($Y_2$) 및 coumaric acid($Y_3$) 등을 종속변수로 하여 반응표면 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 고형분 함량에 대한 예측된 최적조건은 추출온도 $87.65^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.19시간, 에탄올 농도 42.40%이었고 chlorogenic acid는 추출온도 $84.30^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.14시간, 에탄올 농도 47.85%이었으며 coumaric acid는 추출온도 $83.45^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.40시간 및 에탄올 농도 45.39%로 나타났다. 각 변수에 대한 회귀식을 도출하여 인진쑥 추출물의 각 유효성분들에 대한 최적 추출조건을 superimposing 한 결과, 추출온도 $85{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3~4시간 및 에탄올 농도 40~50%로 예측되었다. 이때 각 성분의 함량은 가용성 고형분 함량 1.09%, chlorogenic acid 25.66 mg%, coumaric acid 20.25 mg%이었다.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

영국의 고원지대 (Moorland)의 이탄토양 (blanket bog peat soil에 서식하는 애지렁이 정량조사를 위한 수분갈때기추출법의 효율에 미치는 수온, 물의 량, 추출시간의 복합적인 효과를 조사하였다. 이탄 토양에서 애지렁이 추출을 위한 최적조건은 물의 양과 초기 수온에 관계없이 표면수의 최종 온도는 35$^{\circ}C$이고, 추출시간은 6시간이었다. O'Connor의 방법 (최종 온도 40-45$^{\circ}C$,열의 점진적인 증가, 3시간 추출)은 비교적 늪은 온도와 짧은 추출시간으로 인해, 추출효율에 변이가 심하였다. 열을 가하지 않고 장시간 추출하는 방식은 열을 가하는 방식에 비해 추출효율이 현저히 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2020

The use of polyphenol extracts from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) bark as raw materials for bio-foams was investigated along with the optimal NaOH extraction conditions. The targeted yield of alkaline extracts was 60%, and the targeted pH was 11 to 12. The radiata pine bark was composed of 70% of a 1% NaOH extract, which contained mainly polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidin (PA). As the particle size of the bark decreased, the yield of the 1% NaOH extracts increased from 57 to 87%. A range of NaOH concentrations, liquor ratios, and extraction times were explored to establish an economic polyphenol extraction method. More than 60% of the alkaline extract was extracted, and the pH of the extract was approximately 12 when the optimum extraction conditions were employed, i.e., a liquor to bark ratio of 5:1, a NaOH dosage of 17 to 18% based on the bark weight, and a 1 h extraction time. Following neutralization of the alkaline extract, structural analysis indicated severe structural changes in the PA during the alkaline extraction. Because the alkaline extract was barely soluble in the solvent used for the structural analyses, it is assumed that chemical modification is required to increase the solubility of the alkaline extract for the production of bio-foams.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.277-292
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• 2015

The extraction of lactic acid by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), in batch and continuous mode, has been reported. On the basis of preliminary experiments, the optimum composition of the organic phase (membrane) is determined. When the SPan 80 is used as surfactant, the emulsion breakage exceeds 50%, but only 10% is obtained when the ECA4360 is used. The effects of surfactant, carrier and solute concentrations, phase volume ratio, and stirring speed on the extraction yield were examined and optimized. Surfactant, carrier and diluent used were ECA4360, trilaurylamine (TLA) and dodecane, respectively; 2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol (EHD) is used as a co-surfactant. Under optimal conditions, emulsion breaking is very low and the swelling is kept at its lowest level. Under the pH conditions of fermentation medium, the extraction yield is lower. A mixer-settler continuous system was used for testing these conditions. The residence time, the number of extraction stages and the stability of the emulsion were studied and optimized. The extraction yield obtained exceeds 90%.