• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.sup2
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• pp.317-324
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• 2008

Purpose: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was associated with localized aggressive periodontitis, endocarditis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of A. actinomycetemcomitans was considered as a key factor of these diseases is composed of five open reading frames (ORFs). Among of them, An enzymatic subunit of the CDT, CdtB has been known to be internalized into the host cell in order to induce its genotoxic effect. However, CdtB can not be localized in host cytoplasm without the help of a heterodimeric complex consisting of CdtA and CdtC. So, some studies suggested that CdtC functions as a ligand to interact with GM3 ganglioside of host cell surface. The precise role of the CdtC protein in the mechanism of action of the holotoxin is unknown at the present time. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant CdtC proteins expression from A. actinomycetemcomitans, through gene cloning and protein used to investigate the function of Cdt C protein in the bacterial pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: The genomic DNA of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (ATCC29522) was isolated using the genomic DNA extraction kit and used as template to yield cdtC genes by PCR. The amplifed cdtC genes were cloned into T-vector and cloned cdt C gene was then subcloned to pET28a expression vector. The pET28a-cdtC plasmid expressed in BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli system. Diverse conditons were tested to opitimize the expression and purification of functional CdtC protein in E. coli. Results: In this study we reconstructed CdtC subunit of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and comfirmed the recombinant CdtC expression by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. The expression level of the recombinant CdtC was about 2% of total bacterial proteins. Conclusion: The lab condition of procedure for the purification of functionally active recombinant CdtC protein is established. The active recombinant CdtC protein will serve to examine the role of CdtC proteins in the host recognition and enzyme activity of CDT and investigate the pathological process of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease.

• Clean Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.244-249
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• 2006

The photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethlylene (TCE), has been investigated over $TiO_2$ photocatalysts irradiated with solar light. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., initial TCE concentration, $TiO_2$ concentration, pH and additives ($H_2O_2$, persulphate($S_2O{_8}^-$)) on the degradation rate of aqueous solution of TCE has been examined. The results presented in this work demonstrated that degradation of the TCE with $TiO_2/solar$ light was enhanced by augumentation in $TiO_2$ loading, pH, and adding additives but was inhibited by increase in initial TCE concentration. Also individual use of $H_2O_2$ was far more effective than using persulphate in TCE removal efficiency. Furthermore, the relative toxicity with a $solar/TiO_2/H_2O_2$ system was about 15% lower than with a $solar/TiO_2/persulphate$ system and about 35% lower than with a $solar/TiO_2$ system within a reaction time of 150 min, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

Recently, the Korean government announced a new development plan for a large-scale greenhouse complex in reclaimed lands. Wind environments of reclaimed land are entirely different from those of inland. Many standard books for ventilation design didn't include qualitative standard for natural ventilation. In this study, natural ventilation rates were analyzed to suggest standard for ventilation design of venlo type greenhouse built on reclaimed land. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation models were designed according to the number of spans, wind conditions and vent openings. The wind profile at a reclaimed land was designed using ESDU (Engineering Sciences Data Unit) code. Using the designed CFD simulation model, ventilation rates were computed using mass flow rate and tracer gas decay method. Additionally computed natural ventilation rates were evaluated by comparing with ventilation requirements. As a result of this study, ventilation rates were decreased with increasing of the number of spans. Ventilation rates were linearly increased with increasing of wind speed. When the wind speed was $1.0\;m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, only side vent was open and wind direction was $45^{\circ}$, homogeneity of ventilation rate at 0~1 m height is the worst. Finally, chart for computing natural ventilation rate was suggested. The chart was expected to be used for establishing standard of ventilation design.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

Purpose: We examined patients to evaluate the clinical results of traumatic metacarpophalangeal(M-P) dislocations of the thumb, uncommon and irreducible. Materials and Methods: In 11 traumatic M-P dislocations of the thumb, the types of dislocations were 10 dorsal and 1 volar dislocations resulted from the impacted and hyperextended forces on thumb. Authors evaluated the possibility of closed reduction, the anatomical structures interfering with closed reduction, and the surgical approaches. Results: Eight cases were treated with open reduction through volar approach and two cases were treated with closed reduction. Joint fusion was done with a plate in a chronic case. Initial closed reduction was attempted in all cases, but succeeded in only 2 cases because the interposed ruptured volar plate, the flexor pollicis brevis tendon and ulnar sesamoid bone at the volar side of the M-Pjoint were the obstacles to reduce. The metacarpal head was caught in button-hole slit between theflexor pollicis brevis and the ruptured volar joint capsule in all cases. Conclusion: Similar with the M-P joint dislocations of other fingers, the dorsal complex M-P dislocations of the thumb due to hyper extension are unusual and can't easily be reduced by closed manipulation. It is necessary to pay attention to the ruptured volar plate, capsule, the subluxated portion ofthe sesamoid and flexor pollicis brevis as interfering structures.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

'The Training for School Organization Management' is a essential teacher training system in order to develop qualification and ability of teachers who have to be the flexible to the recent changeable society. The concept which the school management issue is only belong to the principle is changed now. The thought that 'the school as a team' is broadly accepted. As a result, every teachers including the parents, community people are thinking the solution about the management issues of the school. The changes in the framework of these thoughts is from the recognition that the school management is no longer the preservation only to the manager such as the principle. 'the school linked to the community', 'the school which information is open to all public', the school which is thinking about the curriculum' are highlighted as an alternative which can solve the current education issue. The new curriculum of 'The Training for School Organization Management' is necessary to be in accordance to the new school curriculum because we have to run a new school system in the complex educational circumstance.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to provide information about safe actions during the practice of dental technology, promote belief in safe actions among the students of dental technology, and reinforce their knowledge about how to act safety. Methods: Open questions were asked to 120 sophomores majoring dental technology to understand the target group's belief about safe actions. Following the instructions by Ajzen & Fishbein, the collected data were grouped according to similar beliefs. Those beliefs of the highest frequency were given a priority and got to represent the belief level of the target group. Even with belief changes, however, they would not be able to practice safe actions if they had no knowledge about how to do safe actions. For desirable behavioral changes among the students, the students were then asked to discuss the current state of safety accidents and issues focusing on the materials and processes used in the practice and give presentations regarding the subjects to identify risk factors. Then the identified risk factors were used to devise the program contents so that the students could practice safe actions through accurate behavioral approaches and belief changes by educating them about how to act safely by the practice processes and the involved materials and devices. Results: Not only do the students of Dept. of Dental Technicians have difficulties with the complex practice processes while practicing to make dental prosthesis, but they are exposed to the risk of accidents as they're poor at dealing with the materials and devices. Although there is a definite need for accident prevention education programs before practice, the reality is that the school doesn't the schoosuch education. Based on the judgment that an education program designed to reinforce belief for behavioral changes would generate effgrams results, an education program was developed by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB). Along with their beliefs, the current state of accidents n. Basepractice, demand for safety education, and practice level of safe actions were used to device the contents of accident prevention education and to develop an accident prevention education program for dental technology. Conclusion: The study presents an accident prevention education program developed to reinforce dental technology students' beliefs and knowledge and to help them do safe actions during practice.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

Recently, Through the linkage and opening, the fusion of the spatial information, it is necessary for productive ecosystem to provide a variety of information and to increase the civil use. Depending on the economic growth, demand for quality of life and well-being has been on the increase. Spatial information service contents for the public convenience has emerged to solve the problem such as health, safety, welfare and discomfort of daily life This study aims to implement search services for a tailored residence space through the three-dimensional data modeling on cadastral information. To achieve this goal, we established the requirements for deriving a registered object by investigating recent trend with respect to existing cadastral data model and defined property and relationship. Focusing on Songpa-gu, Jamsil station in Seoul, we implemented search services for a tailored residence space for three-dimensional right analysis in conjunction with residential and commercial complex building. As a result, we derived a way to supply 3D cadastre information through open platforms (VWorld) and to represent efficiently, which is able to improve the quality of spatial information service contents for the public convenience as well as to widen utilization of information.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-82
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• 1994

This paper is the result of the researches and the field surveys of the villages and the dwellings of Korean immigrants in Yien-Pien area, north-eastern China. This study aims to persue both of the origin and the process of development of their settlements and dwelling types from late 19C to the present. Their processes are too complex to analysis by single view-point. I have eyes to interprete them from three pionts; 1)correspondences between the dwelling types and the econo-political history of their region, 2)cultural assimilation with the native dwelling types, and 3)the direction of their modernization with the economical development of modern China. Three village types have been pioneered; 1)the villages of indivisual immigration, 2)the villages of planned group immigration, and 3)the villages of socilistic reform villages of 1) were composed of organic village patterns and various shaped dwelling lots on the sloped site; villages both of 2) and 3), gird patterns and uniformed lots on open fields. Historically, villages of 1) were pioneered before 1931; villages of 2), 1936-1945; villages of 3), from 1945. Each of dwelling types had strong relations with the village types to which it belonged. Before 1931, dwellings were built up based on so called "Ham-buk dwelling type" which was dominent in north-eastern Korea. In the era of gruop-immigration, various dwelling types were flew into Yen-Pien from southern Korea. In modern China, their southern types were changed into Yen-Pien type as similar as Ham-book type. After 1945, with the Great leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, as communization of indivisual properties and reorganization of rural communities, each of dwellings became smaller and simpler in aspects of scales as well as functions. There are two types in Yen-Pien dwellings, those are 'single-file' and 'double-file' type. Three sub-types of latter arc 'six-bays', 'eight-bays', and rarely 'ten-bays'. The most common element of all types is Chong-ju-k'an; which is large room with heated floor, openig to kitchen. Now, modern dwellings of Korean immigrants are changing their spatial compositions, materials, and structures. With cultural assimilation as well as modernization, especially in urban areas, they are compelled to accept the elements of Chinese dwellings. But the spatial element of "Chong-ju-k'an", which is the core element of Yen-Pien dwelling type, never fade away nor is changed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.894-900
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• 2004

There are many types of circularly polarized(CP) microstrip antenna elements, which are used as a good unit radiator. Since an advantage of CP antenna is no strict alignment requirements between Rx and Tx system, the printed antennas with circular polarization are very often used in numerous satellite and mobile radio systems. In order to realize the broad bandwidth of 3 dB axial ratio and impedance of CP microstrip antenna, complex feed structure and tri-plate patch element have been researched. This paper describes a design of wideband microstrip cross slot array antennas with circular polarization. The proposed antenna is composed of an open-ended microstrip feed line as a feeder and a cross slot as a radiator for circular polarization. To realize the wide bandwidth, tri-plate structure are considered and cross slot is electromagnetically coupled with feed line. Optimum parameters of 1-element cross slot antenna are analyzed and designed by method of moments. These parameters are also applied to may antennas design considered the mutual coupling between radiating elements. Right hand circular polarization(RHCP) and left hand circular polarization(LHCP) of the proposed antenna are easily controlled by asymmetrical cross slot structure and slot position. In 1-element and 15-element cross slot array antenna, the good axial ratio of 1 dB below and the broad bandwidth characteristics of antenna are obtained.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2004

Assesment of 30 nutritional minerals and 8 toxic elements in hair are very important not only for determining adequacy, deficiencies and unbalance, but also for assessing their relative relationships in the body. A test has been developed that serves this purpose exceedingly well. This test is known as tissue mineral analysis(TMA). TMA is very popular method in hair mineral analysis for health care professionals in over 46 countries' medical center. However, there are some problems. First, they do not have database which is suitable for korean to do analyze. Second, as the TMA results from TEI-USA is composed of english documents and graphic files prohibited to open, its usability is very low. Third, some of them has low level database which is related to TMA, so hairs are sent to TEI-USA for analyzing and medical services. it bring about an severe outflow of dollars. Finally, TMA results are based on the database of american health and mineral standards, it is possibly mislead korean mineral standards. The purposes of this research is to develope the first Intelligent Medical Expert System(IMES) of TMA, in Korea, which makes clear the problems mentioned earlier IMES can analyze the tissue mineral data with multiple stage decision tree classifier. It is also constructed with multiple fuzzy rule base and hence analyze the complex data from Korean database by fuzzy inference methods. Pilot test of this systems are increased of business efficiency and business satisfaction 86% and 92% respectively.