• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.668-676
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• 2016

This study reviewed the planning characteristics of contemporary Japanese middle school architecture on which related studies are insufficient, aiming to obtain new ideas for planning Korean middle school facilities. Fourteen case schools built after 1990s were selected and analyzed. They were divided into learning-living space and other major spaces. The planning characteristics of the case schools are summarized as follows 1) The case schools were classified into two categories, departmentalized classroom type (D type) and usual with variation type (UV type) by school system. These categories can also be the classification standard for basic architectural characteristics in learning and living space of case schools. 2) D type case schools have departmentalized classrooms, home base, media space and teacher's space for learning-living space. D type case schools are divided into 'attached-to-classroom type' and 'separate type' depending on the adjacency of the home base and departmentalized classroom. 3) UV type case schools have multipurpose space around the classroom for learning-living space and can be divided into two types, i.e., 'directly adjacent' and 'separate', depending on the connectivity to classroom of multipurpose room. 4) Specialized classrooms are designed to have the openness to the public and the own characteristics of school subjects strengthened and show the spatial differentiation with connected ancillary spaces. 5) Libraries are designed as complex zones grouped with computer labs, audio visual rooms and multipurpose halls not as a single room and as open plan not with a closed wall. 6) The gymnasium is the basic sports facility with a martial arts room and outdoor pool, which are for after-school activities as well as physical education class. 7) The terrace, balcony and outdoor stairs are frequently used architectural vocabularies as diverse outdoor spaces with a variety of functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.21-29
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• 2005

The HANARO, a multi-purpose research reactor of 30 MWth open-tank-in-pool type, has been under normal operation since its initial criticality in February, 1995. Recently, ten years after the initial operation of the HANARO, one of the two primary cooling pumps was decontaminated for overhaul maintenance in 2004. Before decontamination exposure doserate and surface contamination level of primary cooling pump measured at 4 points. After final decontamination exposure doserate and surface contamination level of primary cooling pump remeasured by same method done before. It is easy to decontaminate the out side exposed surfaces of the pump, but it is difficult to approach the inside surface due to double volute installed in the casing. Therefore, a new decontamination facility has been developed to solve this problem. A concentrated de-contaminant (DX-300) is rotated in the closed pump casing by the impeller actuated by a temporary motor. Nuclide particles are removed by the emulsification effect of the de-contaminant and the surface contaminants are chemically removed from the pump by the corrosion and dissolution effect. The inside surfaces of the primary cooling pump have been decontaminated by using the facility. As results, the contamination level of the inside surfaces was maintained below the surface contamination limit.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.114-129
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this paper is to confirm the event timings and the magnitude of fission product aerosol release from the Fukushima accident. Over a few hundreds of technical papers have been published on the environmental impact of Fukushima Daiichi accident since the accident occurred on March 11, 2011. However, most of the research used reverse or inverse method based on the monitoring of activities in the remote places and only few papers attempted to estimate the release of fission products from individual reactor core or from individual spent fuel pool. Severe accident analysis code can be used to estimate the radioactive release from which reactor core and from which radionuclide the peaks in monitoring points can be generated. Materials and Methods: The basic material used for this study are the initial core inventory obtained from the report JAEA-Data/Code 2012-018 and the given accident scenarios provided by Japanese Government or Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in official reports. In this research a forward method using severe accident progression code is used as it might be useful for justifying the results of reverse or inverse method or vice versa. Results and Discussion: The release timing and amounts to the environment are estimated for volatile radioactive fission products such as noble gases, cesium, iodine, and tellurium up to 184 hours (about 7.7 days) after earthquake occurs. The in-plant fission product behaviors and release characteristics to environment are estimated using the severe accident progression analysis code, MELCOR, for Fukushima Daiichi accident. These results are compared with other research results which are summarized in UNSCEAR 2013 Report and other technical papers. Also it may provide the physically based arguments for justifying or suspecting the rationale for the scenarios provided in open literature. Conclusion: The estimated results by MELCOR code simulation of this study indicate that the release amount of volatile fission products to environment from Units 1, 2, and 3 cores is well within the range estimated by the reverse or inverse method, which are summarized in UNSCEAR 2013 report. But this does not necessarily mean that these two approaches are consistent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.563-572
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to model the effect of flushing discharge on algae removal by multi-purpose weir operation in Yeongsan River (Seungchon Weir) using a 3-dimensional (3D) model. The chlorophyceae Eudorina sp. formed bloom in May 2013. Flushing discharge was conducted in two different ways for algal bloom reduction. To elucidate the spatial variability, a high-resolution 3D model, ELCOM-CAEDYM, was used to simulate the spatial variations of water quality and chl-a over a month. The results showed that ELCOM-CAEDYM could reproduce highly spatially resolved field data at low cost, and showed very good performance in simulating the pattern of algal bloom occurrence. The effect of each flushing discharge operation was analyzed with the results of modeling. The results of case 1, flushing discharge using an open movable weir, showed that the algal bloom between the Seochang Bridge and the Hwangryong River junction is rapidly flushed after operating the movable weir, but the residual algae remained in the weir pool as the discharge decreased. However, the results of case 2, fixed weir overflow with a small hydropower stop, showed that most of the algae was removed after flushing discharge and the effect of algae removal was much bigger than that in case 1, as per modeling results and observed data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2023

According to the 「Rural Spatial Reconstruction and Regeneration Support Act」, enacted on March 29, 2024, all local governments are required to establish a 'Rural Spatial Reconstruction and Regeneration Plan' (hereinafter referred to as the 'Rural Spatial Plan'). In order for the 'Rural Spatial Plan' to be appropriately established, this study analyzed the supply and demand of spatial data from the perspective of user stakeholders and derived implications for improving rural spatial planning data utilization. In conclusion, three key recommendations come from this result. Firstly, it is necessary to establish an integrated DB for rural spatial planning data. This can solve the problem of low awareness of scattered data-providing websites, reduce the processing time of non-GIS data, and reduce the time required to acquire data by securing the availability of data search and download. In particular, research should be conducted on the establishment of a spatial analysis simulation system to support stakeholders' decision-making, considering that many stakeholders have difficulty in spatial analysis because spatial analysis techniques were not actively used in rural projects before the implementation of the rural agreement system in 2020. Secondly, research on how to improve data acquisition should be conducted in each data sector. The data sector group with the lowest ease of receiving are 'Local Community Domain', 'Changes in Domestic and International Conditions', and 'Provision and Utilization of Daily Life Services'. Lastly, in-depth research is needed on how to raise each rural spatial planning data supply stakeholder to the position of player. Stakeholders of 'University Institutions' and 'Public Enterprises and Research Institutes' should give those who participate in the formulation of rural spatial plans access to the raw data collected for public work. Stakeholders of 'Private company' need to come up with realistic measures to build a data pool centered on consultative bodies between existing private companies and then prepare a step-by-step strategy to fully open it by participating various stakeholders. In order to induce 'Village Residents and Associations' stakeholders to play a leading role as owners and producers of data, personnel should be trained to collect and record data related to the village. In addition, support measures should be prepared to continue these activities.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.393-409
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a multi-task debugging environment for Qplus-T embedded-system such as internet information appliances. We will propose the structure and functions of a remote multi-task debugging environment supporting environment effective ross-development. And, we are going enhance the communication architecture between the host and target system to provide more efficient cross-development environment. The remote development toolset called Q+Esto consists to several independent support tools: an interactive shell, a remote debugger, a resource monitor, a target manager and a debug agent. Excepting a debug agent, all these support tools reside on the host systems. Using the remote multi-task debugger on the host, the developer can spawn and debug tasks on the target run-time system. It can also be attached to already-running tasks spawned from the application or from interactive shell. Application code can be viewed as C/C++ source, or as assembly-level code. It incorporates a variety of display windows for source, registers, local/global variables, stack frame, memory, event traces and so on. The target manager implements common functions that are shared by Q+Esto tools, e.g., the host-target communication, object file loading, and management of target-resident host tool´s memory pool and target system´s symbol-table, and so on. These functions are called OPEn C APIs and they greatly improve the extensibility of the Q+Esto Toolset. The Q+Esto target manager is responsible for communicating between host and target system. Also, there exist a counterpart on the target system communicating with the host target manager, which is called debug agent. Debug agent is a daemon task on real-time operating systems in the target system. It gets debugging requests from the host tools including debugger via target manager, interprets the requests, executes them and sends the results to the host.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.270-287
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• 2015

Objectives To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of modified Yuldahanso-tang (MYH) in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods 1) Four groups (each of 8 rats per group) were used in this study. 2) The neuroprotective effect of MYH was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. 3) The brains of 2 mice per group were removed and frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$, and the striatum-substantia nigra part was seperated. The protein volume was measured by Bradford method following Bio-Rad protein analyzing kit. Using mouse/Rat Dopamine ELISA Assay Kit. 4) The brains of 2 mice per group were separated and removed. TH-immunohistochemical was examined in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of MYH on ST and SNpc. 5) Two mice out of each group were anesthetized and skulls were opened from occipital to frontal direction to take out the brains. The brains added TTC solution for 20 minutes for staining. 6) The water tank used for morris water maze test was filled with $28^{\circ}C$ water, and a round platform of 10cm in diameter was installed for mice to step on. The study was carried out once a day within 30 seconds, keep exercising to step on the platform in the pool. 7) The brains of two mice out of each group were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and paraphillin substance was infiltrated. They were fragmented by microtome, and observed under an optical microscope after Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. 8) A round acrylic cylinder with its upper side open was filled with clean water and depressive mouse models were forced to swim for 15 minutes. After 24 hours the animals were put in the same equipment for 5 minutes and were forced to swim. 9) The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of Neurotransmitters in MPTP-MYH group. Results 1) MYH possess Dopamine cell protective effect on MPTP-induced injury in striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. 2) MYH inhibits the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreacitive (TH-IR) cells in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. 3) MYH possesses improvement effect on MPTP-induced memory deterioration in C57BL/6 mice through the reduction of prolongated Sort of lost time by MPTP injection using the Morris water maze test. 4) MYH possesses hippocampal neuron protective effect on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. 5) MYH possesses improvement effect on MPTP-induced motor behaviour deficits and depression in C57BL/6 mice through the reduction of prolongated losing motion by MPTP injection using the Forced swimming test. 6) MYH increases serotonin product amount on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions This experiment suggests that the neuroprotective effect of MYH is mediated by the increase in Dopamin, TH-ir cell, Hippocampus and Serotonin. Furthermore, MYH essential oil may serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent regarding Parkinson's disease.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.179-193
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• 2021

This study examines the use of satellite images for river classification and determination of stream reach, which is the first priority in the river environment assessment system. In the river environment assessment system used in South Korea, it is proposed to set a stream reach by using 10 or 25 times the width of the river based on the result of river classification. First, river classification for the main stream section of Cheongmi stream was performed using various river-related data. The maximum likelihood method was applied for land cover classification. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, which is an open data technology with a resolution of 10 m, was used. A total of four satellite images from 2018 was used to consider various flow conditions: February 2 (daily discharge = 2.39 m³/s), May 23 (daily discharge = 15.51 m³/s), June 2 (daily discharge = 3.88 m³/s), and July 7 (daily discharge = 33.61 m³/s). The river widths were estimated from the result of land cover classification to determine stream reach. The results of the assessment reach classification were evaluated using indicators of stream physical environments, including pool diversity, channel sinuosity, and river crossing shape and structure. It is concluded that appropriate flow conditions need to be considered when using satellite images to set up assessment segments for the river environment assessment system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1972

The trend and achievements of forest genetics research in abroad were investigated through observation tours and reference work and following facts were found to be important aspects which should be adopted in the forest genetics research program in Korea. Because of world wide recognization on the urgency of taking a measure to reserve some areas of the representative forest type on the globe before the extingtion of such forest type as the results of continuous exploitations of the natural forests to meet the timber demand all over the world, it is urgently needed to take a measure to reserve certain areas of natural stand of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus parviflora, Pinus densiflora f. erectra, Abies koreana, Quercus sp., Populus sp., etc. as gene pool to be used for the future program of forest tree improvement. And the genetic studies of those natural forest of economic tree species are also to be performed. 1. Increase of the number of selected tree for breeding purpose. Because of the fact that the number of plus tree at present is too small to carry out selection program for tree improvement, particularly for the formation of source population for recurrent selection of parent trees of the 2nd generation seed orchard it is to be strongly emphasized to increase the number of plus tree by alleviating selection criteria in order to enlarge the population size of plus trees to make the selection program more efficient. 2. Progeny testing More stress should be placed on carrying out progeny testing of selected trees with open pollinated seeds. And particular efforts are to be made for conducting studies on adult/juvenile correlation of important traits with a view to enable to predict adult performances with some traits revealed in juvenile age thus to save time for progeny testing. 3. Genotype-environment interaction Studies on genotype and environment interaction should be conducted in order to elucidate whether the plus trees selected on the good site express their superiority on the poor site or not and how the environment affect the genotype. And the justification of present classification of seed distribution area should be examined. 4. Seed orchard of broad leaf tree species. Due to the difficulty of accurate comparison of growth rate of neighbouring trees of broad leaf tree species in natural stand, it is recommended that for the improvement of broad leaf trees a seedling seed orchard is to be made by roguing the progeny test plantation planted densely with control pollinated seedlings of selected trees. 5. Breeding for insect resistant varieties. In the light of the fact that the resistant characteristics against insect such as pine gall midge (Thiecodiplosis japonensis U. et I.) and pine bark beetle (Myelophilus pinipera L.) are highly correlated with the amount and quality of resin which are known as gene controlled characteristics, breeding for insect resistance should be carried out. 6. Breeding for timber properties. With the tree species for pulp wood in particular, emphasis should be placed upon breeding for high specific gravity of timber. 7. Introduction of Cryptomeria and Japanese Cypress In the light of the fact that the major clones of Cryptomeria are originated from Yoshino source and are being planted up to considerably north and high elevation in Japan, those species should be examined on their cold resistance in Korea by planting them in further northern part of the country.