• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.183-202
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• 2009

본 연구는 1단계로 우리나라 무역항의 대기비용을 장기기회비용관점에서 산정하였다. 2단계로 이를 활용한 선박당 평균 대기비용을 활용하여 항만의 서비스 수준을 평가하는 방법을 제시하였다. 항만대기비용은 사회적 비용을 반영하기 때문에 특정 항만의 시설확충여부에 대한 의사결정지원 정보이지만 서비스지표로는 활용되기 어렵다. 또한 대기척수비율이나 대기시간비율도 시간기준의 양적 측면만을 반영한 불충분한 지표였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제시한 선박당 평균대기비용은 대기시간과 선박 및 화물의 경제적 가치 손실을 동시에 반영하는 항만 서비스수준의 평가지표로 활용할 수 있다. 화주나 선사가 항만을 선택하는 과정에서도 매우 유용한 정보이다. 2007년 선박당 대기비용 기준으로 서비스 수준이 낮은 항만은 평택당진, 포항, 동해, 삼천포 순으로 분석되었다. 이는 항만 대기비용 관점의 포항, 인천, 광양, 평택당진, 울산 순서와는 다른 것이다. 항만 대기비용이 항만 관리자에게 중요한 지표라면 선박당 대기비용은 항만 이용자의 관점에서 항만별 서비스 수준을 평가할 수 있는 유용한 지표이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.929-935
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• 2011

Customers hardly change to electric prices in old days because electricity is essential commodity, while demand changes with price after deregulation. It's explained by price-based demand response with demand-elasticity matrix. Also all of the customers have had identical demand-price elasticity matrix till now. But in a practical power system, various customers are present with taking a variety of demand-price elasticity. Therefore this paper proposes demand-price sensitivity to represent different demand-price elasticity. Also as proposing demand-reliability sensitivity, it is modeling various customers' characteristics to reliability. And then this paper calculates total expected interruption cost of customer from the customer interruption cost and the demand-reliability sensitivity. A total expected interruption cost of system is shown as opportunity cost of a generation cost.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2011년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.38 No.1(A)
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• pp.391-394
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• 2011

3rd party content service is a consumer-based wide selection of contents in which IPTV provider believes will enhance the service considerably extending the variety of contents to finally provide a personalized service. Therefore, the combination of 3rd party content services and the IPTV infrastructure creates a good revenue opportunity but they need to be created. IPTV offers to create personalized channels to distribute 3rd party content service. However, the cost of $3^{rd}$ party content delivery is high when the service is provided from a faraway server. IPTV provider requires an effective strategy of replica placement to minimize the cost without a tradeoff on the performance. We propose a cluster-based strategy of replica placement to find the right balance between cost and performance. The results demonstrate the achievement of an outstanding delivery time and low cost.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2011

In this study, based on the principal-agent paradigm, we investigate a joint cost reduction activity in a buyer-supplier supply chain where a buyer motivates its operations department and a supplier to reduce the supply chain's production cost. We construct a benefit-sharing model based on the target cost scheme, a basic philosophy in practice which has not been explored in previous studies. The model also incorporates various supply chain issues such as the cooperation of multiple agents, the opportunity loss, and the degree of strategic relationship between the buyer and the supplier. Based on the analysis of the principal-agent model, we investigate the benefit-sharing rule to control agents' actions, and we also provide important managerial implications into supply chain practices via extensive comparative static analyses.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2011

건축 프로젝트의 사업초기 비용 예측은 프로젝트의 규모, 품질 등 주요한 의사결정의 중요한 기준이 된다. 비용예측과 관련하여 많은 연구들이 진행되었지만, 구체적인 근거 제시 미흡, 설계과정과의 연계성 부족, 정확성 부족 등이 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 수량변화분석법 중 부분별 코스트 산정법의 비용예측 정확성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하여 계획설계 비용예측 모델로 발전시키며, 정보시스템 구축을 통해 활용성을 높이고자 하였다. 비용 예측 과정의 간소화를 위해 실적공사비를 활용하는 방법과 공간별 보정계수 적용을 통해 예측의 정확성을 향상시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 통해 계획설계 과정에서 설계자의 비용 예측이 가능하며, 현실성 있는 계획안의 도출이 가능해질 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 가장 최근에 수행된 치과의원의 경영 분석 자료를 바탕으로 상향식 방법을 적용하여 임플란트 원가를 산정하는데 있다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구에서는 진료행위 각각에 소요되는 직간접 비용을 모두 합산하는 상향식 방식으로 산출하였다. 상향식 원가계산의 경우 총원가는 인건비, 재료비, 관리비, 의료사고비용, 투자자본의 기회비용 등으로 구성이 된다. 이를 임플란트 원가 구성요소로 구분하면 인건비, 기공료, 재료비, 감가상각비 등의 직접비용과 관리운영비를 포함하는 간접비용, 치과의원 투자분에 대한 기회비용으로 구성된다. 결과: 상부보철물의 종류에 따라 금속관일 경우 1,449천원, 도재관일 경우 1,583천원, 오버덴쳐의 경우 2,471천원으로 산정되었다. 임플란트 원가는 인건비, 재료비, 관리비, 기타비용으로 나누어지는데 총 원가 중 인건비가 차지하는 비율은 50%, 재료비 33%, 관리비 15%, 기타비용2%로 나타났다. 이를 직접비, 간접비, 투자비용으로 구분하면 상부 보철물이 금속관일 경우 각각 원가의 83%, 15%, 2%를 차지한다. 결론: 전체 원가 중 인건비가 73만원(약 50%)으로 가장 많은 비중을 차지한다. 상향식 원가계산 결과 관행수가에 근접하게 나타났는데 금속관의 경우 145만원, 도재관일 경우 158만원 추계되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

Since 1989, 9 major complex have been invested with government funds, for the purpose of developing agricultural tourism to increase agricultural income and job opportunity, as well as providing urban population leisure opportunity. However, systematic and comprehensive approaches were rarely done in analyzing its economic impacts. This study, therefore, focuses on analyzing tourism effect and its economic value and implication for a representative rural tourism site,"Daeho rural tourism complex". To analyze travel pattern, expenditure pattern, and degree of satisfaction from travel to Daeho complex, Travel Cost Method(TCM) was employed based on survey method. Results from linear model with statistical significance implies that tourism benefit for each visitor is 28,373 won and total annual benefit for the Daeho site is 7 billion won. Considering annual benefit stream, the present value of total benefits are 132.9 billion won and 70 billion won at 5% and 10% of discounting rate, respectively. Using the values of benefit estimated from this study and investment cost, B/C ratio, IRR, and NPV were calculated to be 1.01, 1.67 billion won, and 5.19% at 5% of discounting rate. These results could be directly compared with the previous analyses.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2010

Various types of cooperative relaying (CR) schemes exhibit different levels of throughput and outage performance because of their inherent trade-off between diversity gain and opportunity cost; in other words, the overhead that is associated with cooperation. This article attempts to answer whether cooperative communication is beneficial or not from the system-level viewpoint and furthermore, if it is, how its average throughput can be maximized while maintaining the target outage rate. In order to improve throughput at the required outage performance, we propose a unified selection criterion to deal with different levels of combining gain and opportunity cost associated with each scheme, which allows for the employment of different CR schemes for various positions of the mobile station. Our system-level simulation results for an IEEE 802.16j multi-hop relay confirm the varying levels of trade-offs among different CR schemes and furthermore, show that CR will be a useful means of maximizing the average throughput for a multi-hop relay system as long as each type of the cooperating scheme is carefully selected, depending on the position of the mobile stations.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2012

With the continuous and outstanding development of information technology(IT), human being is coming to the new computing era which is called cloud computing. This era brings lots of huge benefits also at the same time release the resources of IT infrastructure and data boom for man. In the future no longer, most of IT service providers, enterprises, organizations and systems will adopt this new computing model. There are three main deployment models in cloud computing including public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud; each one also has its own cons and pros. While implementing any kind of cloud services, customers have to choose one of three above deployment models. Thus, our paper aims to represent a practical framework to help the adopter select which one will be the best suitable deployment model for their requirements by evaluating each model comprehensively. The framework is built by applying the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), namely benefit-cost-opportunity-risk(BCOR) model as a powerful and effective tool to serve the problem. The gained results hope not only to provide useful information for the readers but also to contribute valuable knowledge to this new area. In addition, it might support the practitioners' effective decision making process in case they meet the same issue and have a positive influence on the increase of right decision for the organization.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.259-275
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• 2021

This study analyzed the decision-making process in ship finance for the choice between fixed and floating interest rates using behavioral finance theories. Results confirmed that causes and background of decision-making processes could be explicitly explained by the framework of behavioral finance theories. This study also determined whether decisions were irrational. A case-study research was applied as the methodology. Decision-making data on ship finance collected through narrative and questionnaire responses were analyzed and evaluated using behavioral finance theories. Theories of behavioral finance used in the analysis and research of this study included availability heuristic, anchoring effect, and opportunity cost theory. Narrative and survey responses were clearly explained by theories of behavioral finance. It was found that a shipping company suffered additional losses owing to decisions that included behavioral finance errors. Behavioral finance theories largely influenced the decision-making process of choosing between a fixed interest rate and a floating interest rate. Shipping finance decisions related to interest rate selections could be clearly explained by behavioral finance theories. Errors related to behavioral finance could result in irrational decisions. Thus, managers who are responsible for shipping finance should remain vigilant toward any behavioral finance errors when making shipping finance decisions.