• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 1996

This study was performed to observe the bacterial adhesion and penetration to e-PTFE membrane following guided tissue regeneration(GTR) procedure and to evaluate the association of the membrane exposure and bacterial contamination with the clinical outcome. For the study, ten infrabony defects in 9 patient were treated by mucoperiosteal flap operation including placement of the e-PTFE membrane. The treated teeth were monitored weekly for the membrane exposure, gingival recession and gingival inflammation. The membranes were retrieved after 4 to 6 weeks, examined by SEM for bacterial contamination and adherent connective tisue elements, and observed under LM for the bacterial penetration into membrane. Three months postsurgery, the defect sites were clinically reexamined for the changes in attachment level and probing depth. Comparison of the ultrastuctural findings and clinical outcome revealed that extent of membrane exposure and bacterial contamination of the membrane was inversely associated with clinical attachment gain. From this finding, the extent of membrane exposure and the bacterial contamination on the apical portion of the e-PTFE membrane at the time of removal seemed to be a critical determinant on the clinical outcome of GTR and the membrane exposure needs to be controlled for optimal results.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.455-459
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• 2014

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein requirement of young far eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Five isocaloric diets were formulated to contain graded levels of protein (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55%). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 44 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 9-weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed 55% protein diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed 35 and 40% protein diets, but not significantly different from those of fish fed 45 and 50% protein diets. The feed efficiency of fish fed 50 and 55% protein diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed 35, 40 and 45% protein diets. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed 40% protein diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed 45, 50 and 55% protein diets, but not significantly different from that of fish fed 35% protein diet. The dietary protein level significantly affected whole body lipid and moisture contents. The results of this study suggest that the 45% protein in the diet is optimal for maximum growth of young far eastern catfish weighing in the range of 44 to 227 g.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.756-761
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• 2017

This study investigated the growth of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, reared at high water temperatures. Feed-trained juvenile fish were reared at four water temperatures: 27, 29, 31, and $33^{\circ}C$. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily using pelleted diet. After 10 weeks of feeding trial, the survival exceeded 98% in all groups. The weight gain of fish reared at $31^{\circ}C$ was higher than for fish reared at the other temperatures. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish reared at 29 and $31^{\circ}C$ were higher than for the fish reared at 27 and $33^{\circ}C$. The daily feed intake of fish reared at 27 and $33^{\circ}C$ was higher than for the 29 and $31^{\circ}C$ groups. The whole body moisture content of fish reared at $33^{\circ}C$ was higher than in the $27^{\circ}C$ group. The whole body crude protein and lipid contents of fish reared at $27^{\circ}C$ were higher than in the $33^{\circ}C$ group. The results indicate that suitable rearing water temperature was $31^{\circ}C$ for optimal growth and feed efficiency of juvenile mandarin fish under the experimental conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1304-1308
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• 2000

A total of thirty-six gilts $(24.78{\pm}1.39kg)$ were employed for 38 days (Exp. 1), and twenty-four gilts $(46.50{\pm}1.90kg)$ for 43 days (Exp. 2) to determine growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs fed dried food waste (DFW). Pigs were allocated by dietary treatments: 0%, 20% and 40% DFW. For nutrient digestibility, twelve female pigs $(50.20{\pm}0.52kg)$ were used in individual pens to collect feces. Food wastes were collected from restaurants and apartment complex areas and dried in a drum-type dryer at $115{\pm}2{^{\circ}C}$. Experimental diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,400 kcal DE/kg and 17% crude protein. The tested DFW contained 2,858 kcal DE/kg, 25.0% crude protein, 17.3% crude fat, 1.37% Ca, 1.28% P, and 3.28% NaCl. As compared to crude protein content, the limiting amino acids (i.e., 0.90% lysine and 0.52% methionine) were low. The digestibilities of energy, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the DFW were generally lower than those in the grower diets, but the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat were higher in DFW than the grower diet. Feeding DFW in pigs had a linear (p<0.01) effect on ADG and feed/gain as the inclusion levels of DFW were increased (Exp. 1). The ADG of pigs fed 40% DFW was also poorer (p<0.05) than that fed the control diet (Exp. 2). Carcass characteristics in terms of backfat and dressing percentage were not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, it seems that the optimal dietary inclusion level of the DFW is about 20% in the diet for growing-finishing pigs.

• 복식
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.103-121
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• 2002

This study intended to analyze the transition of design of Korean soccer player's uniform according to development of the society and changes in formative elements, and examine features inside them by considering designs of soccer player's uniform by ages ranging from the introduction of soccer up to now. Results of the study are summed up below. First, as a result of analyzing designs of soccer player's uniforms from 1920 to 2002 Korea-Japan WorldCup based on formative elements of the style of dress. \circled1 it is shown that basic shape has been kept but changes in only color. cutting, trimming, logo and symbol have existed. \circled2 Colors of the uniforms have been different according to ages but red, blue and white colors have been used most and sometimes black was employed. so it is known that colors in the Korean national emblem have been all used. \circled3 In the beginning of the uniform there was a limitation in its design due to absence of functional materials but now highly-sensitive textile products and highly-functional textile materials guaranteeing optimal condition and highest activity of a soccer player have been utilized in various ways. \circled4 It is known that symbols modelling the image of Korea have been used in diverse ways but effected much by directions toward images pursued by designers of sponsors. Second, the meanings represented by designs of the uniforms are classified into a degree of symbolizing Korea, tradition, superiority and dynamics. That is to say, \circled1as colors and symbols coming from the emblem have been used in the uniforms. they have symbolized one nation and possessed the meaning representing even Korean national spirit. \circled2As traditional colouring and symbols have been used in the uniforms, they have shown the Korean sense of a beauty. \circled3 Colors, tones and designs overwhelming the mood of play have been used in the uniforms, so that they have played a role in making players of other team flinch mentally and making Korean players gain an advantage over them. \circled4 Thanks to strong symbols or comparative effects of colors. they have shown the dynamics representing power and energy.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2016

Usually, the output characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array are significantly affected by non-uniform irradiance which is caused by ambient obstacles, clouds, orientations, tilts, etc. Some local maximum power points (LMPP) in the current-voltage (I-V) curves of a PV array can result in power losses of the array. However, the output power at the global maximum power point (GMPP) is different in different interconnection schemes in a PV array. Therefore, based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation of different topological structures of a PV array, this paper investigated the output characteristics of dual series PV arrays with different interconnections. The proposed mathematical models were also validated by experimental results. Finally, this paper also concluded that in terms of performance, the total cross tied (TCT) interconnection was not always the optimal structure, especially in a dual series PV array. When one of the PV modules was severely mismatched, the TCT worked worse than the series parallel (SP) structure. This research can provide guidance for switching the interconnection to gain the greatest energy yield in a changeable- structure PV system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권2A호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2004

본 논문은 CDMA2000 1X 신호 환경에서 동작하는 스마트 안테나 기지국의 각 안테나 소자에서 수신된 독립적인 신호를 이용하여 다이버시티 이득을 얻는 액세스 채널 복조기를 구현하고 구현된 복조기의 성능을 분석한다. 제안된 액세스 채널 복조기는 4개의 핑거를 지원하는 탐색기와 왈쉬 복조기 그리고 복조 제어기로 구성되고, 이들은 Alters사의 백만 게이트급 FPGA인 APEX EP20K1000EBC652와 TI사의 TMS320C6203으로 구현되었다. 제안된 액세스채널 복조기는 스마트 안테나 기지국이 최적의 웨이트 벡터를 얻을 수 없는 액세스 상태에서 데이터 복조 성능을 증가시키는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 실증시험을 통해서 위상 다이버시티 기법이 적용된 액세스채널 복조기의 성능이 기존의 액세스채널 복조기보다 우수함을 액세스 프로브 검출 확률, 액세스 실패 확률, 왈쉬 복조기에서의 $E_{b/}$ $N_{o}$ 항목에서 확인하였다.다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권2호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2014

현재의 통신 및 네트워크 환경은 기존의 유선 인터넷에서 무선 및 모바일 기반으로 빠르게 움직이고 있으며 환경의 변화는 비즈니스 방법에도 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 많은 기업들은 제품의 경쟁력확보를 위해 모바일 비즈니스 도입을 적극 추진하고 있으며, 효율적이고 안정적인 모바일 솔루션을 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 최적의 모바일 컴퓨팅환경을 구축할 수 있는 방법과 기존의 업무프로세스 및 방대한 양의 데이터베이스를 어떻게 활용할 것인가에 대한 방안이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 유선 상에서 운용되는 다양한 전산자원을 무선 LAN과 이동전화망, 모바일 디바이스로 연동할 수 있는 모바일 비즈니스 구축 지원 도구인 모바일 미들웨어 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. 이를 위해 일반기업에서 구축된 기간업무를 쉽고, 빠르게 모바일 환경으로 확장 시키는 강력한 무선 데이터 접근 도구를 제공한다. 제안 솔루션을 산업 현장에 적용 시 기존의 비즈니스 로직 및 자원의 변경 없이 경제적으로 레거시 업무 프로세스를 모바일 환경으로 변환 할 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2013

최대함수율 660%, 전건비중 0.15의 소나무를 대상으로 처리조건에 따른 PEG 침투상태를 알아보고자 하였다. PEG 용매, 함침농도, 함침기간, 함침온도에 따른 중량변화율을 구하고 SEM을 이용하여 목재 세포 내부의 PEG 침투상태를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 PEG의 침투에 용매는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 함침농도는 고농도에서 중량증가율이 높았고, 함침기간은 20일에서 가장 큰 중량증가율을 보였으며, 함침온도에 따른 차이는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이를 토대로 PEG를 이용한 최대함수율 660%의 소형 수침고목재의 처리 시 20일 정도의 함침기간으로 충분한 PEG 침투효과를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2004

One hundred and twenty crossbred pigs [(Duroc$\times$Yorkshire)$\times$Landrace] were used to determine the effects of plant extract (PE) supplementation on performance and blood characteristics in weaned pigs fed a corn-dried whey-SBM based diet. Treatments were 1) NC (antibiotic free basal diet), 2) PC (NC diet+100 ppm apramycin and 100 ppm oxytetracycline), 3) PE 0.1 (NC diet+0.1% plant extract), 4) PE 0.2 (NC diet+0.2% plant extract) and 5) PE+AB (PC diet+0.1% plant extract). Through the entire experimental period, ADG of pigs fed PC (300 vs. 281 g/d), PE 0.2 (310 vs. 281 g/d) and PE+AB (306 vs. 281 g/d) diets was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). However, no differences were found among the treatments for ADFI and gain/feed. At day 2 after the onset of the experiment, fecal consistency score of pigs fed PC, PE 0.1, PE 0.2 and PE+AB diets was lower than that of pigs fed NC diet. There were no significant differences in red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes concentrations of blood among the treatments. In conclusion, PE can be used to replace antibiotics in diets for weaned pigs without negative affects on performance. Optimal PE levels seemed to be 0.2% and the results obtained point out to a synergic effect of the combination of PE and antibiotic on performance in weaned pigs.