• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 1990

At infertility clinic, department of Obstetrics and Gynegology, Kyung Hee Medical Hospital, 80 patients who underwent IVF-ET from January to July, 1989 were evaluated for the prediction of endogenous LH Surge and its effects on outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were compared among LH Surge group without hCG given (N=18), with hCG given (N=5), and no-LH Surge group with hCG given (N=57). LH Surge were occurred in 23(28.7%) out of 80 patients studied. Serum E2 levels on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, were no significant different among three groups. When basal serum LH/FSH ratio is above 1.0, the possibility of endogenous LH Surge is much higher (56.3% in LH Surge group without hCG given). Serum P4 levels on Day 0 were significantly increased in LH Surge group without hCG given. Cycles which serum P4 level is higher than l.0ng/ml were 70.6% of LH Surge group without hCG given. But there was no significant interrelationship between endogenous LH Surge and serum P4 rising rate as an efficient predictor of the occurrence of endogenous LH Surge in COH for IVF. There was no significant differences in number of follicles, follicular size on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, and number of oocyte collected per cycle. The oocyte fertilization rate of No-LH surge group with hCG given was significantly higher than LH Surge group without hCG given. There was no significant difference in oocyte cleavage rate among three groups.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1990

Structural changes of the vitelline envelopes during oogenesis of a polychaete, Nectoneanthes oxypoda, were examined with a scanning electron micrscope. Oocytes grow in the same coelomic fluid to the final stage, but the surface appears to change in the structure during oogenesis. Projections, which were identified to be microvilli, change in shape, number and size. Short microvilli, which cover the surface of oocyte of $33{\mu}m$ diameter densely, grow in length, reaching a maximum at the stage of $73{\mu}m$. The number of microvilli increases with the stages of oogenesis, reaching a plateau at the stage of $82{\mu}m$. The observations suggest that control of material transport including yolk precursor proteins may be correlated with the structural changes in the microvilli.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2007

The azooxanthellate soft coral Dendronephthya suensoni (Holem, 1895) is distributed mainly around Jejudo Island, Korea. This species was determined as gonochoric with a sex ratio of 2:1 (female:male). Both female and male colonies have one gametogenic cycle a year. The annual reproductive cycle of D. suensoni is dependent on the seawater temperature. In particular, reproduction of the male colony showed a higher positive correlation between seawater temperature and the mean diameter of the spermaries. Gametogenesis in females and males took 6 months and 12 months, respectively. The mean diameter of a mature oocyte was $249.29\;{\pm}\;36.24\;{\mu}m$, with a maximum size of $354.45\;{\mu}m$. Spawning could have occurred in the fall after the seawater temperature began to decrease.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-191
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• 1996

In-vitro culture has provided new inforrnation on mechanisms of oocytes rnaturation and results obtained in vitro have led to new questions. In porcine, follicular and oocyte size have the crucial importance for the oocytes maturation. The addition of hormones to the culture medium was found to accelerate and facilitate meiotic maturation. The presence of some factors in serum trigger the resumption of meiosis and support the maturation of oocytes in vitro. The maturation rate of porcine oocytes was also increased by supplementation of porcine follicular fluid to the culture medium. The growth factors can stimulate nuclear maturation and enhances cytoplasnic maturation of oocytes by interaction with gonadotropins. The maturation-promoting factor brings about GVBD and the subsequent maturational events in oocytes. However, cAMP can block the spontaneous meiotic maturation of oocytes in culture. The understanding of these influences is a prerequisite to enhancing in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the nuclear development of preantral follicle oocytes in dog following collecting from different estrus ovaries and oocyte diameter. To do this, ovaries were collected from Sunchon livestock station by ovarioectomy and then transported to laboratory in 3$0^{\circ}C$ saline within 2 h. All of the ovaries were washed three times with saline supplemented with 100 IU Penicillin and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ Streptomycin and then sliced with blade in 100 mm dish. All of the oocytes collected were classified the oocyte size such as over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the estrus status. To induce the nuclear development, oocytes were cultured in TCM199 $\alpha$-MEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ sodium pyruvate, 100 ng/$m\ell$ FSH, 100 ng/$m\ell$ EGF, 1% ITS, 100 IU/$m\ell$ penicillin, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ streptomycin at 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 72 h. After culture, all of the oocytes were stained in 1% orcein following fixed in 45% Acetic acid for 48 h. The oocyte recovery rates of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ from estrus ovary (63.6%) were significantly higher rather than that in anestrus status (51.5%). Oocyte recovery rate per ovary of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus status ovary (22.6/63.8%) was also significantly higher rather than that in anestrus status ovary (8.2/51.6%). Nuclear development to MI of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus ovary (24.3%) was significantly higher rather than those in under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or over and under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in anestrus (2.5, 6.8 and 0.0%), respectively (P ＜ 0.05). Nuclear development to AT and MII of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus was more developed in other groups. Nuclear development to MI in TCM199 (21.8%) was significantly higher than in $\alpha$-MEM (10.0%). Altho $\mu\textrm{g}$h the development rate to AT was significantly different between TCM199 (7.3%) and $\alpha$-MEM (1.1%), but to MII was not different between TCM199 (0.9%) and $\alpha$-MEM (1.1%). The results indicated that over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ oocytes was could be recovery from estrus status ovary, bigger oocytes were more developed to MI, AT or MII in TCM199.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

Histological study on egg envelope and oogenesis of Kichulchoia multifasciata (Pisces, Cobitidae) was carried out by light microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Various developmental cells appeared in ovary of the specimen catched during November 2010. The cytoplasm of oogonia was acidic and many nucleoli were located at the inner side of nucleus membrane. The size of the oogonia was $103.9{\pm}24.7$ ${\mu}m$ with nucleus size $42.9{\pm}6.9$ (31.1~50.3) ${\mu}m$. Primary oocyte having $277.5{\pm}60.5$ (216.7~354.9) ${\mu}m$ in diameter began to accumulate yolk vesicles. As the developmental stages proceed, secondary oocyte grows larger to $617.6{\pm}85.1$ (503.4~723.6) ${\mu}m$, and eosinophilic yolk granules yolk granules appeared between the yolk vesicles occupying most cytoplasm, and there are some yolk mass formed already. There are some yolk mass formed already. Envelope of fertilized egg investigated by a scanning electron microscope had plenty of microvilli (2~3 ${\mu}m$ in length) over the entire egg surface and a micropyle. Especially, the microvilli surrounding the micropyle were longer than those of egg surface with $5.26{\pm}1.22$ ${\mu}m$.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

Tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona Bleeker, 1855) is a teleost belonging to Cyprinidae. The oogenesis of tiger barb was investigated by light microscope. The ovary was of white and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 2 cm and the minor axis 1 cm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In early stage of primary oocyte, yolk vesicles were distributed only in the marginal area. In secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles was formed in the cytoplasm. The basophilic substance of cytoplasm was changed to acidic. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. Also, there is not the formation of oil droplets in cytoplasm. In conclusion, the oogenesis of tiger barb was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formation of yolk, the decrease of basophilic substance in the cytoplasm, and formation of yolk mass.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

Three spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus Pallas, 1770) is a teleost belonging to Belontiidae. The oogenesis of three spot gourami was investigated by light microscope. The ovary was of light peach color and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 2 cm and the minor axis 1 cm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In primary oocyte, lipid droplets were distributed only in the marginal area first, than at nuclear envelope near. In secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles was formed in the marginal area. The basophilic substance of cytoplasm was changed to acidic. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. The fertilized eggs were the colorless, transparent, spherical, adhesive and pelagic type. A large oil droplet was located in vitelline membrane of the fertilized egg. In conclusion, the oogenesis of three spot gourami was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formations of lipid droplets and yolk, the decrease of basophilic substance in the cytoplasm, and formation of one large oil droplets.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

Gonadal development and reproductive cycle off Gomphina melanaegis collected in the coastal waters of Chumunjin, Korea were investigated monthly from April 1996 to April 1997. G. melanaegis was dioecious, The gonads were located between the digestive diverticula and muscle tissues of the foot, The ovary was composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis was composed of several testicular tubules. The flesh weight rate was reached the maximum in August ($23.0\%$), and then decreased to $19.8\%$ in September. In March, the value was reached the minimum ($17.8\%$) and then increased, The size of mature oocyte was ranged $50\~60\mu$m in diameter and had a germinal vesicle with a nucleolus. Mature oocyte contained a large number of yolk granules and lipid granules in its cytoplasm. The spermatozoon was consisted of a conical nucleus with acrosome, a middle piece containing four mitochondria and proximal and distal centrioles, and a flagellum, Sex ratio (male/female) and minimum size for sexual maturation of G. melanaegis were 0.79 and about 25 mm in shell length, respectively. The reproductive cycle could be classified into five succesive stages: multiplicative (December to March), growing (April and May), mature(June), sprawning (July and August), and degenerative and resting (September to November) stages.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2005

Objectives: Previously, we sought to compile a list of genes expressed during early folliculogenesis by using cDNA microarray to investigate follicular gene expression and changes during primordialprimary follicle transition and development of secondary follicles (Yoon et al., 2005). Among those genes, a group of genes related to the cell size growth was characterized during the ovarian development in the present study. Methods: We determined ovarian expression pattern of six genes related to the cell size growth (cyr61, emp1, fhl1, socs2, wig1 and wisp1) and extended into CCN family (${\underline{c}}onnective$ tissue growth factor/${\underline{c}}ysteine$-rich 61/${\underline{n}}ephroblastoma$-overexpressed), ctgf, nov, wisp2, wisp3, including cyr61 and wisp1 genes. Expression of mRNA and protein according to the ovarian developmental stage was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and/or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Among 6 genes related to the cell size growth, cyr61 and wisp1 mRNA was detected only in oocytes in the postnatal day5 mouse ovaries. cyr61 mRNA expression was limited to the nucleolus of oocytes, while wisp1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of oocytes, except nucleus. cyr61 mRNA expression, however, was found in granulosa cells from secondary follicles. The rest 4 genes in the cell size growth group were detected in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells. Cyr61 and Wisp1 proteins were expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial follicle stage. Especially, Cyr61 protein was detected in pre-granulosa cells, Wisp1 protein was not. By using RT-PCR, we evaluated and decided that Cyr61 protein is produced by their own mRNA in pre-granulosa cells that was not detected by in situ hybridization. cyr61 and wisp1 genes are happen to be the CCN family members. The other members of CCN family were also studied, but their expression was detected in oocytes, granulose and theca cells. Conclusions: We firstly characterized the ovarian expression of genes related to the cell size growth and CCN family according to the early folliculogenesis. Cyr61 protein expression in the pre-granulosa cells is profound in meaning. Further functional analysis for cyr61 in early folliculogenesis is under investigation.