• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Existing research for store has been localized in that of Seoul area, and research for the Japanese style store built under the rule of Japanese Imperialism has not been done properly owing to national sentiment. This research established Naju that inland pillage is available along Yeongsan River after opening of Mokpo harbor. I will compare modernization developmental process of building of Korean style store with that of Japanese Style store, so obviously try to make clear the activities of modernization by linking social and economical change with Joseon merchants' life. I will try to light up the position of korean style store in Naju area in history of architecture by analyzing two styles of stores into urban architectural element, putting process of change in order and translating it according to flow of age. The development process of Korean restaurant stores and that of Japanese counterparts are rather relative. Whereas Japanese accumulated wealth through oppression and exploitation of the people of Joseon the former dynasty of present day Korea, the people of Joseon could not but be oppressed and depressed. On the other hand, while the dynamic liberation movements of Joseon merchants managed to develop based on the vitality that was growing ever more, Japanese chose to back down to some degree by exercising appeasing policy. The efforts to take initiative by shattering off the submissive attitude can be found from the ability fostering movement, Gwangju students campaign and new construction or remodeling of hanok the traditional Korean house as commercial building in the 1920s. The changing phase of the people breaking away from subjugated relation to subjective attitude can be found in the commercial districts.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-82
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• 2011

Based on travel literatures written by the Joseon literati, the different picture of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Buseok monastery from the one today emerges. Not only do the buildings removed from the monastery today reappear, but the quite different way of the monastic operation comes to light. This observation leads to a speculation that the monastery was functionally and spatially divided into two territories; that of the Immeasurable life hall and of the Dharma hall. The Immeasurable life hall's precinct was built at the site open to the west providing a grand vista of mountainous area. This siting, originally having a close relation with the visualization such as the Sixteen contemplation, not simply gave such a special attraction that the first built architectural composition has lasted through the centuries to the late Joseon, but also granted to the Chwiweon pavilion located at the western side of the precinct a special meditative quality. As the monastery has suffered from a number of heavy duties in the Joseon period, the architectural attraction of the precinct was mobilized to promote the monastic identity as the legitimate monastery first built by Uisang, the founder of Hwaeom Buddhsim. Especially, the Chwiweon pavilion offered a mental space so that the literati might form an affirmative attitude toward the monastery and the monks. The Dharma hall's precinct was built based on the direct replication of the architectural layout presented in liturgy books for the Water and Land rite as well as the Vulture Peak rite. This layout is generally called the Court-type enclosed by four buildings, which has been widely fashioned in the late Joseon period. This characteristic gave to the Dharma hall precinct an arbitrary and anonymous quality, which helped not only avoid the tourism of the literati, but also secure the sacrality and ritual efficacy at occasions of Buddhist rites. This division of territories of the monastery can be understood as the strategic reaction from the monks in order to survive in the age of oppression against Buddhism. In result, the identity of Buseok monastery in the late Joseon was established as the Nine-rank sanctuary where Bodhisattvas permanently resided.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to bring light on the characteristics of the transition in the Ddeulzip. The subject of this study is clan village of Pungsan Kim's family in Andong Cultural Area. Architectural transition of Ddeulzip is analyzed into three part. The first part is settlement of family. In this process, there is a background and many types of settlement. The second part is the extension of family. The extensional types are 'near-by branch' and 'far-away branch'. The last part is variation of housing. Spacial requests of residence are changed endlessly. Thus the spacial types of Ddeulzip are changed by the construction time of building. In many case, we couldn't decide the building period. The genealogy of Chosun Dynasty is the base of family history. In this study, the construction activity of Ddeulzip is based on the genealogy. The phylogenetic tree of Ddeulzip in clan village is constructed by the genealogy. The figures of the type of bunch of grapes is made by phylogenetic tree based on the genealogy. Omi Village in Andong was settled at first in the 15C. The cause of settlement is the aim of escape from political oppression. For long time, Omi Village is developed gradually. There area is divided in some small family boundary. There spacial types are contained the characteristics of many times. Orock Village in Bonghwa is settled for search of best environment in the last of 17C. At that time, a lot of families of same clan are gathered in that village. For short time, Orock Village is enlarged quickly. Thus there spacial type is similar each other. But boundary of entire space of outdoor is constructed clearly by pavilion area, housing area and sanctuary area.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

It analyzes the expressive characteristics of the third wave feminism revealed in the fashion photographs and examines the feminine image affected by the third wave feminism. For the research purposes, both literature review and case study were conducted together. Through the analysis on the expressive characteristics of the fashion photographs based on the characteristics of the third wave feminism, the followings are definitions of the feminine image affected by the third wave feminism. First, as the 'Female image with sexual freedom', it escapes from the passive viewpoint and expresses liberation and rights of women as the subject of the power rather than subordination using sexuality of women actively. Second, as the 'Female image with multiple aspects', it pursues an independent and strong image, challenges and threatens the man power. Third, as the 'Multicultural female image', it reduces a gap among colored races and many other cultures, seeks after rights and freedom independently escaping from the dual oppression, Fourth, as the 'Queer female image', it disorganizes dichotomous gender identity actively and pursues diverse gender identities. So, it shows that the third wave feminism expressed by the various media cultures influences the feminine image in a society at large creating a new image of a woman through exchanging and communicating with its recipients.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 2016

This paper examines the transition of the Hungarian men's costume. Transition of the Hungarian men's costume can be divided into pre-eighteenth century, eighteenth century, and since the nineteenth century. Hungarian costume was derived from the Magyar who settled in Hungary in the ninth century. Hungry had begun to accept Western culture in the tenth century, so when the prototype of Hungarian costume was completed, it consisted of Dolman, Mente, pants, and boots combining traditional Magyar style with Western European style. In particular, Dolman shows the uniqueness of the Hungarian men's costume; it has a high, stand-up collar in the back center, closes on the left, has a right front plate with a diagonal cut at the waist, and a wide front closure. In the eighteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes played an important role in displaying national pride while living under the oppression of the Habsburg Empire. In particular, Dolman was worn as a uniform at the battle of independence (1703~1710). This dress of male courtiers became the distinctive style of the eighteenth century and then became the basic style of men's costumes. Since the nineteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes have acted as an means to promote the national consciousness of Hungary through the Citizen Revolution (1848), the War of Independence (1849), and the formation of the Dual Empire (1867). Looking at evolution of the Hungarian men's dress style, it reveals that resistance and struggles against other nations, a history of aggression, and living under oppressed are factors that impact on important clothing transitions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.374-387
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• 2014

Since the sexual violence crime has a high probability of repeated crime, the electronic monitoring system has been introduced as a measure to it. And this system allows the police to know the location of former criminal around the clock through the electronic device, the former criminal has the psychological/mental oppression which can restrain the intention of crime to a degree. However, there is a limit in blocking criminals with strong will from repeated crime. The next-generation intelligent electronic anklet currently under study collects and analyzes the change bio-data in real time through the location information of electronic monitoring target and attached sensor. This study is aimed to predict the symptom of crime occurrence in advance based on this and block the crime intention in advance or stop the ongoing crime before it is expanded.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Hijab as a symbol of women's oppression due to the opening and reform of Islamic State group, is becoming more diverse as younger generation begins to dress more freely than ever before, spreading the perception that it is a fashion item. In response, this research conducted a theoretical review about the history of hijab, various forms of hijab, and characteristics of hijab using relevant literature, media reports, and fashion media articles. As an empirical study, image-oriented photo data shared by Tehran Street Fashion from 2015 to November 2019 were analyzed separately by fashion majors into color, pattern, and hijab-making forms. According to the analysis, six different fashion images were categorized as romantic feminine, modern chic, natural elegant, classic formal, sporty casual and gorgeous ethnic. For Muslim women in the past, hijab was worn as a repressive and closed sense by the religious system. However, in modern times, it is a way to express one's style and ideas as a fashion item. It is also and a means to express one's thoughts and beliefs. Through aesthetic consideration of Hijab as a fashion item, it was found that it was a medium for freedom of expression and a medium for beauty and individuality.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.83-106
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• 2008

The Purpose of this study is to explore if people with intellectual disabilities can play a role as 'meaningful informants' in research process in Korea, by challenging the existing paradigm which consists of suspicion on the communication ability of people with intellectual disabilities and truthlessness of their statements, which results in ignorance on the covered life of people with intellectual disabilities. In this research, lessons which could learn through reinterpretation of my research experience are as follows. Firstly, the deficits of communication ability can be supplemented with restructuring interview instruments such as research questions, visual aids etc and adopting conversation analysis methods. Secondly, Suspicion on the truthlessness of their statements can be restructured by epistemological and methodological reinterpretation on the representation of social reality. Thirdly, the mechanism of exclusion and oppression according to the ignorance can be substituted by 'uncovering the life of people with intellectual disabilities', which can be basis of reconstructing the contents of programmes in the disability service centers and disability policies in the government. With these research results it could be argued that there needs to include people with intellectual disabilities as meaningful informants in the research projects funded by the government and also to provide people with intellectual disabilities with diverse roles in the research process by virtue of the development of qualitative research methods in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.736-747
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore public opinion on workplace bullying in the nursing field, by analyzing the keywords and topics of online news comments. Methods: This was a text-mining study that collected, processed, and analyzed text data. A total of 89,951 comments on 650 online news articles, reported between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2018, were collected via web crawling. The collected unstructured text data were preprocessed and keyword analysis and topic modeling were performed using R programming. Results: The 10 most important keywords were "work" (37121.7), "hospital" (25286.0), "patients" (24600.8), "woman" (24015.6), "physician" (20840.6), "trouble" (18539.4), "time" (17896.3), "money" (16379.9), "new nurses" (14056.8), and "salary" (13084.1). The 22,572 preprocessed key words were categorized into four topics: "poor working environment", "culture among women", "unfair oppression", and "society-level solutions". Conclusion: Public interest in workplace bullying among nurses has continued to increase. The public agreed that negative work environment and nursing shortage could cause workplace bullying. They also considered nurse bullying as a problem that should be resolved at a societal level. It is necessary to conduct further research through gender discrimination perspectives on nurse workplace bullying and the social value of nursing work.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.573-590
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop contemporary Qipao design that emphasized creative feminine beauty with a unique sense beyond the concept of traditional Qipao design. This would be achieved using the expressive technique of human liberation from the oppression of the unconscious world a supported by surrealism. Using existing literature and previous research, surrealist expression technique used in fashion were investigated and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the possibility of new and original design beyond existing surrealistic Qipao design was demonstrated through various realistic surrealism expression techniques, such as dépaysement, objet, and trompe-l'œil techniques. This occurred by exploring various unconscious world out of fixed ideas and through expression techniques of surrealistic fashion such as imagery of body parts, metaphorical expression of objects, and position deformation and illusion. Second, Qipao design that combined objet and attempted ordinary escape by combining isolated body parts (such as hands, eyes, and lips) within the composition combine with surrealistic expression enabled various and fun surrealistic fashion designs to emerge. Third, the metaphor of surreal lips and eyes (mainly used in works of this study) presented a unique and extraordinary combination of images in accessories and partial design that used the dépaysement technique. Thus, it was possible to expand surrealistic expression by including LED wire.