• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

This study aims to verify a difference between the years 2014 and 2019 of Uiryeong-Gil, which is operated by the Visitor-Reservation System, in terms of the cognition of system, operational effectiveness, and behavioral intention. The analysis is as follows. First, among the overall cognition of the Visitor-Reservation System, the satisfaction from - prevention for safety for accident, expansion to other parks, number of visitor restriction, and satisfaction with reservation method - increased compared to 2014. Second, among the effects of the Visitor-Reservation System operation, satisfaction shows differences in year-to-year levels in terms of resource protection, resource damage mitigation efficiency, natural experience opportunity, comfort of visit-environment, and prevention of illegal activities. Third, the analysis of the differences in the behavior of the Visitor-Reservation System showed that the satisfaction of visitors, revisit intention, and overall satisfaction differed per year. The results of this study are meaningful in that the Visitor-Reservation System is no longer the restriction, but the change in cognition for the protection of ecosystems and sustainable visiting in order to expand the Visitor-Reservation System into a sustainable policy.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.442-453
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• 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study is to suggest desirable direction of Korean accident investigation organization by analyzing the operation status and way of overseas developed countries' investigation agency. Method: To accomplish the objective of this study, we were examined four main characteristics of accident investigation agencies of the U.S., Japan, and Sweden, focusing on (1); the background of the establishment, (2);organizational structure, (3);major tasks and functions, (4); accident investigation procedures. Result: First, the purpose of its establishment and task is to prevent recurrence of disasters and accidents, at the same time, administrating and researching duties such as legal system, policy, recommending improvement and conducting scientific disaster-cause analysis to contribute safety for the government. Second, it is operated as an independent organization under the president, not belonging to the ministry, in order to enable fair investigation in an impartial position. Third, it has the authority to be recognized for its expertise in the results of investigation. In other words, it is operated as a permanent organization with professional personnel, and secures authority through the accident research with indepth investigation and high-quality recommendations. Conclusion: The overseas investigation agencies rapidly manage and coordinate their operational practices in order to resolve national requirements and social conflicts with fairness, accuracy and expertise in accident investigations. In order to prevent the recurrence of similar events, Korea needs to efficiently reconstruct its investigative functions distributed by each government department. In addition, institutional improvement is needed to make general adjustments at the national level, organize and operate control tower for when the accident has happened.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the circumstances surrounding collisions involving ambulances with an aim to improving the safe operation of emergency services. Collisions are relatively common within paramedic emergency services. We analyzed the time, injury site, and any other specific factors of 908 collisions occurring within four cities. Within our study 29.6% of paramedics have been involved in accidents while responding to an emergency call, with the main cause of the accident being signal violation (35.7%), and is the other party's negligence (22.2%). 92.1% of these accidents occurred while the emergency lights were being operated. XX% of accidents took place in the afternoon, while xx% took place within the hours of xx:xx and xx:xx, during which time there is generally lower levels of traffic, which can cause severe brain and neck damage of 14.4% but the other part is 62.1%. (Ed note; this is not clear at all. 14.4% of collisions resulted in severe head and neck injuries, while 23.5% of collisions resulted in no injury. According to the respondents, defensive driving (xx%), observance of traffic laws (xx%), safe driving habits (xx%)to paramedics were the most critical factors in evading collision. Signal passes were identified as the most common cause of collision (70.1%). Although the majority of collisions occurred while the emergency lights were operational, the damage can cause severe damage at the time of accident occurred.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2015

Dielectric breakdown accidents have been mainly occurred in the vicinity of service entrance section in underground power transmission systems. One cause among them is due to the excessive component value of sheath located around service entrance of cable. In this paper, as one of the alternative to prevent these accidents, the change of cross bond grounding system and the location change of IJ(Insulation Joint) are suggested. Also, to evaluate effectiveness of this changing system, circulating current and induced voltage of sheath were analyzed in steady and transient state. By comparison of the analytical results for the several possible changing systems, a grounding system and location of IJ which has the smallest sheath component values is proposed. In this paper, analysis to evaluate the proposed system is carried out by EMTP/ATPDraw. It can be used as a valuable operational material to prevent accident of the service entrance section in underground power transmission system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2018

The present study aims to assess the excess induced reactivity in a Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) for a Beyond Design Basis Accident (BDBA) scenario. The BDBA scenario as defined in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) of the reactor involves sticking of the control rod and filling of the inner and outer irradiation sites with water. At the end of the MNSR core life, 10.95 cm of Beryllium is added to the top of the core as a reflector which affects some neutronic parameters such as effective delayed neutrons fraction (${\beta}_{eff}$), the reactivity worth of inner and outer irradiation sites that are filled with water and the reactivity worth of the control rod. Given those influences and changes, new neutronic calculations are required to be able to demonstrate the reactor safety. Therefore, a validated MCNPX model is used to calculate all neutronic parameters at the end of the reactor core life. The calculations show that the induced reactivity in the BDBA scenario increases at the end of core life to $7.90{\pm}0.01mk$ which is significantly higher than the induced reactivity of 6.80 mk given in the SAR of MNSR for the same scenario but at the beginning of the core's life. Also this value is 3.90 mk higher than the maximum allowable operational limit (i.e. 4.00 mk).

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2021

When an abnormal landing occurs, aircraft structures should be designed to guarantee occupants survivability without preventing egress. To find out fire root causes at crash, lots of fixed aircraft crash tests were conducted. Appropriate crash load factors were established with the comprehension of structural behavior based on dynamic analysis and investigation of human tolerance. Cargo restraint criteria were set up considering passengers safety and operational cost while analyzing past cargo aircraft accident data using a probabilistic approach. Reviewing results of past crash tests, current crash landing load factor was appreciated physically, medically, and economically.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

In 2021, the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), a U.N. advisory research institute, cited container loss as one of six sources of marine litters in shipping. The sinking of the X-P ress Pearl in May 2021 caused a catastrophic environmental pollution accident in which the loaded containers were moved to the shore, and the plastic pellets were loaded inside covered the coast of Sri Lanka. With this history, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will discuss prevention and follow-up measures for container loss during ship voyages, as an agenda at the 8th Sub Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers meeting in September 2022. To establish Korea's response direction at the IMO meeting, this study identified major causes of container loss accidents, and considered the response through analysis based on the accident investigation report and related professional data. As a result, it was found that the major cause of container loss during voyages was the enlargement of container ships, bad weather, and poor loading of containers. In particular, the need to prepare countermeasures for the deterioration of the operational safety of large container ships due to bad weather was identified. Additionally, integrated monitoring of the implementation of international conventions is required, for the safe sea transportation of container cargo. In particular, in terms of preservation of the marine environment, it is necessary to supplement the system for the recovery of lost containers. Finally, it was found that it is necessary to establish systems that can complement each other in the shipbuilding and shipping industries, in terms of shipbuilding as well as ship operation, to fundamentally prevent container loss accidents at sea. It is judged that it is difficult to resolve the various factors of container loss at sea during voyages, by responding from an individual perspective.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.512-518
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• 2022

In this study, safety devices for ammonia tanks of a company in Ulsan petrochemical industrial complex were studied. The type of a tank is cylindrical and this tank was originally designed to store propylene in 1972. Due to the changes of the production schedule according to market environments, the usage of this tank has been changed to store ammonia. Despite of the changes of materials, there is no scientific information or reviews for guaranteeing the safety. Therefore, in this study, the current status of this tank is investigated to confirm that the operational conditions are complying with safety conditions. Moreover, the safety devices such as an ammonia absorbing system and water curtains are analyzed how they mitigate the impact of an accident. In addition, consequence analysis is performed to provide a proper emergency response plan. Throughout these analysis, it is confirmed that installed safety devices effectively mitigate the impact of accidents, and the necessary time for an emergency response plan is suggested when ammonia release.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.828-838
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• 2022

Purpose: Through the establishment of a computerized system of risk assessment, the purpose is to analyze the case of whether the co-workers who are subject to the risk assessment at the construction site can easily fill it out and expect disaster reduction through efficient risk assessment activities. Method: By providing the risk factors and safety measures for the work by selecting the type of work, the risk estimation and the establishment of countermeasures can be made, and a system has been established to enable practical disaster prevention activities by presenting disaster cases for the work. Result: Through the analysis of the change in the scaled disaster rate for the years following the on-site application after the establishment of the risk assessment computer system of H Construction Company, it was confirmed that the scaled disaster rate of the domestic construction industry increased, while the conversion disaster rate of H Construction Company decreased. Conclusion: Through the computational systemization of risk assessments, workers in the field can easily access the risk assessment, evaluate the risk factors of the process and establish risk prevention measures, and it has been analyzed that there is an impact on the reduction of the disaster rate during the operational analysis period.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

Successful development of weapon systems requires a stringent verification and validation (V&V) process due to the nature of the weapons in which continual increase of operational capability makes the system requirements more complicated to meet. Thus, test and evaluation (T&E) of weapon systems is becoming more difficult. In such a situation, live fire tests appear to be effective and useful methods in not only carrying out V&V of the weapon systems under development, but also increasing the maturity of the end users operability of the system. However, during the process for live fire tests, a variety of accidents or mishaps can happen due to explosion, pyro, separation, and so on. As such, appropriate means to mitigate mishap possibilities should be provided and applied during the live fire tests. To study a way of how to accomplish it is the objective of this paper. To do so, top-level sources of hazard are first identified. A framework for T&E is also described. Then, to enhance the test range safety, it is discussed how test scenarios can be generated. The proposed method is based on the use of the anticipatory failure determination (AFD) and multiple event tree analysis (ETA) in analyzing range safety. It is intended to identify unexpected hazard components even in the environment with constraints. It is therefore expected to reduce accident possibilities as an alternative to the traditional root-cause analysis.